• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of Taxus cuspidata pharmacopuncture(TCP) at KI03 on formalin-induced pain in rats and to evaluate the efficiency of different extraction methods of Taxus cuspidata(TC). Methods : 30 rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Each of the groups was treated two times. The first treatment for its right KI03 was as follows: rats were treated with normal saline(NOR), normal saline(CON), hot-water extraction of TC(W), ethanol extraction of TC(E), and ultrasonification extraction of TC(U). The second treatment was given 35 mins after the first one. Rats in NOR were treated with normal saline at their hind-paw. All groups, except NOR, were treated with formalin(5 %, $40{\mu}{\ell}$) at their hind-paw. To evaluate pain behavior, Ultrasonic vocalization(USV) was examined to be around 18~30 kHz. After analysis of USV, blood samples were taken from the rats for analysis of Substance P, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT). Results : In the experimental groups, USV was significantly decreased compared with CON and similar to that of NOR in the early phase. But there were no significant differences among the three extraction methods of TC. In addition, Substance P of W was significantly decreased. AST and ALT activation showed no significant differences among the 5 groups. Conclusion : These results show that regardless of extraction methods of TC, TCP at KI03 has analgesic effects in the early phase on formalin-induced pain in rats. In particular, hot-water extraction of TC significantly reduces Substance P activation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2008

Objectives This study is for comparing the results in two groups of using Oriental medical treatment only with using Oriental-Western medical treatment together to shoulder pain patients. Methods 49 shoulder pain patients who participated in the clinical study both at the Bukpyeoung Haemalkeun Oriental Medical Clinic and at the Bukpyeoung Medical Clinic in Donghae city were classified 2 groups. Group A was treated with Oriental medical therapy only and group B was treated with Oriental-Western medical treatment together. They have been treated 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Results After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of each treatment, the scores of the two groups in 'Subjective symptoms of shoulder pain', 'Indisposition index of every day life', 'Shoulder pain and disability index', 'Visual analog scale' became signific antly lower than those before treatment. Conclusion Treatment of group B was better than treatment of group A but, there was no significant difference in therapeutic action between two groups.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2022

Fat pad syndrome is a knee joint condition/disease where acute or chronic inflammation occurs in the fat pad of the knee joint, and it is a cause of anterior knee pain. Fat pad syndrome usually occurs concurrently with other conditions/diseases to collectively cause anterior knee pain. No study to date has reported the treatment of anterior knee pain solely due to fat pad syndrome. Here, we report a case of fat pad syndrome of the knee joint as the sole cause of anterior knee pain in a 49-year-old woman who received integrated Korean medicine treatments (pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, herbal medicine, deep fascial meridian therapy, and chuna). Using patient-reported pain scale scores, the level of the patient's pain was relieved, and her mobility improved. Integrated Korean medicine treatments could be effective for patients who have fat pad syndrome of the knee joint.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.149-157
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ on low back pain patients. Methods : 83 patients with Low back pain who were treated in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibusion, Dongshin University Hospital in Suncheon from Sep. 1st, 2010 to August 31th, 2011, were divided into two groups. One group (52 patients) was treated with conservative treatments (acupuncture, herb med, cupping therapy and physical therapy) and mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ theraphy (PG) and the other group (31 patients) was treated with conservative treatments alone(NPG). To estimate the effects of treatments, visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were checked. Results : 1. In VAS, both of PG and NPG shows statistically significant improvement rate after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 2. In ODI, both of PG and NPG shows statistically significant improvement rate after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 3. In comparing VAS of PG and NPG, there was more significant improvement in PG than NPG after 3rd treatment and 5th treatment. 4. In comparing ODI of PG and NPG, there was more significant improvement in PG than NPG after 3rd treatment but no significant improvement between PG and NPG after 5th treatment. Conclusions : According to the study, it is thought that mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$ theraphy is effective to low back pain patients, and further study is needed for the confirmation of the effect of mixed pharmacopuncture of $Jungsongouhyul$ and $Cervi$ $Pantotrichum$ $Cornu$.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

Objective : This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Acupuncture, Bee Venom Acupuncture (BVA) and Bee Venom Herbal Acupuncture (BVHA) on post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. Methods : 30 patients were randomly allocated into Acupuncture group, BVA group and BVHA group and was monitored weekly for 4 weeks; initial($T_0$), 1 week($T_1$), 2 weeks($T_2$), 3 weeks($T_3$) and 4 weeks($T_4$). Results : Visual analogue scale of shoulder pain showed significant decrease in BVA and BVHA groups compared to the Acupuncture group at T4 evaluation. Painless passive ROM of shoulder external rotation and Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment of Upper Limb motor function showed significant increase in all groups. Modified Ashworth scale of the spasticity of upper limb showed no differences between the three groups. Conclusion : BVA & BVHA appears to be an effective in treating post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. Further clinical studies must be done to obtain more concrete findings.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.213-232
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• 2000

Hemiplegic shoulder pain(HSP) is one of the most frequent and difficult problems affecting poststroke hemiplegic patients. Honeybee venom acupuncture therapy(BVAT) is known for its pain relieving effects in arthralgia. To evaluate the effectiveness of BVAT on HSP, 24 patients were sequential1y allocated into BVA T treatment group and control group and monitored for 4 weeks at time interval of initial(T0), 1 week(T1), 2 weeks(T2) and 4 weeks(T4). In treatment group, 1:10000 honeybee venom solution 0.2㎖ was injected into acupoint(s) following Deqi three times a week. Kyonu(LI15) was used in the first week. Thereafter Kyonu(LI15) and Nosu(SI10) were used. Visual analogue scale of pain severity showed significant decrease in treatment group compared to control group at T2 and T4 evaluation. Painless passive range of motion of shoulder external rotation showed significant increase in treatment group compared to control group at T4 evaluation. Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment of upper limb motor function and Modified Ashworth scale of the spasticity of upper limb showed no difference between two groups. BVAT showed as an effective therapy in HSP and further extensive clinical studies are expected.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of spiral taping treatment on temporomandibular disorder. Methods : 22 temporomandibular disorder patients were treated with spiral taping, and no other treatments such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, herbal acupuncture, and chiropractic therapy were added. We evaluated the improvement by temporomandibular pain and mouth opening range. Results : 11 patients felt no pain or inconvenience of daily life and 4 patients showed improvement of pain or symptom after 1 month of spiral taping theraphy. 3 patients had normal opening size of mouth and convenience of daily life, and 2 patient showed improvement of opening size of mouth as 35mm-40mm after 1 month of spiral taping theraphy. Conclusion : These results suggest spiral taping treatments contribute to the improvement of temporomandibular disorders. Further study is needed for the confirmation of this effect of spiral taping treatments on temporomandibular disorders.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to prepare Bauhinia variegata loaded nanoemulsion(formulation and determine the efficacy of herbal drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain through acupuncture technique. Methods: Nine different ba tches of nanoemulsion (NE1 NE9) of BVN was prepared by varying the S_mix ratio and the concentration of oil. BVN was characterized to determine particle size, shape, zeta potential, polydispersity index, optical transmittance, drug release profile and stora ge stability. The optimized formulation was subjected to plantar test, behavioral tests of neuropathic pain and Von Frey filament stimulation test. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to the experimental rats. Animals were made diabetic divided into four groups, Group I was untreated normal control group, Group II was diabetic control group, Group III was Bauhinia variegata extract ( treated group (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) and Group IV was BVN treated groups (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) acute and chronically. Results: The prepared B. variegata loaded nanoemulsion was nanosized (124 nm), spherical, uniform and stable over the period of 180 days with no change in physiochemical properties. The bl ood glucose and body weight of animals was normalizing after four weeks of treatment that was significant with BVN in comparison to diabetic control group. The chronic administration of BVN significantly (P<0.001) decreased hind paw withdrawal latency an d attenuated mechanical allodynia as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Thus, BVN may be an effective drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.247-259
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• 2020

Objectives: This review aims to investigate clinical studies related to bee venom pharmacopuncture for cancer patients and to analyze the research trend for further study. Methods: We searched for clinical studies using bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy on patients with cancer through the electronic databases including Pubmed, Cochrane library, OASIS, KISS, NDSL, and KMBASE. There was no restriction on language and publication date, and after selection/exclusion process, the study design, target disease, intervention details including acupoints, treatment frequency and period, outcomes, study results and adverse events were extracted. Results: Thirteen clinical studies were finally selected. There were a randomized controlled trial RCT about the effect of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture on cancer-related pain, and three case series about chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. In case reports, there were nine studies about oligodendroglioma, plexiform neurofibroma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, urachal adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. The bee venom therapy affected the improvement of outcomes such as symptoms, quality of life, tumor response, and lab findings. Conclusions: The present study found that bee venom therapy is applicable to the treatment of cancer patients, and showed some effect on various symptoms. However, due to insufficient number and quality of studies, well designed and high-quality clinical trials are necessary to confirm the effectiveness and safety of bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy in patients with cancer.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

Objectives: There is no report on treatment of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear in Traditional Korean Medicine. We reported Traditional Korean Treatment for pain relief and better movement of acute traumatic rotator cuff tear. Methods: Shoulder MRI was used to confirm the diagnosis of tear of rotator cuff. The patient was treated with Traditional Korean Methods (Acupuncture, Herbal medicine, Pharmacopuncture) for 6 months. We evaluated the patient through VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), UCLA shoulder scale, ROM (Range of motion) and Shoulder MRI. Results: After 6 months of treatment, the patient's VAS was decreased whereas UCLA score and Shoulder ROM were increased. Rotator cuff tear was repaired on Shoulder MRI images. Conclusions: In acute traumatic rotator cuff tear, Korean Traditional Treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.