• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.356-356
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• 2017

A field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of tillage systems and fertilizer management on yield and nutrient uptake in Soybean. The plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of conventional tillage were much higher those observed for no-tillage. Significant differences in plant height were observed under tillage practices combined with fertilizer treatment. However, the greatest plant height (128.47 cm) was observed in conventional tillage with chemical fertilizer, and the lowest (45.4 cm) was observed in the no-tillage with green manure treatment. The highest fresh weight (172.4 g) and dry weight (44.1 g) were observed from the no-tillage chemical treatment in the late flowering stage of soybean. The plant concentration of nitrate was higher (2.29%) in no-tillage with green manure than it was with chemical fertilization. However, nitrogen increased steadily in all treatments, and the highest quantity of total nitrogen (476.7 Kg/ha) was observed in no-tillage with green manure. The N content in the soil decreased gradually just after the vegetative stage. Tillage practices and additional fertilizer application had an adverse effect on the uptake of N, P and K in soybean seeds. The nitrogen concentration in seeds was found to be increased in the no-tillage with green manure treatment. The uptake of more nitrogen induced a better yield. Thus, the no-tillage with green manure treatment had the greatest yield, although no significant difference was observed among foliar-applications and additional fertilization. Additionally, the phosphorus and potassium concentrations in seeds remained the same between the conventional tillage and no-tillage treatments. The results obtained in this study indicate that no-tillage strategies with fertilizers may influence the growth characteristics and mineral uptake in soybean.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2002

무경운 재배가 논토양 온실가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자, 1998~2000년에 걸쳐 식질계 답토양에서 질소비종(요소, 유안, 완효성비료), 시비방법(전층시비, 표층시비), 유기물 시용(볏집시용, 무시용) 및 재배양식(건답직파, 중묘이앙) 등의 다양한 재배조건별 메탄가스 배출량을 경운과 무경운재배에서 조사하였다. 질소비종은 경운유무에 관계없이 유안시비구에서 메탄배출량이 가장 낮았다(요소 대비 26.6~41.1% 저감). 그러나 경운재배에 비해 수량이 낮은 무경운재배에서는 완효성 비료가 메탄배출량이 요소구에 비해 약간 적었고, 수량은 다른 질소비료 시비량이 80% 처리수준에서도 가장 높아 더 효율적인 비종으로 고려되었다. 시비방법에 따라서는 전층시비시 경운구에 비해 무경운구의 메탄배출량이 낮았으나 표층시비시에는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 볏짚 시용시에는 무경운에 의한 메탄배출 저감 효과가 강조되는 경향으로, 볏짚을 시용하지 않았을 때는 경운 대비 10.7% 저감되었고, $5000kg\;ha^{-1}$시용 시는 26.6% 저감되었다. 중묘이앙 재배시 무경운은 경운에 비해 26.6%의 메탄 배출 저감효과를 나타내었으나, 건답직파 재배시는 무경운에서 경운보다 메탄배출이 11.2% 증가하였는데 이는 건답직파시 논토양이 완전 담수되는 3엽기 이전에 경운에 의해 토양에 투입된 볏짚 중 상당한 양이 산화적으로 분해되어 $CO_2$로 대기중으로 배출되었기 때문이라 생각되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2003

Winter hairy vetch (HV) can be used as green manure with conventional tillage system (CT), in which chemical N fertilizer required for cultivation of sub-sequent com could be fully saved, or as cover crop with no-tillage system (NT) in which soil could be protected from erosion, control of weed, and the reduction of N fertilizer application. This experiment was carried out to compare the enrichment of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) at corn root zone, and the changes of com growth and N uptake according to HV amounts (winter fallow, above-ground HV removed, intact HV, and HV added from aboveground HV removed) under two tillage systems in the upland field of National Crop Experiment Station, Suwon, Korea in 1996. HV cultivation during winter decreased SMN a little at com planting. HV incorporation with CT increased SMN rapidly during early growth stage according to rapid decomposition of Hv. SMN by HV cover with NT was increased slowly and its increase was higher in the surface soil (soil layer 0-7.5cm) compared to deep soil layer 7.5-22cm. Com growth and N status at corn silking stage, com yield and N uptake at harvest were increased in proportion to aboveground HV amounts regardless of tillage system. Average hairy vetch nitrogen (HV-N) uptake efficiency by com was 10% higher with CT than with NT in which average HV-N uptake efficiency was 43 %. Corn yields were not different between two tillage systems, but corn N uptake was increased by 33 kgN/ha more with CT than with NT due to the increase of corn N concentration. The increase of SMN and com N uptake from HV cover with NT could not be disregarded though those with CT were higher than with NT

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2012

본시험은 고추 연작으로 인해 염류가 집적되고 병충해가 빈번히 발생되는 고추 비가림하우스내 동계 녹비작물이 고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 경상북도 농업기술원 영양고추시험장 친환경 고추재배 비가림하우스에서 우리나라에서 겨울철에 월동 가능한 자생콩과 녹비작물을 중심으로 시험을 실시하였다. 다섯가지 녹비작물인 재배완두, 새완두, 살갈퀴, 헤어리베치와 호밀을 가을에 파종하여 이듬해 봄에 녹비작물을 경운과 무경운 상태에서 고추를 재배한 결과는 다음과 같다. 동계 녹비작물의 경운 유무에 따른 건물량은 경운에서 ha 당 8.3 ton이었고, 무경운재배에서는 7.0 ton이었다. 녹비작물별 건물량은 경운 무경운 동일하게 호밀에서 16.6, 14.6 ton으로 가장 많았고, 콩과 녹비작물에서는 살갈퀴가 6.6, 5.7 ton으로 양호하였다. 식물체내 질소 함유량은 살갈퀴와 새완두에서 높게 나타났으며, ha당 질소 공급량은 경운에서 살갈퀴가 226 kg, 호밀이 251 kg이었으며, 무경운재배시 살갈퀴는 197, 호밀은 222 kg이었다. 녹비작물의 경운과 무경운재배에 따른 고추 수량에서 주당 수확과수는 경운재배에서 55.5개로 무경운의 37개보다 18.5개가 더 많아 수량은 7.5 ton으로 무경운에 비해 약 67% 증수되었다. 경운과 무경운에서 공히 녹비작물별 고추의 수량은 질소질 비교의 공급량이 많았던 살갈퀴에서 현저히 많았던 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the sustainable agriculture of no-tillage technique to minimize tillage problems under rain interception green house condition including recycling of the ridge and the furrow for following cultivation in Korea. Chemical properties in soils were investigated at 3-years after cultivation at conventional tillage [CT; 2-years no-tillage (2009-2010) and 1-year (2011) tillage] and no-tillage [NT; 2009-2011] field. Soil pH maintained between 5.8 and 6.0 irrespectively tillage and no-tillage. Salinity (EC), contents of total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) in soil were remarkably higher in CT than in NT treatment. Salinity (EC), contents of OM, TN, CEC, and exchangeable cations in top soil and subsoil indicated higher deviation in CT than NT treatment. Organic matters and inorganic matters in soil were positive (+) correlation. Suppression of pepper growth and increase of yield were observed in no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. These results indicated that no-tillage technique in crop culture could play an important role with respect to chemical properties in silt loam soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.531-540
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• 2016

The adoption of legume cover crops in no-tillage system can contribute to improve soil fertility by providing several benefits, including reduction in soil erosion, suppression of weed growth and N supply to subsequent crops. We conducted a field study to investigate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization rates on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of waxy corn (Zea mays L.) in no-tillage upland field. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnuturn L.) were mechanically terminated with roller in early June. For each cover crop treatment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at three different rates (145, 72.5 and $0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$). The growth and yield characteristics of corn were significantly affected by the N fertilization rates in crimson clover plots, which suggest N mineralization from the cover crop residue was not sufficient. In contrast, N fertilization rates had no significant effect on growth and yield of corn in hairy vetch plots, indicating that the amount of N released from the cover crop is large enough to meet most of the N requirement of corn. However, the application of N fertilizer in hairy vetch cover plots resulted in slight increase of crop yield, though not statically significant, and high levels of N concentration in corn plant tissue possibly due to luxury consumption of N. Organic residues on the soil surface in hairy vetch cover plots had substantial amounts of N after harvest, ranging from 100 to $116kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, which is presumably retained during winter season and released by microbial mineralization in subsequent year. The highest nitrogen yield efficiency was achieved in the plot with hairy vetch cover and no N fertilizer application, followed by the plot with hairy vetch cover and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization rate. In conclusion, hairy vetch showed better performance in corn productivity as compared with crimson clover. In addition, it was concluded that the application of N fertilizer between 0 and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with hairy vetch cover crop might be most efficient for corn yield under no-tillage system with climatic and soil characteristics similar to those of the experimental site.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1999

In rice-barley cropping systems, efficient utilization of barley straw is essential, both to improve the soil fertility and to conserve the environment. In order to identify the effects of barley straw mulch rates in rice cultivation, a rice cultivar, 'Gancheogbyeo', was directly seeded on a no-tillage field synchronized with barley harvesting with five barley straw mulch rates, i.e., 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ and agronomic characters of rice and soil nitrogen were determined. The increasing of barley straw mulch rates. Dominant weed species, chestnut, occurred in large amounts in no mulching or lower mulch rates than in higher mulch rates. The content of N $H_4$$_{＋}$-N in soil applied with high barley straw mulch rates was lower during the month after seeding, and then it was higher at heading date, compared with lower mulch rates or no mulch plot. As the barley straw rate increased, maximum tillering stage was delayed, and plant height was reduced. Although the lodging of rice plants was seldom observed in all plots, the breaking strength of the culm was significantly higher in the mulch rate of 10.0 ton h $a^{-1}$ . With an increase of barley straw mulch rate, the effective tillering rate and spikelet number $m^{-2}$ decreased while ripened grain ratio increased. The rice grain yield was slightly decreased with an increase of barley straw mulch rate, although significant differences were not found all barley straw mulch rates. These results suggest that there is no significant yield loss although the total barley straw production, approximately 5.0 ton h $a^{-l}$ in the present study, apply in the paddy for the following rice cultivation by no-tillage direct seeding.ect seeding.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.405-412
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• 1992

경운과 무경운 조건에서 수도를 건답휴립직파할 때 질소분시비율이 수도의 생육과 수량성에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 직파재배용으로 육성중인 밀양 9005의 건조종자를 6kg / 10a 수준으로 1990년 5월 17일 산파하고, 맥류휴립산파기로 복토하였다. 질소-인산-가리를 15-10-10kg /10a 수준으로 시용하였는데 인산과 가리는 모두 기비로 시용하였다. 질소는 기비 : 담수직후 : 담수 2주후 : 출수 25일전 : 출수기에 요소를 10 : 20 : 30 : 20 : 20%, 20 : 30 : 20 : 20 : 10%, 30 : 40 : 0 : 20 : 10%로 분시하였고, 완효성시비료는 질소가 40%이고, 비효특속기간이 120일인 latex 피복한 요소를 전량기비로 시용하였다. 경운에서는 무경운에 비하여 출수기가 1일 지정되었고, 출수기의 엽면적지수가 컸으며, 도복지수가 적었을 뿐 입묘수, 수량, 수량구성요소, 도복관련형질 및 간기부의 cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin 함량은 차이가 없었다. 질소분시비율간에는 완효성비료 전량기비구에서 간장, 유효경비율, 간기중, 천립중, 수확지수가 더 컸으며, 무경운의 완효성비료 전량시비구에서 수량이 더 높았다. 완효성비료 시용구에서는 생육 초기에는 질소함유율과 흡수량이 가장 낮았지만, 출수기 이후에는 질소함유율과 흡수량은 다른 질소분시구보다 높았다. 분얼수는 완효성비료 시용구에서 가장 낮았고, 생육초기에는 질소의 기비비율이 높을수록 많았으며, 생육중기에는 20 : 30 : 20 : 20 : 10%의 분얼수가 가장 높았지만 유효경비율이 달라 수수는 처리간에 차이가 없었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2017

본 연구는 무경운 재배법을 확립하고자 비료종류와 시비 방법에 따라 콩의 생육 및 수량을 조사하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 경운과 무경운 처리구에서 풋거름, 돈분액비, 화학비료의 비료종류에 따라 콩의 생육이 각각 달랐다. 경운과 무경운 모두 화학비료처리구에서 콩의 생육이 높았으며, 경운유무에 따라서는 경운에서의 생육이 가장 높았다. 2. 엽색도 조사에서는 비슷한 양상으로 증가하였는데 엽색도 함량이 최고에 달했을 때를 비교해보면 무경운-화학비료처리구에서 가장 높았으며, 상대적으로 경운-풋거름처리구에서 엽색도가 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 3. 콩 종실 1 g 및 0.5 g의 질소, 인, 칼륨의 성분량을 분석했을 때 인과 칼륨의 경우 경운과 무경운 모두 큰 차이를 두지 않고 비슷한 함량을 나타내었으며, 질소는 이와 다르게 돈액비료처리구에서 질소의 함량이 가장 높게 나왔다. 4. 콩 종실의 수량조사에서는 생육조사와는 다르게 무경운-돈분액비에서 수량이 가장 높았고, 상대적으로 무경운-관행처리구에서 수량이 가장 낮았다. 무처리구를 제외하고 풋거름처리구의 경우 경운, 무경운 모두 생육양상이 저조함에 따라 콩의 수량도 낮았다.