• 한국광물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

본 연구 목적은 페널티원소가 포함된 정광을 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하여 Bi와 As를 효과적으로 용출하고자 하였다. 정광시료에 대한 페널티원소와 유용금속들의 용출특성을 마이크로웨이브 용출시간, 질산농도 및 정광 첨가량에 대하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 페널티원소인 Bi와 As의 용출률은 마이크로웨이브 용출시간이 증가할수록, 질산농도가 증가할수록 그리고 정광 첨가량이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 정광과 광석광물을 마이크로웨이브 가열하자, Bi가 90% 이상 제거되었고, 황비철석은 자류철석-적철석으로 상변환 되었다. 고체-잔류물에 대하여 XRD분석한 결과, 단체 황과 anglesite가 나타났다. 단체 황과 anglesite의 XRD peak는 1분에서보다 12분에서, 0.5 M보다 4 M에서 그리고 5 g보다 30 g에서 intensity가 더 증가하였고 예리해졌다. 이와 같은 결과는 용출효율이 증가할수록 더 많은 단체 황과 anglesite가 생성되기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 정광을 마이크로웨이브 가열하면 Bi와 As가 대기 중으로 손실되지만, 질산용액으로 마이크로웨이브 용출하면 Bi와 같은 유용금속이 용출되어 회수될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

The effect of electrolyte on the extraction replicas of the precipiates in 3% Si steel was investigated. Three Kinds of electrolyte, 2% Nital solution (2% nitric acid+methanol; acid solution),, Sodium Citrate solution (5% sodiumcitrate+1% KBr+0.5KI+$H_{2}O$; aqueous neutral solution) and 10% AA solution (10% acetylacetone+ 1% tetramethylammoniumchloride+methanol; non-aqueous neutral solution), were compared. The preciptiates in 3% Si steel were dissolved in 2% Nital, but they were not dissolved in the Sodium Citrate and 10% AA solution. In Sodium Citrate solution, however, large second artifacts were introduced during sample preparation. Therefore 10% AA solution was found to be most useful for the preparation of extraction replica. The electrolysis condition of a matrix and precipitates were also checked by the measurement of potential-current curve in 10% AA solution. The matrix was electrolyzed at -400mV with respect to SCE(Saturated Calomel Electrode). In contrats precipitates were electrolyzed above 300mV. Precipitates were respected to be stable in 10% AA solution in the range of $-380mV{\sim}-300mV$ usually used to prepare extraction replicas.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1984

질산 산성에서 얻은 $MoO_4^{2-}$와 $WO_4^{2-}$의 용리곡선과 Z값에 따른 텅스텐의 UV스펙트럼 변화로부터 질산 농도 변화에 따른 이들 이온들의 화학종과 평형관계를 연구하였다. 물리브덴은 0.05M 이상의 질산 용액에서$Mo_8O_{26}^{4-} + 20H^+$ ${\rightleftharpoons}$ $8MoO_2^{2+}$ + $10H_2O$반응에 의해 $MoO_2^{2+}$이온을 생성하여 이 이온이$MoO_2(NO_3)_2$와 같은 질산착물을 생성하는 것으로 보인다. 질산 산성에서 텅스텐산의 용리현상은 과염소산에서와 유사하다. 그래서 과염소산에서 존재하는 텅스텐의 평형관계가 질산 산성에서도 존재한다고 생각된다. 이들 텅스텐의 용리현상 결과를 Z값에 따른 텅스텐의 UV스펙트럼 변화와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2000

One of effective utilization technique of rice husk is known to carbonize it for using as the culture materials. A series of study on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor shows that the carbonized rice husk produced have a strong alkalinity. Therefore, carbonized rice husk produced by a cyclone combustor is required to neutralize with proper normality. This work is the third part of a series on the production of carbonized rice husk by a cyclone combustor. In this work, the development of neutralization process was carried out in the range of experimental conditions recommended in the previous study. Those include the preheat temperature of combustion chamber of T1b=1273∼1373K, equivalence ratio =1.68∼2.17, auxiliary gas flow rates Qg=5.15∼6.43$\ell$/min. The injection technique of dilute acid was employed for neutralization. At the lower position of the outside of combustor, a dilute nitric acid selected as neutralization liquid was injected to the carbonized rice husk exhausted from the combustion chamber. The normalities of dilute nitric acid were varied to 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05N, respectively. The injection flow rates of the solution were changes from 1.7∼4$\ell$/min. The required carbonized and neutralized rice husk could be obtained at the dilute nitric acid with normality of 0.3N and flow rate of dilute nitric acid of 2∼3.5$\ell$/min. However, the carbonized and neutralized rice husks of about 10∼20% were destroyed by spray with high injection pressure.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2009

At the onset of corrosion of steel in concrete, hydrogen ions usually evolve in the process of electrochemical reaction, thereby decreasing the pH of the pore solution, which can be buffered by cement hydration products, as being representatively illustrated by calcium hydroxide. Hence, a fall in the pH is dependent on properties of cement hydration (i.e. hydration products and degree of hydration). The present study tested acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of cementitious binders of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement), 30% PFA(Pulverized Fuel Ash), 60% GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), 10% SF(Silica Fume) to quantify the resistance of cement matrix to a pH fall. Cement pastes were cast at 0.4 of a free W/C ratio with 1.5% chlorides by weight of binder in cast. Powder samples obtained crushed and ground specimen after 200 days of curing were diluted in still water combined with different levels of 1M nitric acid solution, ranging from 0.5 to 20 mol/kg. Then, the pH of diluted solution was monitored until any further change in the pH did not take place. It was seen that the pH of the diluted solution gradually decreased as the molar amount of nitric acid increased. At some particular values of the pH, however, a decrease in the pH was marginal, which can be expressed in the peak resistances to a pH fall in the ANC curve. The peaks occurred at the variations in the pH, depending on binder type, but commonly at about 12.5 in the pH, indicate a resistance of precipitated calcium hydroxide. The measurement of water soluble chloride at the end of test showed that the amount of free chloride was significantly increased at the pH corresponding to the peaks in the ANC curve, which may reflect the adsorption of hydration products to chlorides.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2006

The application of a synergistic solvent extraction by the formation of ternary complex with pyrocatechol violet (PV) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) was studied for determination of trace Zn(II) in water samples. The pH of sample solution and the amount of PV and BC added were optimized for the formation of the stable complex, a proper solvent was selected for the effective extraction, and the concentration of nitric acid was fixed for the back extraction of the complex from the solvent. After the ionic strength of 100 mL sample solution was adjusted to 0.1 M by adding NaCl and the pH was fixed at 9 with a carbonate buffer, 1.0 mL of 2% PV solution was added to form Zn(II)-PV complex then the Zn(II)-PV/BC ternary complex was made by adding 1.0 mL of 10% BC solution. The ternary complex was extracted into 10 mL of MIBK. And the ternary complex was back-extracted with 10 mL of 1.0 mol/L nitric acid to determine Zn(II) by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (flame-AAS). The interference of concomitant ions on the extraction of Zn(II) was investigated. This procedure was applied to the analysis of three real samples such as Dalbang-dam water, laboratory tap water and Jungnajin seawater. The recoveries of Zn(II) in spiked samples were 86.58-104.1%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3641-3649
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• 2022

A simple solvothermal reaction was used to prepare a 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica-gel-based adsorbent for adsorbing Pd(II) from the nitric acid solution. Scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis were performed on the as-synthesized adsorbent to demonstrate the successful introduction of Schiff base groups. Batch experiments were used to investigate the effects of contact time, nitric acid concentration, solution temperature, and adsorption capacity. It is worth noting that the prepared adsorbent exhibited a higher affinity toward Pd(II) with the uptake approximately 100% even in a 2 M HNO₃ solution. At an equilibrium time of 5 h, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pd(II) was estimated to be 0.452 mmol/g. The adsorbed Pd(II) could be completely eluted by dissolving 0.2 M thiourea solution in 0.1 M HNO₃. Using a combination of particle-induced X-ray emission analysis and an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, the adsorbed Pd was found to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the prepared adsorbent and the existing species were Pd(II) and zero-valent Pd(0). Due to the desirable performances, facile preparation method, and abundant raw material source, the prepared adsorbent demonstrated a high application potential in the recovery of Pd(II) from simulated high-level liquid waste treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2013

This study was investigated to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect of Rubus coreanus(RC) extract on contracted rabbit carotid artery and its mechanism. To study the effect of RC extract on contracted rabbit carotid arterial strips, arterial strips with intact or damaged endothelium were used for experiment using organ bath. The pre-contracted arterial strips with norepinephrine(NE) or potassium chloride(KCl) was treated with various concentrations of an extract of RC(0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$). To determine the mechanisms of RC-induced vasorelaxant, RC extract was infused into contracted arterial rings which had been pretreated by indomethacin(IM), tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), methylene blue(MB). And calcium chloride(Ca) 1 mM was infused into precontracted arterial ring induced by NE or KCl after treatment of RC extract in $Ca^{2+}$-free krebs solution. Cytotoxic activity of RC extract on human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) was measured by MTT assay, and nitric oxide(NO) prodution was measured by Griess reagent. RC extract revealed significant relaxation on NE-induced arterial contraction, but didn't relax on KCl-induced arterial contraction. RC extract also had an effective relaxation to the intact endothelium arterial ring, but not the damaged endothelium arterial ring. Treatment of IM, TEA, L-NNA, MB reduced the relaxation of RC extract. Pretreatment of RC extract inhibited the contraction by influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in contracted arterial ring induced by NE, but it didn't work the contraction by influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in contracted arterial ring induced by KCl in $Ca^{2+}$-free krebs solution. RC extract increased nitric oxide production on HUVEC. This study indicated that the relaxation effect of RC extract on contracted rabbit carotid artery is related with NO-cGMP pathway, EDHF, prostacyclin.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

컬럼시기 연속추출장치에 의해 산세폐액으로부터 질산 및 불산을 정제산으로 회수하기 위한 연속실험을 행하였다. 먼저 컬럼식 연속추출장치에 의한 조업시 조업특성을 살펴보면 Pulse Velocity(AxF)가 증가함에 따라 추출율 및 탈거율이 증가하고 잇으나 AxF가 임계치 이상으로 증가하게 되면 수상과 유기상의 강력한 혼합에 의해 분리층이 형성되지 못하고 컬럼전체가 혼합형태가 되어, 효율이 낮아지고 HETS가 길어지게 된다. 또 총유량에 있어 너무 느리게 디면 Backmixing 효과가 나타나게 되고, 반대로 총유량이 매우 빠르게 되면 수상과 유기상의 접촉시간이 불충분하여 효율이 떨어지게 된다. 산세폐액을 컬럼식 연속추출장치로 처리할 경우 추출시에는 70% TBP를 사용하여 상비 A/O=1/2에서 추출하고, 증류수로 상비 1에서 탈거하면 질산 및 불산의 최종회수율은 각각 90.7% 및 75%정도이고 정제산 중 질산농도는 102g/$\ulcorner$ 그리고 불산은 8.8g/$\ulcorner$정도가 된다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2011

We discuss the influence of few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) treated with nitric acid and/or sulfuric acid on field emission characteristics. FWCNTs/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) thin film field emitters were fabricated by a spray method using FWCNTs/TEOS sol one-component solution onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. After thermal curing, they were found tightly adhered to the ITO glass, and after an activation process by a taping method, numerous FWCNTs were aligned preferentially in the vertical direction. Pristine FWCNT/TEOS-based field emitters revealed higher current density, lower turn-on field, and a higher field enhancement factor than the oxidized FWCNTs-based field emitters. However, the unstable dispersion of pristine FWCNT in TEOS/N,N-dimethylformamide solution was not applicable to the field emitter fabrication using a spray method. Although the field emitter of nitric acid-treated FWCNT showed slightly lower field emission characteristics, this could be improved by the introduction of metal nanoparticles or resistive layer coating. Thus, we can conclude that our spray method using nitric acid-treated FWCNT could be useful for fabricating a field emitter and offers several advantages compared to previously reported techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and screen printing.