• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1993

Nucleotide sequences of nodD and nodA from Bradyrhizobium sp. SNUOOI were determined. The open reading frame (ORF) of nodD was 942 bp in length and encoded 314 amino acids. while ORF of nodA, sequence of which is the first one among legume symbionts Bradyrhizobium, was 630 bp and encoded 210 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence of nodD showed 99.4% homology with nodDI of B. japonicum USDAllO. while that of nodA showed 81.5% with B. sp. (Parasponial. At the 5' of nodYAB operon and nodD, consensus nod box sequences composed of 9 bp unit repeated four times and two times respectively were found. Also an A.T-rich sequence was found at 5' of nodD.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2000

A 1.7-kb fragment containing the nodD1 genes of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Cassia) CN9135 was amplified by PCR with primers based on B. japonicum USDA110. This fragment was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the sequence showed open reading frames highly homologous to nodD1 from other bradyrhizobial sources. The sequence showed higher homology to nodD1 gene of B. elkanii than to those from b. japonicum. Our results suggest that Bradyrhizobium sp. (Cassia) CN9135 may be more closely related to B. elkanii than to B. japonicum.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.424-427
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• 2011

The nucleotide-oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins are members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, which are intracellular and cytoplasmic receptors. We analyzed the role of NODs for cytokine production by macrophages infected with intracellular pathogen M. leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ was inhibited in the presence of cytochalasin D, an agent blocking phagocytosis, suggesting that intracellular signaling was, partially, required for macrophage activation to M. leprae infection. Next, we investigated the role of NOD1 and NOD2 proteins on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and cytokine expression. Treatment with M. leprae significantly increased NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in NOD1- and NOD2-transfected cells. Interestingly, their activation and expression were inhibited by cytochalasin D, suggesting that stimulation of NOD proteins may be associated with the enhancement of cytokine production in host to M. leprae.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1997

Wild type nodulin 26(nod 26) cDNA(S262) and phodphorylation aite mutant(S262D) were constructed by a yeast expression system using pYES2 plasmids(pTES2-D262 and pTES2-S262D) were sc-reened by restriction mapping with BamHI of KpnI. S262 nod 26 contained a sreine residue at position 262 and S262D nod 26 contained the substitution mutation of serine to aspartic acid residue at position 262 were verified by automated floursent DNA sequencing.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.331.2-331
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• 1995

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1033-1043
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• 2000

Recently as the user request on NoD (News-on-Demand) is largely increasing, there are a lot of researches to fulfill it. However, because of short life-cycle of new video data and periodical change of video data depending on anchor, it is difficult to apply the conventional video storage techniques to NOD applications directly. For this, we design and implement low-level storage manager for efficient storage and retrieval of multimedia data in NOD Services. Our low-level storage manager not only efficiently sotres video stream dat of new video itself, but also handles its index information. It provides an inverted file method for efficient text-based retrieval and an X-tree index structure for high-dimensional feature vectors. In addition, our low-level storage manager provides some application program interfaces (APIs) for storing video objects itself and index information extracted from hierarchial new video and some APIs for retrieving video objects easily by using cursors. Finally, we implement our low-level storage manager based on SHORE (Scalable Heterogeneous Object REpository) storage system by sunig a standard C++ language under UNIX operating system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing ${\beta}$ cells in the pancreatic islets. The onset of T1D is the consequence of a progressive destruction of islet ${\beta}$ cells mediated by an imbalance between effector $CD4^+$ T helper (Th)1 and regulatory $CD4^+$ Th2 cell function. Since interferon-alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) has been known to modulate immune function and autoimmunity, we investigated whether administration of adenoviralmediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene would inhibit the diabetic process in NOD mice. The development of diabetes was significantly inhibited by a single injection of adenoviral-mediated IFN-${\alpha}$ gene before 8 weeks of age. Next, we examined the hypothesis that Th2-type cytokines are associated with host protection against autoimmune diabetes, whereas Th1-type cytokines are associated with pathogenesis of T1D. The expression of IFN-${\alpha}$ induced increase of serum IL-4 and IL-6 (Th2 cytokines) levels and decrease of serum IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cytokines) levels. Therefore, overexpression of IFN-${\alpha}$ by adenoviralmediated delivery provides modulation of pathogenic progression and protection of NOD mice from T1D.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.513-518
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• 2010

The advancement of information technology along with the proliferation of communication and multimedia has increased the demand of digital contents. Video data of digital contents such as VOD, NOD, Digital Library, IPTV, and UCC are getting more permeated in various application fields. Video data have sequential characteristic besides providing the spatial and temporal information in its 3D format, making searching or browsing ineffective due to long turnaround time. In this paper, we suggest ATVC(Authoring Tool for Video Contents) for solving this issue. ATVC is a video editing tool that detects key frames using visual rhythm and insert metadata such as keywords into key frames via XML tagging. Visual rhythm is applied to map 3D spatial and temporal information to 2D information. Its processing speed is fast because it can get pixel information without IDCT, and it can classify edit-effects such as cut, wipe, and dissolve. Since XML data save key frame information via XML tag and keyword information, it can furnish efficient browsing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.300-307
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• 2020

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods: EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results: The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP-induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP-induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3-miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2001

In Incremental attribute evaluation algorithm, a new input attribute is exact1y compared with a previous input attribute tree, and then determine which subtrees from the old should be used in constructing the new one. In this paper incremental attribute evaluation algorithm was used to make incremental evlauation of hierarchical attribute grammar more efficient1y, and reconstructing the incremental attribute evaluation algorithm by analyzing that of Carle and Pollock, finally the incremental attribute evaluation algorithm for optimalized attribute tree d' copy was constructed by applying element of attribute !ree dcopy to a new attribute tree d' copy. Also proving that how the reused nod and type of defined parameter in input program carried out the incremental attribute evaluation by using that algorithm.