• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.943-951
• /
• 2003

We are now detecting an increasing number of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) that are difficult to diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the useful radiologic findings for differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. Material and Method: The high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of SPNs smaller than 3 cm in largest diameter were evaluated in 134 patients with malignant and benign nodules in regard to internal structures, margin characteristics, and surrounding parenchymal responses. Result: The nodules with the area of ground-glass attenuation (GGA) greater then 50% were noted in adenocarcinoma, inflammatory lesions and some of metastatic tumors, and the lesions greater than 90% were noted only in adenocarcinoma. The area of GGA in non-adenocarcinoma, benign tumors and tuberculomas were less than 50%, and mainly less than 10%. The findings of air bronchogram, spiculation, lobulation, vascular involvement, and pleural indentation were some noted at every types of malignant tumors, but especially high over than 30% in adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: Most peripheral lung adenocarcinomas form a characteristic radiologic findings especially in HRCT. Evaluation of these findings would be helpful in differentiating between lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, and other lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2013

Background: Throughout Indonesia, thyroid cancer is one of the ten commonest malignancies, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in our hospital accounting for about 60% of all thyroid nodules. Although fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most reliable diagnostic tool, some nodules are diagnosed as indeterminate and second surgery is common for PTC. The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic value and feasibility of testing the BRAF T1799A mutation on FNA specimens for improving PTC diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 95 patients with thyroid nodules and future surgery planned. Results of mutational status were compared with surgical pathology diagnosis. Results: Of the 70 cases included in the final analysis, 62.8% were PTC and the prevalence of BRAF mutation was 38.6%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for BRAF mutation analysis were 36%, 100%, 100% and 48%, respectively. With other data findings, nodules with "onset less than 5 year" and "hard consistency" were proven as diagnostic determinants for BRAF mutation with a probability of 62.5%. This mutation was also a significant risk factor for extra-capsular extension. Conclusions: Molecular analysis of the BRAF T1799A mutation in FNAB specimens has high specificity and positive predictive value for PTC. It could be used in the selective patients with clinical characteristics to facilitate PTC diagnosis and for guidance regarding extent of thyroidectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 1995

Effects of wintering and temperature on nitrogen fixation activity of nodules of Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. grown in the field and growth chamber conditions were investigated. The biennial plants transfered to the growth chamber from winter field recovered the activity in 3 weeks of incubation and attained the maximum rate of $153{\mu}mol\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g$ fr wt $nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ in 5 weeks. When root nodules which adapted to different temperatures, were pretreated with 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, and then transfered to $30^{\circ}C$, nitrogen fixation activity was promoted in the nodules exposed to lower field temperature ($12^{\circ}C$) with 1$0^{\circ}C$ pretreatment. M. suaveolens maintained nitrogen fixation activity in the wide range of temperatures, and was more tolerant to lower temperature than those of other woody leguminous plants, Diurnal changes of nodule activity showed increase with sunrise and decrease with sunset during spring and autumn, but the activity was inhibited during July and August because of high temperature with stron irradiation. Nitrogen fixation activity of annual plant appeared in mid-April, and showed two peaks (104 and 43 mol $C_2H_4{\cdot}g$ fr wt $nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$) in July and September, and then disappeared after October. Nitrogen fixation activity of biennial plant reappeared in mid-March after wintering and attained two peaks (102 and 82 ${\mu}mol\;C_2H_4{\cdot}g$ fr wt $nodule^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$) in April and June of flowering period, and then disappeared after July due to plant withering by severe drought.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.75 no.2
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2013

A 52-year-old man was referred to our clinic for an 11.3 mm nodule in the left lower lobe that was discovered on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Eleven small nodules were subsequently found in both lungs. Initially, we performed a transthoracic needle aspiration using CT scan guidance. The pathologic report showed a few clusters of atypical cells that were suspicious for malignancy. The positron emission tomography images revealed multiple lung nodules scattered throughout both lungs. The largest nodule (11.3 mm) in the left lower lobe did not have any discernible fludeoxyglucose uptake. For pathologic confirmation, we consulted a thoracic surgeon to perform the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The final diagnosis was minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMNs). MPMNs are benign in nature, and only a few cases require treatment. However, when clinicians are suspicious of potential malignancy, a pathological correlation is essential, even if the final diagnosis is MPMNs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to know the efficacy of voice therapy for vocal fold nodules in children. Materials and Methods : Sixty two patients with vocal nodules(46 boys and 16 girls) were retrospectively reviewed. Age ranged from 4 to 15 years with mean age of 8 years. Questionnaire survey was carried out with voice handicap index, at pretherapy and post-therapy(3 months and 5 years after voice therapy). Results : Sixty two percent of the patients showed improvement by voice therapy. Twenty five patients continued education at home after voice therapy, but only eight childrens were included this group in pre-school aged children. Voice handicap index was improved in 3 months and 5 years after voice therapy. In contrast, pre-school children group showed slight aggravation in 5 years, especially in emotional subdomain. Conclusion : Voice therapy is effective primary treatment in children with vocal fold nodules. Different result between preschool aged children and school aged group shows needs for age specific approach of voice therapy.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 1987

Texture and mineralogy of different microlayers of deep-sea manganese nodules are investigted to reveal the environmental changes of nodules during a nodule formation. Basically a nodule can have three types (A, B and C) of microlayer. Some nodules show only one or two types of microlayer. The classification is based primarily on the texture. The surface torture of type A is coarsely porous globular microstructure whereas type B and C are intermediate to finely porous textures. The type A is characterized by its highest Mn content $(30.6\%)$ and relatively well-crystallized todorokite as veil as the rapid growth rate. Smectite and biogenic silica (radiolaria) are also easily observed in the type A layer. It appears that the hydrothermal activity is one of the favorable mechanism of formation for the type A layer. The hydrothermal solution is possibly supplied from nearby fracture zone and spreading center.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 1994

Slow seedling growth rate and nodulation failure of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) has been limited its good establishment to pastures. The experiment was done to determine the effect of removal of cotyledon and unifoliolate on the shoot, root growth, and nodule formation of 4 white clover cultivars for 8 weeks after the treatment. Four white clover cv. Regal (large leaf), Louisiana S-I (medium-large leaf), Grasslands Huia (mediumsmall leaf), and Aberystwyth S184 (small leaf), were grown in IOcm plastic pot containing 2:l:l soi1:sand:peat moss mixture until grown to cotyledon or unifoliolate stage and then removed one (Cl) or two cotyledons (C2) at cotyledon stage, and unifoliolate only (U), unifoliolate and one cotyledon (UCl) or unifoliolate and two cotyledons (UC2) at the unifoliolate stage, and the plants were sampled at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the treatments. The intact plants had greater shoot and root dry weights, and no. of nodules than removal-treated ones. Removal treatments at cotyledon stage, the dry weight and no. of nodules more decreased in C1 and C2 than that of unifoliolate stage. While the severer cotyledon removal, the more reduction. Although the dry weights and no. of nodules steadily inclined with regrowing period, the former were higher in Regal and La. S-1 than in the others since 6 weeks after removal treatment but the latter was more in S 184 than in the others 8 weeks after removal treatment. Relationship between no. of nodules and shoot or root dry weight was analysed as linear mode while the earlier and severe removal, the steeper slope. It was concluded that severer damage of cotyledon and unifoliolate had detrimental effects on the shoot and root growth, nodule formation, and aftermath establishment of white clover.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 1999

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) is a well established preoperative diagnostic procedure in the thyroid nodules. However, diagnostic accuracy of FNAC varies according to the size and the structural characteristics of thyroid nodule. We performed the ultrasound guided FNAC(US-guided FNAC) for impalpable thyroid nodule, and estimated the sampling accuracy rate through a comparison study between the cytologic diagnosis and the final histologic diagnosis of the postoperative specimens in order to determine clinical efficacy of the US-guided FNAC. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 117 patients underwent US-guided FNAC from January 1997 to December 1998. These patients had 129 thyroid nodules to need cytologic examination. Whereas the nodules were so no graphically classified into cystic, solid, and mixed type according to echo pattern, the aspirated thyroid specimens were classified into benign, malignant, suspicious, and insufficient. Results: Positive sampling for diagnositc examination was achieved in 75 nodules(58.1%), and US-guided FNAC in our study showed the accuracy rate of 95.2%, false positivity rate of 0%, and false negativity rate of 5.5%. Conclusions: US-guided FNAC is a powerful techniques for evaluating cytologic characterics and allowing a reliable diagnositc result in the impalpable thyroid nodule. However, the experienced technique is recommanded in order to obtain the sufficient samples for reliable results.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.224-230
• /
• 2015

Purpose: To determine whether we should recommend ultrasonography (US) for an incidental thyroid nodule identified by additional cervicothoracic sagittal T2-weighted image (C-T sag T2WI) of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 61 patients who underwent both lumbar spine MRI and thyroid US between December 2011 and April 2015 was conducted. For all US-found thyroid nodules > 1 cm, investigators evaluated whether there was any correlation between thyroid nodule detectability by C-T sag T2WI and US features such as echogenicity, composition, or suspicion of malignancy. Results: Solid hypoechoic (2/4; 50%) or mixed echoic nodules (4/8; 50%) appeared to be found relatively more easily by C-T sag T2WI than more benign-looking solid isoechoic (1/4; 25%) or spongiform nodules (0/6; 0%). Among six nodules with ultrasonographic suspicion for malignancy, only one nodule was detected by C-T sag T2WI. Conclusion: If an incidental thyroid nodule is seen by C-T sag T2WI, it would be better to recommend thyroid US for identifying malignancy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.614-618
• /
• 2005

A benign metastasizing pulmonary leiomyoma (BMPL) is a rare disease that usually occurs in women with a prior or coincident history of uterine leiomyoma. Although leiomyoma is histologically benign, it has the potential to metastasize to a distant site such as the lung. A 35 year old woman who had undergone a hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyoma 5 years prior was admitted for an investigation of multiple pulmonary nodules on a routine chest roentgenogram. An open lung biopsy was taken to make a pathological diagnosis. The microscopic finding of the nodules was leiomyoma and was similar to those of the uterine leiomyoma that had been resected 5 years ago. The woman underwent wedge resections of all pulmonary nodules. This is the first case of BMPL in Korea, which was treated with wedge resections of all multiple pulmonary nodules.