• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nocturnal maxiumu ozone occurrence and the meteorological relevance using to hourly ozone data and meteorological data for 1995~1996 in Pusan coastal area. Kwangbokdong showed the highest occurrence of nocturnal maximum ozone as 36.9%, and Deokcheondong showed the lowest occurrence(9.2%) for research period in Pusan. The occurrence rates of nocturnal maximum ozone concentration were decreased toward land area. The low maximum temperature, high minimum temperature, low diurnal range, high relative humidity, high wind speed, high could amount, low sunshine and low radiation were closely related to the main meteorological characteristics occuring the nocturnal maximum concnetration of ozone. It was shown that normal daily variation of ozone concentration by strong photochemical reaction at the before day of nocturnal maximum ozone. The concnetration of nocturnal maximum ozone were occured by entrainment of ozone from the upper layer of developed mixing layer. There are no ozone sources near the ground at night, so that the nighttime ozone should be entrained from the upper layer by forced convection.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2000

This study presents an analysis of the characteristics of vertical ozone distribution near the surface using ozonesonde data(l995 to 1998), plus surface ozone and meteorological data from the Pohang region. These features were examined in detail using three case studies. The first related to episodes of high surface ozone concentrations during the Spring season when the frontogenesis between the high and low pressure associated with the upper-level jet stream was found to be located near the surface. The second was a 5-day winter period(l3 -17 December, 1997) in the Pohang province when the hourly concentrations exceeded 90 ppb on several occasions owing to low-level jets(LLJs) induced by a nocturnal stable layer. Accordingly, this explains why the high surface ozone concentrations occurred at night as the ozone was transported across the zone by a strong wind speed( over 12.5 ms .1). The third case study was ozone enhancement due to photochemical reactions. In this case, the maximum concentration of ozone exceeded 60 ppb in the summer(23 -28 August, 1997). When an ozone peak appeared within the boundary layer, the occurrence frequency of a low-level jet due to the nocturnal stable layer was about 77%, similarly the occurrence frequency of a near-surface ozone peak relative to the appearance of an LLJ was about 76%. Accordingly, there is clearly a close correlation between the occurrence of LLJs and near-surface ozone peaks.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2005

This study presents the characteristics of nocturnal inversion layer and their effect on the concentration variations of surface air pollutants using tethersonde and automatic weather station (AWS, 2 layer tower) system in Ulsan during 2003, The method for the distinction of inversion intensity was decided based on the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. As the results, there was a close correlation (correlation coefficient of 0,76) between the maximum inversion height obtained from tethersonde and the sum of nocturnal temperature gradient. The air pollutant concentration was also directly proportional to the inversion intensity. When the inversion intensity was strong in the nighttime, ozone $(O_3)$ concentration was lower, while nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ concentration was higher. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was gradually higher according to the nocturnal inversion intensity, whereas sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$ concentration was relatively constant. In addition, we found that there was no correlation between the inversion intensity and TSP concentration.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2015

This study conducted analyses on biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emission sources contributing to urban ozone ($O_3$) concentration in Osaka Prefecture, Japan in summer 2010 by using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) version 3.5.1 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) version 5.0.1. This prefecture is characterized by highly urbanized area with small forest area. The contributions of source regions surrounding Osaka were estimated by comparing the baseline case and zero-out cases for BVOC emissions from each source region. The zero-out emission runs showed that the BVOC emissions substantially contributed to urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka (10.3 ppb: 15.9% of mean daily maximum 1-h $O_3$ concentration) with day-by-day variations of contributing source regions, which were qualitatively explained by backward trajectory analyses. Although $O_3$ concentrations were especially high on 23 July and 2 August 2010, the contribution of BVOC on 23 July (35.4 ppb: 25.6% of daily maximum $O_3$) was much larger than that on 2 August (20.9 ppb: 14.2% of daily maximum $O_3$). To investigate this difference, additional zero-out cases for anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions from Osaka and for VOC emissions on the target days were performed. On 23 July, the urban $O_3$ concentration in Osaka was dominantly increased by the transport from the northwestern region outside Osaka with large contribution of $O_3$ that was produced through BVOC reactions by the day before and was retained over the nocturnal boundary layer. On 2 August, the concentration was dominantly increased by the local photochemical production inside Osaka under weak wind condition with the particularly large contribution of AVOC emitted from Osaka on the day.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2008

오존 농도와 기상 인자의 연직관측을 수행하여 오존분포와 하부 대기구조와의 관계를 분석하였다. 관측은 서울 방이동에서 2003년 6월 $6{\sim}9$일에 하루 2회씩(주 야간)총 8회에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 고도 5 km 이내의 관측결과를 중심으로 대기경계층 일변화와 연직 오존농도 변화를 집중분석하였다. 관측 결과, 대기경계층 내 야간안정층 및 혼합층 발달에 따라 큰 오존농도 분포변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 야간에는 안정층 내에서 $NO_x$ 적정반응으로 0에 가까운 낮은 오존농도를 나타내었다. 한편 오후에는 혼합층 내에서 비교적 일정한 오존농도 분포를 나타내며, 대기경계층 상부에서 100 ppb 이상의 최고 농도가 관측되었다. 특히 지표부근 오존농도가 높았던 6월 8일의 관측결과를 통해, 오존의 생성 소멸과 관련한 국지효과뿐만 아니라 제한된 혼합층 발달이 고농도오존 발생에 중요한 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 관측 기간 중, 국지규모 이상의 수송효과에 의한 대기경계층 상부의 농도 상승과 종관기류 변화에 따른 수송 효과가 간접적으로 확인되었다. 연직 오존분포 분석에 있어 충분치 않은 관측 자료로 인해 정확한 시간적 변동을 고찰할 수 없는 한계를 보였다. 하지만 본 연구를 통해 서울지역 대기하층의 오존 분포 변화와 기상학적 특징을 살펴봄으로서 고농도오존 현상의 역학적인 이해를 도울 것으로 생각되며, 관측 결과는 도시 오존제어를 위한 광화학 수치모델링의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.