• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.451-454
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• 2003

Nonpoint source pollution of groundwater and subsurface water from irrigated agriculture is a major concern in many areas. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of the water applied by irrigation in agricultural area on the transport of nitrogen and phosphorus originated from fertilizers applied to the surface of soil in agricultural activities. We first conducted investigation on the resdual concentrations of soil N and P in a selected agricultural area. And simulating the target area by column studies in the laboratory leaching extent of various components from the composite and urea fertilizers applied on the soil surface during irrigation was studied. Infiltration of water enhanced the leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus in both the rice paddy field soil and the patch soil. The downward N and P transport with infiltrating water was more pronounced in the patch soil column and the increased residual concentrations of N and P in the lower sections in the patch soil column was found with time.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2007

축구장의 식재지반이 모래로 조성될 경우 낮은 보비력과 높은 용탈율로 인해 시비관리의 조정이 필요하다. 본 실험의 목적은 PVC관을 이용한 경기장 유사모형 실험구에서 캔터키 블루그래스에 있어서 완효성비료의 생육 효과를 비교 실험하였다. 잔디의 색깔, 균일도, 생육, 지상부 생체량과배출수의 질산의 유출량을 몇 가지 다른 생육상과 네 번의 유사 강우 시험 시 행하였다. 실험 결과 요소의 성분 유출량이 가장 높았고 공시 완효성비료는 가장 낮았다. 이 완효성 비료는 다른 공시 잔디비료에 비해 14일간, 요소보다는 28일간 잔디의 품질 면에서 비효가 지속되었다. 또한 이 완효성비료는 잔디의 웃자람과 잔디깎기에 소요되는 시간을 줄일 수 있었다. 질산태 질소의 유출에 있어서도 잔디의 조성 초반기에 50% 정도를 감소 시켰다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

환경문제를 야기 시킬수 있는 질소의 용탈에 관한 문제는 수많은 연구를 통해 그 결과를 문헌에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 질소의 토양내 용탈에 관해서 이루어진 반면에 토양의 답압과 토양의 종류에 따라 질소의 용탈 정도에 관한 연구는 그 결과를 문헌에서 찾아 보기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 토양의 종류와 답압의 정도가 질소의 용탈에 미치는 영향 그리고 토양에 잔류된 질소가 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에 주는 영향에 대해서 알아보기 위하여 수행 되었다. 질소는 총 147 kg $ha^{-1}$이 12주 동안 3회에 걸쳐 나누어 시비되었다. 토양의 종류는 성분비율에 따라 76.0:24.0, 80.8:19.2, 87.0:13.0 그리고 93.7:6.3% (sand:soil)의 4가지로 구성이 되었다. 토양은 PVC 파이프에 30 cm 깊이로 조성이 되었으며 토양층 밑에 5 cm의 자갈층으로 구성되었다. PVC 파이프 밑부분의 구멍을 통해 질소용탈수의 수집을 용이하게 하였으며 질소외 영양성분을 위해 Hoagland solution에서 질소만 제외하여 사용되었다. 켄터키블루그래스의 질과 예초량이 매주 측정이 되었으며 예초물은 건물량 측정을 위해 예초후 67도에서 24시간 동안 건조되었다. 질소용탈수는 매주 PVC 파이프의 밑부분을 통해 매주 수집이 되었다. 6.1 J $cm^{-2}$ 이상의 답압에너지는 더 많은 표면배수의 가능성을 야기 시킬 수 있다. 3.0과 6.1 J $cm^{-2}$ 사이의 답압에너지는 다른 처리구에 비해 더 많은 건물량이 측정이 되었고 적은 질소가 용탈이 되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1998

Adsorption and leaching characteristics of the artificial soils produced from water and wastewater treatment sludges were examined. The batch adsorption test and TCLP leaching test were used, and constituents of interest were heavy metals and nutrients. As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd were analyzed for metals, and nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed for nutrients. All the artificial soils showed strong adsorption and low leaching for the heavy metals, which implies that the artificial soils may not be hazardous to the environment due to heavy metals and even they can be utilized effectively to remove metals in solution like mine and industrial wastewaters. This is quite promising result because in most case heavy metals are the most concern in the application of sludge product to the farmland. For the nutrients, generally, artificial soils showed high adsorption and low leaching except artificial soil from wastewater sludge produced by low temperature firing. The artificial soils produced from water treatment sludge were active in adsorbing nutrients and showed low leaching that they can be practically used to remove nutrients in advanced treatment process of the wastewater. The artificial soils produced from wastewater treatment sludge were less active in adsorbing nutrients and showed high teaching. However, they could be used usefully if applied properly to the plant growing because of their fertilizing effect. Based on the test results, overall, the artificial soils were thought to be not hazardous to the environment and they could be more useful if applied properly.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2003

Effect of Nutrient Concentrations, fertigation frequency, and learching percentage on crop growth and nutrient concentrations in root media were evaluated. The treatment of each irrigation with $50 mg.L^{-1}$ of nitrogen in stage 2 and increase to $80 mg.L^{-1}$ nitrogen in stage 3 had the highest crop growth at 34 days after sowing among treatments tested. Feeding with low nutrient concentrations and elevated frequency decreased crop growth. In treatments of each leaching percentage, feeding with low nutrient concentrations and elevated frequency resulted in increased tissue nutrient contents. The less tissue potassium content and higher calcium and magnesium contents were observed in treatment of 50% leach than those in 0% leach. All treatment tested had soil solution pH higher than 6.8. Electrical conductivity in treatments of 50% leach were lower than those of 0% leach. Feeding with low nutrient concentrations and elevated feeding frequency in each leaching percentage resulted in increased electrical conductivity in soil solution of root media. Trends of medium nutrient concentrations were similar to those of electrical conductivity.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

The feasibility of HWS for agricultural use was analyzed through a crop cultivation test to utilize the hydroponic waste solution (HWS) generated from the nutriculture greenhouse. The fertilizing effect of HWS was assessed on the basis of the inorganic nitrogen (N) mostly existed in HWSs, and nitrogen (urea) fertilizer. Lettuce was selected as the target crop influenced by the soil treatment and also for the crop cultivation test. Thus, the change in growth characteristics of lettuce and that in chemical characteristics of the soil were investigated. In terms of the growth of lettuce, the C control group with 70% nitrogen (urea) fertilizer and 30% HWS and the D control group with 50% nitrogen (urea) fertilizer and 50% HWS were more effective than the practice control group (B) with 100% nitrogen (urea) fertilizer. The results of this study confirmed the combined applicability of the chemical fertilizer and HWS for crop cultivation. Because NO₃-N present in HWS has a high possibility of leaching into the soil, its applicability as a fertilizer has been considered to be relatively low in Korea. However, if an appropriate mixing ratio of urea fertilizer and HWS could be applied, the problems associated with leaching of nitrate nitrogen could be reduced with beneficial effects on crop cultivation. Thus, future studies are required on the treatment effect of HWS with repeated cultivation, impact assessment on the surrounding environment, and appropriate fertilization methods using nitrogen (urea) fertilizer and HWS. These studies would facilitate the sustainable recycling of HWS.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.279-281
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• 2003

This study is intended to give information on agricultural nonpoint source pollution and transport related to fertilizer application and irrigation practice. Field-simulated soil columns were set up and leaching studies on fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus were performed. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the leachate showed different trends in each column and nonpoint source pollution in agricultural areas may be expected to depend on planted crops, soil conditions, and climate as well as irrigation and fertilizing management.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1994

The relationship between microbial activity and physico-chemical characteristics of golf course soils were investigated in Kyonggi Province with different open years. The increasing tendency of soil PH with depth seemed to the result of mineral leaching. Exchangeable $Ca^2$+ , $Mg^2$+ and K+ showed relatively higher concentration in lower horizon indicating the leaching of minerals. The minerals were heavily leached in older golf course. There was a significant positive correlation between pH and $Ca^2$+.The contents of organic matters, total nitrogen and phosphorus were high in higher horizon.Dehydrogenase activity(DHA) and the content of ATP were determined as an index of soil microbial activity. DHA value was significantly different with golf club as well as golf courses ac-cording todifferent open year. This indicates that DHA was affected by several fertilizertreatments rather than herbicide pesticide treatments. DHA was positively correlated with water holding capacity and total nitrogen. The content of ATP was high in fairway and in golf course with older open year, showing the similar tendency with the results of DHA.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1995

이질 1개월전 시비 후 물관리방법에 따른 대소의 동태 및 이용효율을 비종별로 검토하고자 복비 노적인 13-10-11(F-1), 수도기 비용복합비료인 21-17-17(F-2), 벼 복합비료인 15-10-10(F-3)를 공시하여, 30일간 무항수(0dF), 10일 담수한 다음 20일 방치 (10dF), 20일 담수한 다음 10일 방치(20dF), 30일 담수(30dF)하는 처리를 하였으며 시비후 30일부터는 모든 처리에 계속 담수를 하는 방법으로 물관리를 하면서 침투수로 변탈된 질소량, 토양의 무기태질소량를 정량하였고, 대기중으로 손실된 질소량을 추정하였다. 담수기간 중 관개수의 침투율은 2.5mm/일로 하였다 벼의 대소 이용효율은 시비후 40일에 이질하고 관수상태에서 벼를 재배하여 이앙후 72일에 평가하였다 1. 침투수의 pH는 천수기간이 길수록 상승하였으며, F-2에서 가장 높았고, F-1과 F-3간에는 차이가 없었다. 2. F-1의 토양중 전질소함량은 초기에는 완만히 감소하였으나 지속적으로 감소하였고, F와 F는 초기에 급속히 감소한 후 완만히 감소하였으며, 담수처리기간이 길수록 전질소 함양은 빨리 감소하였다. 3. 시비 63일 후에 토양에 남아 있는 무기태질소의 시용대소에 대 한 비 을은 F-1, F-2, F-3에서 각각 23, 29, 29.1%였고, 무담수처리는 45.0%, 10dF, 20dF, 30dF에서 는 각각 26.6, 24.8, 20.3%로 담수처리기간이 짧을수록 높았다. 4. 시비후 63일동안 침투수로 호탈된 질소의 시용질소에 대한 비을은 F-1, F-2, F-3에서 각각 51.3, 32.1, 48.1%였으며, 담수직후 급격히 유실되었고, 0dF, 10dF. 20dF, 30dF에서 각각 25.7, 29.8, 32.7, 35.8%로 담수기간이 길수록 높았다. 5. 시비한 다음 벼 이앙 72일후까지 시용질소의 손실량은 F-1>F-2>F-3의 순으로 많았는데, F-1은 침투수에 의한 손실이 가장 많았고 휘산에 의한 손실도 많았으며 F-2는 휘산에 의한 손실이 특히 많았기 때문이었다. 6. 시비한 다음 벼 이앙 72일후까지 물관리 방법에 따른 시용질소의 손실량은 20dF$\geq$30dF>10dF>0dF의 순으로 많았는데, 20dF는 휘산에 의한 손실이 가장 많았고 침투수에 의한 손실도 많았으며, 30dF는 침투수에 의한 질소의 손실이 가장 많았기 때문이었다. 7 이앙 후 72일간 벼 지상부에 의한 시용질소이용율은 F-1, F-2, F-3에서 각각 23.2, 24.7,27.4%였고, 0dF, 10dF, 20dF, 30dF에서 는 각각 34.1, 25.5, 21.1, 21.2%로 담수기간이 짧을수록 높았다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2024

Subsurface drainage improves crop productivity in poorly drained soils but may also substantially contribute impairment of surface water quality due to excess leaching losses of nutrients like Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO₃-N). This research presents preliminary findings from a 3-years tile depth and spacing study in Illinois state that includes three drain spacings implemented in 2 plots. We found that the plot with the narrower subsurface drainage (Case 1) exported more drainage water compared to the plot with the narrower subsurface drainage system (Case 2). The total drainage water from Case 1 plot showed 57% more compared to Case 2 plot. Whereas we observed that the plot with narrower drain spacing (Case 1) exported only 9% more NO₃-N leaching losses compared to the wider plot (Case 2). The average corn yield was observed higher in plot Case 1 compared to Case 2. Especially, we observed about 7% higher corn yield in plot Case 1 compared to Case 2 plot in the relatively dried year (2022). The preliminary findings for this study suggest that subsurface drainage systems can be optimized to reduce nutrient losses while improving the crop productivity.