• 제목/요약/키워드: nitrogen fertilizer rate

검색결과 500건 처리시간 0.023초

Incorporation Effect of Green Manure Crops on Improvement of Soil Environment on Saemangeum Reclaimed Land during Silage Corn Cultivation

  • Yang, Chang-Hyu;Lee, Jang-Hee;Baek, Nan-Hyun;Shin, Pyeong;Cho, Kwang-Min;Lee, Sang-Bok;Lee, Gyeong-Bo
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제46권3호
    • /
    • pp.187-192
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

Evaluation of the Amount of Nitrogen Top Dressing Based on Ground-based Remote Sensing for Leaf Perilla (Perilla frutescens) under the Polytunnel House

  • Kang, Seong-Soo;Sung, Jwa-Kyung;Gong, Hyo-Young;Jung, Hyung-Jin;Kim, Yoo-Hak;Hong, Soon-Dal
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제49권5호
    • /
    • pp.598-607
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of nitrogen (N) top dressing based on the normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) by ground based sensors for leaf perilla under the polyethylene house. Experimental design was the randomized complete block design for five N fertilization levels and conventional fertilization with 3 and 4 replications in Gumsan-gun and Milyang-si field, respectively. Dry weight (DW), concentration of N, and amount of N uptake by leaf perilla as well as NDVIs from sensors were measured monthly. Difference of growth characteristics among treatments in Gumsan field was wider than Milyang. SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter reading explained 43.4% of the variability in N content of leaves in Gumsan field at $150^{th}$ day after seedling (DAS) and 45.9% in Milyang at $239^{th}$ DAS. Indexes of red sensor (RNDVI) and amber sensor (ANDVI) at $172^{th}$ day after seedling (DAS) in Gumsan explained 50% and 57% of the variability in N content of leaves. RNDVI and ANDVI at $31^{th}$ DAS in Milyang explained 60% and 65% of the variability in DW of leaves. Based on the relationship between ANDVI and N application rate, ANDVI at $172^{th}$ DAS in Gumsan explained 57% of the variability in N application rate but non significant relationship in Milyang field. Average sufficiency index (SI) calculated from ratio of each measurement index per maximum index of ANDVI at $172^{th}$ DAS in Gumsan explained 73% of the variability in N application rate. Although the relationship between NDVIs and growth characteristics was various upon growing season, SI by NDVIs of ground based remote sensors at top dressing season was thought to be useful index for recommendation of N top dressing rate of leaf perilla.

Growth, Yield and Grain Quality affected by Seeding Rates and Fertilizing Combinations in Spring-sown Jinyangbori

  • Kim, Dae-Ho;Kim, Su-Kyeong;Kim, Eun-Seok;Song, Guen-Woo;Kang, Dong-Ju
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제45권2호
    • /
    • pp.73-78
    • /
    • 2000
  • This study was conducted for 2 years at Chinju region to establish suitable seeding rate and fertilizing levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in spring-sown Jinyangbori. Heading and maturing were delayed by increasing fertilizers, especially nitrogen. Number of spikes per were secured by much seeding and increased application of nitrogen. One thousand grain weight reduced with increasing fertilization at any seeding rate. Relatively high harvest indices were observed with 12-10-4 at 10kg. 10a$^{-l}$ seeds planted, followed by 6-10-8 at 15 kgㆍ 10a$^{-1}$, and 6-10-4kgㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ at 20kg ㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ of N-P-K fertilizing combinations, respectively. There was no distinct differences on yield for various seeding rates in spring-sown barley. When seeding rate increased up to 15kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$, the positive effect of fertilizers was recognized as the function of balanced-application. It was possible to recommend 10kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as seeding rate and 6-5-4(N-P-K)kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as fertilizing combination in spring-time seeding considering low input and sustainable agriculture. There was no significant difference of protein content in grain by seeding rate. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced protein content in grain.

  • PDF

논토양에서 질소비종 및 벼 재배양식이 메탄가스 발생에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Cultural Patterns on Methane Emission From Rice Paddy Fields)

  • 고지연;강항원;강위금;박향미;임동규;박경배
    • 한국환경농학회지
    • /
    • 제17권3호
    • /
    • pp.227-233
    • /
    • 1998
  • 논토양에서 질소비종 및 재배양식에 따른 메탄배출양상과 질소비종이 담수토양의 pH와 Eh에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 중묘이앙재배에서 질소비종에 따른 메탄배출총량은 요소 32.9g $m^{-2}$ > 유안 30.3 > 완효성비료 26.4g $m^{-2}$의 순이었으며, 건답직파재배에서는 요소 24.7g $m^{-2}$ > 유안 16.7g $m^{-2}$ > 완효성비료 22.8g $m^{-2}$의 순이었다. 2. 질소비종에 따른 메탄배출량은 요소시비구보다 유안은 18.4%, 안효성비료는 15.9% 저감되었다. 3. 재배양식별로는 건답직파재배는 중묘이앙재배보다 29.7%의 메탄발생량이 저감되었다. 4. 질소비종에 따른 담수토양의 pH는 요소>완효성비료${\fallingdotseq}$무비>유안의 순으로 높았는데 이는 질소비종별 메탄배출량의 순서와 일치하였다. 토양 Eh는 유안>완효성비료>무비>요 소의 순으로 높아 pH 및 메탄배출량과 반대경향이었으며, 토양용액내 $SO_{4}$ 농도는 유안>완효성비료>요소>무비의 순으로 높았다.

  • PDF

질소시용, 예초 및 재식밀도가 한국잔디(Zoysia Japonica Steud)의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Studies on the growth of Korea Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)in Reponse to Nitrogen Application, Clipping Treatment and Plant Density)

  • 심재성
    • 자연과학논문집
    • /
    • 제1권
    • /
    • pp.61-113
    • /
    • 1987
  • The increasing emphasis placed on the production of fine turf for lawns, golf courses, parks, and other recreational sites has led to many unsolved problems as to how such turf could be best established and mainteined. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted under con ditions of pot and field. The results obtained were as follows EXPERIMENT I. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping interval on Zoysia japonica. 1. Increasing the rate of nitrogen and frequent clipping increased tiller number of Zoysis japonica and the maximum number of tillers were obtained from 700 kg N application and freqnent clippings (10 days interval ) in October. Treatment of 350kg N with 10 days clipping interval increased tillers much more than those of 700 kgN with 20 and 30 days clipping intervals. 2. The average number of green leaves occurred during the growth period maximized by applying 700 kg N and clipping 10 days interval. 3. Increasing tiller numbers significantly decreased tops DM weight per tiller by clipping plants at interval of 10 and 20 days, irrespective of nitrogen applied, and with nil N, at the interval of 30 days. By applying 700 kg N, however, top DM weight per tiller increased as the number of tillers increased consistently. 4. The highest top DM weight was achieved from late August to early September by applying 350 and 700kgN. 5. During the growth period, differences in unders ( stolon + root ) DM weight occurred bynitrogen application were found between nil N and two applied nitrogen levels, whereas, at the same level of nitrogen applied, the increase in stolon DM weight enhanced by lengthening the clipping interval to 30 days. 6. Nitrogen efficiency to green leaves, stolon nodes and DM weight of root with high nitrogen was achieved as clipping interval was shortened. 7. By increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate applied, N content n the leaves and stems of Zoysiajaponica was increased. On the other hand, N content in root and stolon had little effect onfertilizer nitrogen, resulting in the lowest content among plant fractions. The largest content of N was recorded in leaves. Lengthening the clipping interval from 10 or 20 to 30 days tends to decrease the N content in the leaves and stems, whereas this trend did not appeared in stolon androot. 8. A positive correlations between N and K contents in tops and stolon were established andthus K content increased as N content in tops and stolon increased. Meanwhile, P content was not affected by N and clipping treatments. 9. Total soluble carbohydrate content in Zoysia japonica was largest in stolon and stem, and was reduced by increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. Reduction in total soluble carbohydrate due to increased nitrogen rate was severer in the stolons and stems than in the leaves. 10. Increasing the rate of nitrogen applied increased the number of small and large vascular bundles in leaf blade, but shortened distance among the large vascular bundles. Shortening the clipping interval resulted in increase of the number of large vascular bundles but decrease ofdistance between large vascular bundles.EXPERIMENT II. Growth response of Zoysia japonica imposed by different plant densities. 1. Tiller numbers per unit area increased as plant density heightened. Differences in num ber between densities at higher densities than 120 D were of no significance. 2. Tiller numbers per clone attained by 110 days after transplanting were 126 at 40D,77 at 80D, 67 at 120D, 54 at 160D, and 41 at 200D. A decreasing trend of tiller numbers per clone with increasing density was noticable from 100 days after transplanting onwards. 3. During the growth period, the greatest number of green leaves per unit area were attainedin 90days after transplanting at 160D and 200D, and 100 days after transplanting at 40D, 80Dand 120D. Thus the period to reach the maximum green leaf number with the high plantdensity was likely to be earlier that with the low plant density. 4. Stolon growth up to 80 days after transplaning was relatively slow, but from 80 daysonwards, the growth quickened to range from 1.9 m/clone at 40D to 0.6m/clone at 200Din 200 days after transplanting, these followed by the stolon node produced. 5. Plant density did not affect stolon weight/clone and root weight/clone until 80 daysafter transplanting. 6. DM weight of root was heavier in the early period of growth than that of stolon, butthis trend was reversed in the late period of growth : DM weight of stolon was much higherthan that of root.EXPERIMENT Ill. Vegetative growth of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella as affected by nitrogen and clipping height. 1. When no nitrogen was applied to Zoysia japonica, leaf blade which appeared during theAugust-early September period remained green for a perid of about 10 weeks and even leavesemerged in rate September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks asnitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of Zoysia matrella which emerged during the mid August-earlySeptember period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that thelife-spen of individual leaf of Zoysia matrella may be longer than that of Zoysia japorica. Clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July-August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weightof Zoysia japonica were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with twolevel of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September ; no effect of nitrogen wasappeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Greenleaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influencedby nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2-3 stolons. However, 1st branch stoIon asaffected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolons. 4. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused bythe primary stolons. By applying nitrogen, the primary stolons of Zoysia japonica waslonger than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1stbranch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In Zoysia matrella, 1st branch stolons were muchlonger than the primary stolon when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clippingthere was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 5. Stolon nodes of both Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella were positively influenced by nit rogen, but no particular increase by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in Zoysiamatrella. Although the stolon of Zoysia japonica grew until late October, the growthstimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that by nil N.

  • PDF

부산물 활용 발효 유기질비료가 배추 수량 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향 (Application Effects of Fermented Mixed Organic Fertilizer Utilizing By-Products on Yield of Chinese Cabbage and Soil Environment)

  • 안난희;이상민;오은미;이초롱;공민재
    • 유기물자원화
    • /
    • 제28권4호
    • /
    • pp.77-85
    • /
    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 아주까리유박을 주원료로 제조하는 유기질비료의 대체자재 개발 목적으로 제조한 혼합유기질 발효비료의 양분공급 효과 검증을 위해 시용 후 배추의 생육 및 토양 특성을 혼합유박과 비교 분석하였다. 혼합유기질 발효비료는 미강, 주정박, 참깨박, 어분의 혼합비율을 달리하여 비료성분이 질소 5.0, 인산 2.6, 칼리 1.4%인 비료 2종(FA, FB)를 제조하였다. 본 시험은 무처리, 혼합유박, 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구로 설정하였으며, 배추의 질소시비량(320 kg ha-1)을 기준으로 혼합유기질 발효비료 A와 B는 100%, 200% 수준, 혼합유박 100% 설정하여 시비하였다. 배추 생육 및 수량 조사결과, 혼합유기질 발효비료의 시용량이 증가하면 생육과 수량도 증가하였다. 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리와 혼합유박 100% 시용구의 생육은 처리간의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 생산량은 FA 100% 처리구가 혼합유박과 대등한 수량을 보였다. 배추의 질소이용효율은 처리구에 따라 20~31% 이었으며, FA 100% 처리가 혼합유박과 대등한 질소흡수량과 이용효율을 보였다. 재배 후 토양 화학성은 pH, EC, 토양유기물 및 유효인산 함량은 처리간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 치환성양이온 함량은 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구가 높아졌다. 또한 토양의 세균 밀도는 무비구에 비해 비료 처리구가 높았으며, 혼합유기질 발효비료 시용량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 위의 결과를 통해 수입유박 대체자재로 혼합유기질 발효비료 FA가 혼합유박과 유사한 양분공급 효과가 있으며 경제적이고 친환경적인 양분관리를 위해 적정시비량 설정 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

고질소 및 저 칼륨 양액처리시 시금치내의 비타민C및 질소 대사의 변화 (Changes in the Nitrate Assimilation and Ascorbic Acid Content of Spinach Plants Treatmented with Nutrient Solutions Containing High Nitrogen and Low Potassium)

  • 박양호;서범석
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제42권4호
    • /
    • pp.301-306
    • /
    • 2009
  • 이 연구의 목적은 건강한 작물과 시들은 식물의 질소대사와 아스코리빈산 함량의 차이를 비교하는것에 있다. 시듬은 인공적으로 유도되었으며, 그방은 질소과다 시비 및 저칼륨 시비에 의한 것으로4개의 처리구를 두었다. 1N-1P-1K (control), 6N-1P-0K (0K), 6N-1P-0.5K (0.5K), and 6N-1P-2K (2K). 시듬 정도는 control, 0%; 2K, 10%; 0.5K, 40%; and 0K, 70%. 식물 생장에는 고질소 저 칼륨 처리구에서는 그리 큰 차이가 없었으며 질산태질소의 함량은 control 구와 비교하여 고 질소 처리구가 높았으며, 아스코리빈 산 함량은 고질소 처리구가 control구에 비하여 낮았음을 확인 할수 있었다.

폐지섬유를 이용한 완효성 요소비료의 특성 (Chemical Properties of Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Using Waste Paper Slurry)

  • 김복진;백준호;이병근
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제33권2호
    • /
    • pp.109-113
    • /
    • 2000
  • 폐지섬유 내로 요소를 침적시켜 폐지섬유 내에 침투된 요소성분이 토양 중에서 서서히 용출됨으로써 작물의 요구에 알맞게 양분을 서서히 공급함과 동시에 이들 폐지섬유도 분해되도록 개발된 완효성 요소비료(시제품)의 화학적 특성, 미세구조 및 수중 질소용출량을 조사한 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 시제품의 화학적 조성은 질소가 26%, 인산, 가리는 각각 0.04. 0.01%였으며, 함유된 유해성분들 중에 크롬, 구리 납 등은 검출되었지만 비료공정규격 이하였으며, 비소와 카드뮴은 검출되지 않았다. 폐지섬유와 시제품의 구조를 주사전자 현미경(SEM)으로 확대해 보면 폐지섬유의 내부에는 빈 공간이 보이지만, 시제품에서는 폐지섬유의 셀룰로오스성 -OH기에 극성의 요소성분이 달라붙어 있었으며, 세포벽에 요소가 침적된 모습이 보인다. 시제품의 수중 질소용출량은 12시간까지는 60.4%로 급격하게 용출량이 많았으나, 그 후 서서히 용출되어 72시간에 75%까지 용출되었다.

  • PDF

질소 추비시용이 밀 수발아 억제에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Additional Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Decreasing of Preharvest Sprouting in Winter Wheat)

  • 김영진;김학신;강천식;김경훈;현종내;김기종;박기훈
    • 한국작물학회지
    • /
    • 제58권2호
    • /
    • pp.169-176
    • /
    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 질소 추비 시용수준을 달리한 비배관리가 수발아에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 금강밀과 조경밀을 공시하여 질소 추비 처리 수준별로 출수기, 생육, 종실특성 및 수발아 관련 형질을 비교하였다. 질수수준 증가에 따라 간장, 수장, 경수 및 영화수가 증가했으나, 임실율은 2010년에는 질소 50% 증비(108 kg N/ha)에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈고, 2011년에는 100% 증비(144 kg N/ha)에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 밀 종실 특성 중 천립중, 리터중 및 수분함량은 질소수준에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 종실 수량은 질소 수준이 증가함에 따라 계속 증가하여 50% 증비에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 이후부터는 감소하였다. 종실의 단백질 함량을 살펴보면 질소수준이 증가함에 따라 점차 증가는 경향을 보였으며 100% 증비에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 금강이 조경보다 높은 단백질 함량을 보였다. 밀 종자의 수발아 관련 형질간 비교에서는 질수수준이 증가함에 따라 발아율, Germination index 및 ABA sensitivity가 점차 감소했는데, 이는 종자의 수발아율을 낮추는 결과를 가져왔다. 밀 종자의 Germination index는 금강의 경우 무비(추비)에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 이후에는 조경의 경우와 마찬가지로 질소 수준이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 밀 종자의 수발아율은 조경의 경우 50% 감비에서 24.7%, 금강의 경우 무비(추비)에서 19.6%로 가장 높게 나타났으나, 질소 처리 수준이 증가함에 따라 수발아율은 점차 감소하였다. ABA sensitivity와 수발아율 간에는 정의 상관을 나타내어 ABA sensitivity를 간이 수발아 검정법으로 활용 가능할 것으로 보였다.

중·북부지역에서 국내육성 호밀품종의 채종방법 (Development of Optimal Seed Production Methods Using Domestic Rye Cultivar in Central and North Area of Korea)

  • 한옥규;송주희;구자환;김대욱;권영업;이유영;박장환;권순종;안종웅
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
    • /
    • 제38권1호
    • /
    • pp.44-52
    • /
    • 2018
  • 국내 호밀 종자의 자급률을 향상시키기 위해 중부지역에 적합한 종자 채종기술을 개발하고자 2013~2015년까지 3개년에 걸쳐 경기도 수원에서 시험을 실시하였다. 품종은 국내 육성종인 곡우호밀을 사용하였고, 시험구는 파종량 3수준(3, 5, 7 kg/10a), 질소시비량 3수준(3, 6, 9 kg/10a)의 분할구배치법 3반복으로 하였으며, 생육특성과 종실 생산성을 평가하였다. 호밀 종자의 파종량을 늘리면 $m^2$당 수수가 증가하지만, 유효경 비율 1수립수 임실률 리터중 및 천립중이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 수량 증가에는 영향이 크지 않았다. 질소시비량을 늘리면 $m^2$당 수수와 1수립수가 많아지고 임실률 등의 증가로 수량이 증가하였다. 그리고 호밀의 종실수량은 파종량과 질소시비량 간 교호작용을 보이지 않았다. 국내육성 호밀품종의 종자생산 시 생산성과 더불어 종자 및 비료절감, 환경보호 등을 고려할 때 10a당 적정 파종량은 5 kg, 질소시비량은 5~6 kg 이었다.