• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2006

국내산 콩 품종 3종과 미국산 콩 2종(non-GMO 및 GMO glyphosate-tolerant HS2906)에 대하여 단백질함량과 분포의 차이를 아미노산 분석, 총 질소량, PAGE/densitometry법에 의 해 분석하였다. 아미노산 구성과 총 질소량에서 품종간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편 단백질 추출에서 SDS/buffer 추출법이 더 효과적이었다. 총 단백질함량(380.2-423.9 mg/g)과 단백질 분포는 품종간 유사하였으나. 상세 PACE(12.5% normal gel) 결과 재래종 콩(WS82)에 비해 제초제 저항성 GMO콩(HS2906)에서 beta conglycinin(55kDa) 양이 낮게 나타났으며, 25 kDa 단백질의 경우 미국산 콩에서는 관찰되지 못한 반면에 국내산 콩 품종에서는 뚜렷하게 관찰되었으며, ${\beta}$-conglycinin은 미국산 제초제 저항성 GMO콩과 국내산 황금콩에서 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 normal PAGE/densitometry 분석법은 콩시료 분석에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of various diseases in Korea. Present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of purple bamboo salt upon anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory activity and immune-enhance effect as well. Purple bamboo salt significantly inhibited the ear swelling response and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 in mice and rat peritoneal mast cells. Purple bamboo salt (0.01 ∼ lg/kg) also dose-dependently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by oral administration. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) in hibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 secretion, by 67.04${\pm}$0.08%, 68.01${\pm}$1.85%, 69.48${\pm}$0.54%, respectively. In addition, purple bamboo salt inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Finally, we investigated the effect of purple bamboo salt in the forced swimming test (FST) and the change of purple bamboo salt-mediated cytokine production from MOLT-4 cells. At the 7th, immobility time was significantly decreased in the purple bamboo salt-administration group (35.4 ${\pm}$5.9 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (93.2 ${\pm}$ 15.45). After FST, the content of glucose in the blood serum was increased and the levels of blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase was decreased in purple bamboo salt-administration group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of CK and TP level. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and IL-2 level compared with media control (about 3.7-fold for IFN-${\gamma}$, about 3.5-fold for IL-2, p〈0.05) but did not affect the IL-4.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2007

A glucose clamp technique was used to compare dietary starch (ST), starch plus sucrose (ST+SU) and sucrose (SU) with regard to the effect on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in intact adult male goats. The goats were fed diets containing 1.2 times of ME and CP for maintenance requirements twice daily for 21 d. Of the energy intake, 30% was offered with ST, ST+SU or SU for the respective diets, and 70% as alfalfa hay, ground corn and ground soybean meal at the respective weight ratio of 1, 1, and 0.3 for all diets. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion beyond 13 h after feeding. The concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also determined at 3, 6 and 13 h after feeding to evaluate the effects of different carbohydrates on metabolic states in the body. Plasma glucose concentration was higher (p = 0.01) for SU diet than for ST and ST+SU diets. Increasing SU intake decreased (p<0.01) plasma acetate concentration across the time. At 3 h but not 6 and 13 h after feeding, high lactate (p = 0.01), and non-significant high propionate (p = 0.14) and low urea nitrogen (p = 0.19) concentrations were observed in plasma on SU compared with ST and ST+SU diets. Plasma insulin concentration was not different (p = 0.44) between ST and SU fed animals. In the glucose clamp experiment, considering the effects on the maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin, p = 0.54) and the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity, p = 0.54), SU was not different from ST. It is concluded that SU may not be greatly different from ST with regard to the effect on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in adult goats when fed twice daily as part of a high-concentrate diet. The possible greater effects of SU on plasma metabolites concentrations at 3 h than at 6 and 13 h after feeding suggest that a lack of persistency of SU effects during the postfeeding period may be associated with the poor response to SU in insulin action.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1424-1436
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of banana flower powder (BAFLOP) supplementation on gas production kinetics and rumen fermentation efficiency in in vitro incubation with different ratios of roughage to concentrate in swamp buffalo and cattle rumen fluid. Two male, rumen fistulated dairy steers and swamp buffaloes were used as rumen fluid donors. The treatments were arranged according to a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design by using two ratios of roughage to concentrate (R:C; 75:25 and 25:75) and 3 levels of BAFLOP supplementation (0, 2 and 4% of dietary substrate) into two different kinds of rumen fluid (beef cattle and swamp buffalo). Under this investigation, the results revealed that the rumen ecology was affected by R:C ratio. The pH declined as a result of using high concentrate ratio; however, supplementation of BAFLOP could buffer the pH which led to an improvement of ruminal efficiency. BAFLOP supplementation affected acetic acid (C2) when the proportion of concentrate was increased. However, there were no effect on total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and butyric acid (C4) by BAFLOP supplementation. The microbial community was affected by BAFLOP supplementation, especially the bacterial population. As revealed by real-time PCR, the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus were reduced by the high concentrate treatments while that of R. flavafaciens were increased. The populations of three dominant cellulolytic bacteria were enhanced by BAFLOP supplementation, especially on high concentrate diet. BAFLOP supplementation did not influence the ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration, while R:C did. In addition, the in vitro digestibility was improved by either R:C or BAFLOP supplementation. The BAFLOP supplementation showed an effect on gas production kinetics, except for the gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (c), while treatments with high concentrate ratio resulted in the highest values. In addition, BAFLOP tended to increase gas production. Based on this study, it could be concluded that R:C had an effect on rumen ecology both in buffalo and cattle rumen fluid and hence, BAFLOP could be used as a rumen buffering agent for enhancing rumen ecology fed on high concentrate diet. It is recommended that level of BAFLOP supplementation should be at 2 to 4% of total dry matter of substrate. However, in vivo trials should be subsequently conducted to investigate the effect of BAFLOP in high concentrate diets on rumen ecology as well as ruminant production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of pelleted and expanded sorghum-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels and particle size of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. Methods: The experiment was performed with 720 male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain, with treatments of six replications, with 15 birds each; they were arranged in a completely randomized design and $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial scheme (pelleted or expanded feed processing, 0.8% or 1.6% moisture addition in the mixer, and particle size of 650 or 850 microns). Results: Higher pellet quality (pellets, % and pellet durability index [PDI]) was obtained in expanded diets and inclusion of 1.6% moisture. The particle size of 850 microns increased the PDI of final diet. All studied treatments had no significant effect on weight gain and broiler carcass and cut yields. Lower feed conversion occurred for birds fed pelleted feed at 42 d. The highest apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of feed in the initial rearing phase (10 to 13 days) were observed in birds fed pelleted feed or for feed prepared with 1.6% moisture. The highest ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids were obtained with the consumption of pelleted feed prepared with a particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture. Conclusion: Pelleted feed prepared with a milling particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture provided increased ileal digestibility of amino acids and AMEn in the starter period. However, the expanded feed improved pellet quality and feed conversion of broilers at 42 days of age. We conclude that factors such as moisture, particle size and processing affect the pellet quality, and therefore should be considered when attempting to optimize broiler performance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupuncture on renal damage in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods : ICR male mice were stabilized for a week and divided into four groups: a normal mice group(N), no-acupuncture diabetic mice group(Control), $LR_3$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($LR_3$), and $SP_6$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($SP_6$). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(150 mg/kg) in citrate buffer(pH 4.5). For two weeks, $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupunctures were administered bilaterally at each point once a day. After two weeks, the animals' weight was measured and they underwent a laparotomy. Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured from the blood taken from the heart. We measured glucose, reactive oxygen species(ROS), peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) in the kidney and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutases(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and Interleukin-1 beta(IL-$1{\beta}$). Results : BUN significantly decreased in $LR_3$, $SP_6$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ showed significantly decreased glucose compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in ROS and $ONOO^-$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ significantly decreased in TBARS compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly increased in expressions of SOD-1, catalase, and GPx compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in COX-2 compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly decreased in IL-$1{\beta}$ compared to the control group. Conclusions : This study suggests that $LR_3$ acupuncture may be effective in controlling glucose and lipid peroxidation and that $SP_6$ acupuncture may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2002

A case-controlled, 12 week follow-up, study was designed to investigate the effect of dietician-delivered medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on the nutritional status and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Subjects were recruited at Kyung-Hee Medical Center and were randomly assigned to two groups : the control and the MNT group. The MNT group received individualized MNT for 12 weeks. The results were as follows: 1) The mean ages of the control (n = 20) and MNT (n = 24) groups were 50.6 $\pm$ 14.8 and 45.7 $\pm$ 14.0 years, and the mean durations of dialysis were 2.3 $\pm$ 2.3 and 1.7 $\pm$ 1.9 years, respectively. The interdialysis weight gain of the subjects was higher than that recommended. 2) The indicators of the subjects nutritional status showed that S to 25% of the subjects had some degree of malnutrition, with most of them in the mild malnutrition category. 3) After 12 weeks of the experiment, the percentage of the ideal body weight (% IBW) of the control group decreased, but that of the MNT group increased. Changes in other anthropometric parameters in both groups during the study period were not significantly different. 4) At the beginning of the study, the 54% of the MNT group consumed more than 28 kcal/kg body weight/day and 50% consumed more than 1.0g protein/kg body weight/day. However, these percentages rose to 71% and 75%, respectively, after 12 weeks of the individualized MNT. 5) The serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of the control group decreased significantly artier 12 weeks of the experiment, while those of the MNT group did not change. 6) After 12 weeks of individualized MNT, the mean score of nutrition knowledge and total mean score of quality of life (QL) of the MNT group were significantly higher than that of th\ulcorner control group. Body pain and social functioning scores of the MNT group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The positive effect of individualized MNT on the hemodialysis patients consisted of their improved nutritional status, nutritional knowledge, and the quality of life. These results suggest that individualized MNT continuously performed by a dietitian can be helpful for hemodialysis patients. However, larger and longer term studies are needed to confirm these positive effects of MNT. In addition, the development of nutritional education programs for MNT is needed to increase the positive impact of MNT.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2015

본 연구는 소옥천 호소화 수역의 퇴적물 깊이별 오염도를 조사하고, 표층 퇴적토양을 대상으로 인 용출특성을 실험한 것이다. 퇴적물의 총인 농도는 전 구간에서 대청호 준설 환경기준 1.5mg/g을 초과하였고, T-N은 팔당호 준설기준 1.1 mg/g은 초과하였으나 대청호 준설기준 3.0mg/g보다는 낮게 나타났다. 준설구역은 소옥천 추소수역(WS-6~WS-12)이 적절하다고 판단하였다. 퇴적물 깊이별 오염도 조사 결과 강열감량은 깊이에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 총질소는 깊이에 따른 농도 분포 패턴은 나타나지 않았다. 총인 역시 지점과 깊이별로 농도 변이가 적고 특별한 경향성을 보이지 않았다. 소옥천 호저 퇴적물에서 총인의 용출률은 혐기성 조건에서 $7.2{\sim}15.4mg/m^2/d$, 호기성 조건에서는 $0.5{\sim}2.0mg/m^2/d$, 통기성 조건에서는 $2.0{\sim}4.1mg/m^2/d$의 범위로 산정되었다. 혐기성 조건에서 퇴적 표토층의 총인 농도와 용출률의 관계는 결정계수($R^2$)가 0.7871로 나타나 정상관성을 보이고 있다. 또 반응조의 용존산소 농도와 총인 용출률의 관계는 결정계수($R^2$)가 0.8824인 높은 역상관성을 보였다. 퇴적물의 오염도와 반응조건에 따라 용출률이 크게 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 추소수역에 대한 수중 용존산소 농도 및 퇴적 표토층의 총인 함량과 총인 용출률과의 관계를 해석하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제12권
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• pp.37-41
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• 1972

본 실험은 일반적으로 인산성분이 부족한 신개척박지에서 대두를 재배하는 경우 증수 가능한 적정 인산시비량을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 품종 <익산>을 공시하여 휴폭 60cm 주간 30cm의 재식거리로 점파하였으며 시비는 질소와 가리는 각구 공히 표준시비량만을 시용하고 인산성분만은 무비료구, 표준시비량구, 이배비구 및 삼배비구 등 사개시비수준으로 구분하였으며 시험구배치는 난괴법을 적용하였다. 그 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 협수 및 10a당 수량을 증가시키는데 유효한 적정 인산시비량은 표준시비량만으로 충분하다는 사실을 인정하였다. (2) 간장 및 경직경은 동일 시비 수준 동일 반복구내의 개체들 간에서도 변이가 심하여 인산시비량의 다소에 따르는 일정한 경향을 찾아 볼 수가 없었다. (3) $0.18\ell$ 중 및 $0.18\ell$ 입수도 인산시비량의 다소에 의해서 영향되는 바가 적은 것으로 인정하였다. (4) 천입중은 인산시비량이 이배비량에 이르기 까지는 현저하게 증가함을 인정하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.106-117
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• 2006

We measured the concentrations of organic matter and metallic elements (Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor (in the southern sea, Korea) to evaluate the geochemical characters of sediment and the pollutions by organic matter and metallic elements. The mean grain size of the surface sediments in the study area ranged from $5.6{\phi}$ to $7.8{\phi}$, indicating silt sediment. The water content of the surface sediments exceeded 60% except at some stations. The contents of ignition loss (IL), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 7.2-14.3%, 1.2-3.2%, and 0.10-0.28%, respectively. Based on the C/N ratios, the organic matter in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor may originate from terrigenous sources including fluvial inputs (mainly sewage in urban areas). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) ranged from $11.3-29.9\;mgO_2/g\;dry$ and 0.20-4.47 mgS/g dry, respectively, and low concentrations were observed near a shipping route. In addition, the concentrations of metallic elements showed large spatial variations in Masan Harbor and the distributions of metallic elements were also comparable to those of organic matter. This implies that the distributions of organic matter and metallic elements in the surface sediments of Masan Harbor are mainly controlled by biogenic matter and artificial action (mainly dredging). In addition, we calculated the enrichment facto. (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) in order to evaluate pollution by metallic elements. The enrichment of metallic elements relative to Al was three to eighteen times higher at the study sites, compared to levels in the Earth's crust except for Fe, Ni and Mn. In addition, the Igeo class indicated that the surface sediments in the study area were moderately to strongly polluted in terms of metallic elements.