• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.67 no.4
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 2024

Objective : Exploring protein requirements for critically ill patients has become prominent. On the other hand, considering the significant impact of coma therapy and targeted temperature management (TTM) on the brain as well as systemic metabolisms, protein requirements may plausibly be changed by treatment application. However, there is currently no research on protein requirements following the application of these treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate changes in patients' protein requirements during the application of TTM and coma therapy. Methods : This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from March 2019 to May 2022. Among the patients admitted to the intensive care unit, those receiving coma therapy and TTM were included. The patient's treatment period was divided into two phases (phase 1, application and maintenance of coma therapy and TTM; phase 2, tapering and cessation of treatment). In assessing protein requirements, the urine urea nitrogen (UUN) method was employed to estimate the nitrogen balance, offering insight into protein utilization within the body. The patient's protein requirement for each phase was defined as the amount of protein required to achieve a nitrogen balance within ±5, based on the 24-hour collection of UUN. Changes in protein requirements between phases were analyzed. Results : Out of 195 patients, 107 patients with a total of 214 UUN values were included. The mean protein requirement for the entire treatment period was 1.84±0.62 g/kg/day, which is higher than the generally recommended protein supply of 1.2 g/kg/day. As the treatment was tapered, there was a statistically significant increase in the protein requirement from 1.49±0.42 to 2.18±0.60 in phase 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion : Our study revealed a total average protein requirement of 1.84±0.62 g during the treatment period, which falls within the upper range of the preexisting guidelines. Nevertheless, a notable deviation emerged when analyzing the treatment application period separately. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate considerations for the type and timing of treatment, extending beyond the current guideline, which solely accounts for the severity by disease.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 1999

For the purpose of inquiring into the actual conditions of water quality management of Simple Piped Water Supply(SPWS) and the satisfaction and attitudes of inhabitants about utilizing water-supply, this research was done through the questionnaires, the investigation of surrounding environment and water quality analysis in the Sangju city, Kyungsang-pookdo during 4 months from March to June, 1998. The fountainhead of SPES using ground water accounted for 65.3%, which was the highest rate in the group. Most of them was at least 10 years in the number of utilization year. 79.6% of them were exposed to many sorts of surrounding pollution origins. The examination of water was performed only through a test about water purification and 24.5% of them disinfection by chlorine also no residual chlorine was detected at all. All the waterworks did not have any education to the managers of water quality and 81.5% of them held physical examination. As a result of the water examination about SPWS, 65.3% of them were found incongruity and the valley and springing water accounted for higher than the underground water in the rate of incongruity. Looking into the details of the result in the water examination, a category of colon bacilli was ranked in the highest rate and the next one was general bacilli, nitric acid nitrogen and turbidity in order. In the satisfaction degree of the water quality, the satisfied accounted for 44.6%, and 29.2% each. Over the state of satisfaction about the ways of water examination, satisfaction accounted for 44.6%, and unsatisfaction 28.3%. Summarizing the result of the above-stated, the state of Water Quality Management of the SPWS was in a poor condition. Thus for the water Quality Management, systematic and scientific water Quality Management mainly by the administrative organization other than voluntary management by the village should be done beyond doubt. Additionally the opinions and demands of inhabitants utilizing the water supply have to be positively reflected in the affairs of water Quality Management so that the distrust of inhabitants to the SPWS should be settled.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

The purpose of the present study is to elucidate flue gas recirculation device for reduction of nitrogen oxides using coanda nozzle without adopting additional power driving fan in a waste incinerator. The characteristics of the exhaust gas recirculation flow rate and the average temperature change at the outlet of the mixed gas were investigated according to the change of air supply nozzle gap and the position of air supply nozzle. When the gap of the air supply nozzle was changed to 3.22, 4.03, and 4.84 mm, the largest recirculation flow ratio, which is the ratio of exhaust gas recirculation flow rate and air supply flow rate, was 2.227 for the case with 3.22 mm and its mean temperature at outlet was $594.8^{\circ}C$. When the position of the air supply nozzle changes to the front position, neck position, and expansion position of the coanda nozzle neck, the recirculation flow ratios at the forward position and the neck position were nearly almost the same value, 1.843, and 1.696 at the expansion position, their mean temperatures were $559.8^{\circ}C$ and $544.3^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1980

1. Ginseng field and virgin soils, to which Yakto, washed Yakto, litters (deciduous and coniferous trees) and bone meal were applied, were incubated at 60% of field capacity of the soils to shed light on the production of $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ through mineralization of the organic materials being the nitrogen sources for Korean ginseng. 2. Total nitrogen content mineralized in the soils, to which the following organic materials were applied, was:bone meal>Yakto${\gg}$litter (deciduous trees)> washed Yakto, litter (coniferous trees). The content increased with incubation time in all the virgin and ginseng field soils excepting only the virgin soils applied with washed Yakto and litters of which the contents decreased. A large part of nitrogen mineralized in the virgin and ginseng field soils to which Yakto was applied was nitrate form, while a half ginseng field soils and a considerable part in the other virgin soils was ammonium form in the other treatments. 3. $NH_4-N$ content produced in the virgin and ginseng field soils applied with bone meal increased with the time, while it decreased in the other treatments. And the content in the soils applied with bone meal was very high. 4. $NO_3-N$ content showed a continuous increase during the incubation time in all treatments of ginseng field soils and only in the virgin soil to which Yakto was applied, wherease it showed almost no change in the other treatments of virgin soils. And the content in the soils applied with Yakto was very high. 5. Yakto was expected to supply nitrate enough to meet amounts of nitrogen required by ginseng with different ages and also expected to increase in soil fertility, while bone meal was expected only to supply much nitrogen of which a considerable part was ammonium form.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 1996

Pseudomonas putida BM01 was grown efficiently on glucose as the sole carbon source with a supply of a nitrogen source in pH-stat mode using a low setpoint limit. A final cell concentration of 100 g/l was obtained in 30 h of fed-batch cultivation by controlling glucose concentration within the range of 5-20 g/l and maintaining dissolved oxygen tension above 10$%$ saturation using pure oxygen. This high cell density culture technique is believed highly useful for the production of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) by this strain.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.133-135
• /
• 2003

Cryogenic systems are requirement for the operation of HTS power cables. In general, HTS power cables require temperature below 77K, a temperature that can be achieved from the liquid nitrogen at latm or sub-cooled LN2 above latm. HTS power cable needs sufficient refrigeration to overcome its low temperature heat loading. This loading typically cones in two forms : (1) heat leaks from the surroundings and (2) internal heat generation. This paper explains the cooling test system of 10m HTS power cable. This system is composed of storage dewar, auto fill system, core cryostat and cold-box. Storage dewar is a LN2 storage tank and auto fill system is a LN2 supply device to the sub-cooler, Core cryostat is a LN2 flow line. Cold box is a control unit of temperature and flow rate. It is composed of control valve, flow meter, sub-cooler and circulation pump, etc..

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.443-449
• /
• 1999

This paper describe the working of algal culture system under batch and continuous feeding effluents in biological treatment process. The main objective of this study was the determination of fundamental opeating parameters such as dilution rates, light intensity, biomass concentration, nutrients contents, which engender an effective nutrient and organic waste removal process. The results of this research indicate that the algae system will remove effectively nutrient and organic waste. In batch cultures, 91.8% dissolved orthophosphate and 83.3% ammonia nitrogen were removed from the sewage in ten days. In continuous flow systems, a detention time of 2.5 days was found adequate to remove 91% T-P, 87% T-N and 95% $NH_3-N$. At 22-28$^{\circ}C$, 60 rpm, with an intensity of 3500 Lux, the specific growth rate, k was 0.59/day in batch experiments. The optimal growth temperature and nutrients rate (N/P) were respectively $25^{\circ}C$ and 3~5. With an abundant supply of untrients, it was possible to sustain substantial population densities in the temperature range of 22~28$^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.11b
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 2002

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are designed and analyzed for radial superconducting bearings. The designed SFDs are mounted on the superconductors submerged in liquid nitrogen such that the dampers should supply additional damping to the relatively underdamped superconducting bearing support . Basic theory of SFD assembled with superconductors is introduced. Rotordynamic simulations are provided to support the feasibility of the superconducting bearings mounted on SFDs for a horizontal flywheel energy storage system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2000

A depot encircled with contact oxidation canal has been developed to improve water qualityr. The depot is aimed to settle suspended solid in the flow. The oxidation canal is to contact the pollutants and oxygen in the surface of gravel filter to purify the water. The deposit of the pollutant in the depot is released by the drainage culvert located at the bottom of it. Aeration nozzle is installed to supply enough oxygen to the gravel filter layers in the bottom of the detent the flow and improve oxidation efficiency. From the experiment it is founded that 91% of SS, 39% of TN, 63% of TP and 77% of COD were removed in the system. The treatment efficiency of total nitrogen is rather lower than any other components, however, it would be higher when some floating vegetation is added in the primary clarifier. The depot and oxidation canal system would be useful to purify the flows in the mouth of the reservoirs or at the outlet of the drainage canal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.456-459
• /
• 2011

The Dual-type Solenoid Valve was developed for a domestic production of a fuel-supply valve on the satellite attitude control thruster system. The satellite valve using a hydrazine as a fuel must fulfill the cycle life, shock, vibration and the environment of an extremely low temperature In addition to the basic performance of the response time, mass flow and leakage etc.. in this paper, the design, production and performance experiment using the nitrogen pneumatic equipment were conducted.