• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2020

A new compound, 3��-acetoxylanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-26-al (3), and seven known compounds (1 - 2 and 4 - 8) were isolated from Ganoderma tropicum (Jung.) Bres. collected in Tay Nguyen, Vietnam. The structures of these compounds were determined by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and high-resolution ESI-MS, and by comparison with literature data. All of the isolated compounds were tested for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae-stimulated RAW 246.7 cells. Among them, compounds 2 - 4 and 6 - 8 enhanced the NBT reduction in a dose-dependent manner.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.661-667
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• 2005

Since conflicting results have been reported on non-specific immune response in type 1 diabetes, this study evaluates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions in the infection free Long Evan diabetic rats (type 1) by using tests that include: polarization assay, phagocytosis of baker's yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction. Polarization assay showed that neutrophils from diabetic rats were significantly activated at the basal level compared to those from the controls (p < 0.001). After PMN activation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), control neutrophils were found to be more polarized than those of the diabetic neutrophils and the highest proportions of polarization were found to be 67% and 57% at $10^{-7}\;M$ FMLP, respectively. In the resting state, neutrophils from the diabetic rats reduced significantly more NBT dye than that of the controls (p < 0.001). The percentages of phagocytosis of opsonized yeast cells by the neutrophils from control and diabetic rats were 87% and 61%, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Evaluation of the phagocytic efficiency of PMNs revealed that control neutrophils could phagocytose $381{\pm}17$ whereas those from the diabetic rats phagocytosed $282{\pm}16$ yeast cells, and the efficiency of phagocytosis varied significantly (p < 0.001). Further, both the percentages of phagocytosis and the efficiency of phagocytosis by the diabetic neutrophils were inversely related with the levels of their corresponding plasma glucose (p = 0.02; r = -0.498 and p < 0.05; r = -0.43, respectively), which indicated that increased plasma glucose reduced the phagocytic ability of neutrophils. Such relationship was not observed with the control neutrophils. These data clearly indicate that PMN functions are altered in the streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats, and hyperglycemia may be the cause for the impairment of their functions leading to many infectious episodes.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was focused to investigate the toxicity of Saussurea lappa (SL) extracts in HL-60 cells and human lymphocytes. We also examined the differentiation effect of SL against leukemia cells. Methods : For examining the toxicity of SL, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and single cell gel eletrophoresis (SCGE) assay were used in present study. The cell differentiation effect of SL was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. Results : The inhibition of cell growth in HL-60 cells was observed in a dose-dependant manner after SL treatment for 24 h. According to SCGE assay, HL-60 cells treated with SL increased DNA damage at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, while DNA damage was induced by 0.1, 1, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration of SL in human lymphocytes. Our results indicated that SL have no genotoxic effect in HL-60 cells and human lymphocytes. Additionally, the differentiation effect was induced in $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ SL-treated HL-60 cells. Conclusions : From above results it is suggested that SL could be beneficial for the preparation of the useful agent for treating leukemia.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2011

The objectives of present study were to characterize the peptides which were isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste, chungkukjang, and to determine their antioxidant activities. Four fractions were collected from the methanol extract of chungkukjang by using a recycling preparative HPLC. Among fractions, Fr-2 was identified to be highly potent free radical scavenging activity in the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT)-reduction inhibition. Base on antioxidant effects, fraction Fr-2 was employed for the refraction with a prep-column and separated into five fractions of which two fractions were identified to have higher antioxidant activity. To confirm the amino acid constituents of antioxidant fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were analyzed, and eight kinds of amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were identified as the constituent amino acids. Antioxidant activities of the separated peptides were further assessed cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide (MTT), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of H4IIE cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Chungkukjang peptides have shown their ability to protect H4IIE rat hepatoma cells against H2O2- induced oxidative stress by concentration and time-dependent manner. Therefore, These results indicated that fermented soybean paste chungkukjang will be promoted the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities, and beneficial for health. The antioxidant peptide fractions Fr-2-2 and Fr-2-3 were denominated as P-NICS-1 and P-NICS-2, respectively. However, further studies were required to clarify their amino acid sequences and molecular properties, and physiological significances.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 마늘 추출물과 착즙액이 넙치의 비특이적 면역력에 미치는 영향과 투여 방법에 따른 효과를 밝히고자 하였다. 마늘 추출물의 투여는 복강 주사법을, 마늘 착즙액은 침지법을 사용하였다. 마늘 착즙액 침지법은 일정 농도의 착즙액을 해수에 현탁하여 2일 간격으로 3회 침지하였다. 병원균의 공격 시험은 시험어에 마늘 추출물의 일정량을 2일 간격으로 3회 주사한 지2일 후에 실시하였다. 그 결과, 마늘 추출물의 복강 주사 시험구 중 5% 투여구에서 lysozyme의 활성이 가장 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 호중구의 수는 1, 5 및 10%를 주사하였을 때 유의적인 증가를 보였다 (p<0.05). SOD activity는 신장에서는 1, 3 및 5% 시험구에서, 간에서는 1 및 5% 시험구가 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). NBT 환원 시험은 3 및 5% 시험구에서 높은 NBT 환원량을 나타내었다. 마늘 착즙액의 침지 시험에서는 0.25 g/L 시험구에서 체표 점액 lysozyme 활성과 혈청 lysozyme 활성이 가장 높은 유의적인 증가를 하였다. 림프구와 호중구의 수는 0.25, 0.5 및 1.0 g/L 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 보였다 (p<0.05). SOD activity는 신장에서는 모든 시험구에서, 간에서는 0.1, 0.25 및 0.5 g/L 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). NBT 환원 시험은 0.1, 0.25 및 0.5% 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 시험구의 생존율은 S. iniae BS10과 E. tarda KE-1의 공격에 대하여 5% 마늘 추출물 복강 투여와 0.25 g/L 마늘 착즙액 침지 시험구의 상대생존율이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마늘 추출물과 착즙액이 넙치에 면역능 향상과 어류 질병에 저항성 증강에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.