• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2017

The LNG storage tank as core facility of LNG industry is mainly composed of the inner tank of nikel 9% steel and the outer tank of prestressed concrete. To respond proactively increased risk of structure performance deterioration due to fatigue of the inner tank and durability reduction of the outer tank, life evaluation program for LNG storage tank is needed. In this study, life evaluation program for LNG storage tank was developed to assess fatigue of the inner tank and durability(carbonation and chloride attack) of the outer tank. By defining the main three scenarios in the inner tank, the fatigue life analysis is conducted from structural analysis and Miner's damage rule. Carbonation progress of the outer tank is predicted according to thickness of cover concrete by using carbon dioxide contents and data of penetration depth. To consider a variety of input conditions and a reliability in results of chloride attack, the evaluation of choride attack for the outer tank is constructed through Life-365 program of open source.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2008

Thermal evaporated 10 nm-$Ni_{50}Co_{50}$/(70 nm-poly)Si films were deposited to examine the energy saving properties of silicides formed by rapid thermal annealing at temperature ranging from 500 to $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds. Thermal evaporated 10 nm-Ni/(70 nm-poly)Si films were also deposited as a reference using the same method for depositing the 10 nm-$Ni_{50}Co_{50}$/(70 nm-poly)Si films. A four-point probe was used to examine the sheet resistance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction XRD were used to determine cross sectional microstructure and phase changes, respectively. UV-VIS-NIR and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to examine the near-infrared (NIR) and middle-infrared (MIR) absorbance. TEM analysis confirmed that the uniform nickel-cobalt composite silicide layers approximately 21 to 55 nm in thickness had formed on the single and polycrystalline silicon substrates as well as on the 25 to 100 nm thick nickel silicide layers. In particular, nickel-cobalt composite silicides showed a low sheet resistance, even after rapid annealing at $1,100^{\circ}C$. Nickel-cobalt composite silicide and nickel silicide films on the single silicon substrates showed similar absorbance in the near-IR region, while those on the polycrystalline silicon substrates showed excellent absorbance until the 1,750 nm region. Silicides on polycrystalline substrates showed high absorbance in the middle IR region. Nickel-cobalt composite silicides on the poly-Si substrates annealed at $1,000^{\circ}C$ superior IR absorption on both NIR and MIR region. These results suggest that the newly proposed $Ni_{50}Co_{50}$ composite silicides may be suitable for applications of IR absorption coatings.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2011

A gene encoding a putative phospholipase D was isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and cloned into pGEM-T easy vector. The gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using a pET-21(a) vector containing His6 tag. Affinity purification of the recombinant phospholipase D with nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin resulted major one-band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The purified enzyme showed a molecular weight of 44 kDa. The optimum activity of enzyme was around pH 7.0 and the enzyme was also the most stable around this condition. The optimum temperature was about $40-45^{\circ}C$ and the enzyme still showed considerable activities at wide range of temperature. Among various detergents, Triton X-100 significantly increased the enzyme activity, resulting in 181% activity of control at 0.6 mM of the detergent. Calcium ion did not significantly affect the enzyme activity, suggesting that the enzyme might be classified into $Ca^{2+}$-independent PLD.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to provide basic data for the re-establishment of standards (criteria) and analytical methods for hazardous metals in nail enamel. Methods: Ten metals (lead; Pb, arsenic; As, cadminum; Cd, antimony: Sb, cobalt; Co, nikel; Ni, copper; Cu, chromium; Cr, aluminum; Al, and mercury; Hg) were measured in 67 commercial nail enamels containing glitter and/or pearls. The content of hazardous metals (excepting Hg) was determined by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) after microwave digestion. Mercury content was measured by a mercury analyzer without any preparation. Results: The detected ranges of the intact samples were as follows: $ND-1.756{\mu}g/g$ for Pb, $ND-1.24{\mu}g/g$ for As, ND for Cd, $ND-20.41{\mu}g/g$ for Sb, $ND-12.36{\mu}g/g$ for Co, $ND-7.908{\mu}g/g$ for Ni, $0.088-79.27{\mu}g/g$ for Cu, $0.281-18.54{\mu}g/g$ for Cr, $13.78-3563{\mu}g/g$ for Al, and $ND-0.044{\mu}g/g$ for Hg. After centrifugation, the detected ranges of supernatant were as follows: $ND-0.435{\mu}g/g$ for Pb, $ND-0.504{\mu}g/g$ for As, ND for Cd, $ND-0.035{\mu}g/g$ for Sb, $ND-13.17{\mu}g/g$ for Co, $ND-0.232{\mu}g/g$ for Ni, $0.117-90.07{\mu}g/g$ for Cu, $0.174-2.787{\mu}g/g$ for Cr, and $9.459-1565{\mu}g/g$ for Al. The results of this analysis showed that the levels of heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Sb were much higher in the intact samples than those of supernatant. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that the levels of hazardous metals were significantly different depending on the status of the presence of glitter. Based on the results, we recommend that the product consumer refrain from prolonged application of nail enamel, avoid biting or chewing the nails, and wear gloves during cooking and washing dishes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 1996

The present study was carried out to investigate the difference of absorption and translocation of Ni by radish grown for 45 days under factors such as the levels of Ni in soil, soil pH, competitive metal interactions, covering with soil, organic matter and lime. Germination rate of radish in soil treated by Ni 150 mg/kg was 40%. As soil pH was increased, the contents of Ni translocated to radish showed the negative correlation$(shoot=-0.965^{**},\;root= -0.837^{*})$. The Ni content in shoot and root of radish grown under 50 mg/kg Ni treated soil were slowly decreased with iron levels increased. However Ni content in shoot and root of radish grown under 50 mg/kg Ni treated soil showed increasing trend with the increasing the zinc levels. As covering with soil, organic matter and lime were treated, Ni contents of shoot and root in radishes were in the decreasing order of organic matter>covering with soil>lime.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.5376-5383
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• 2011

The objective of this study is the development of carbon-recycle technology, that converts carbon dioxide captured from flue gas to carbon monoxide or carbon for reuse in industrial fields. It is difficult to decompose $CO_2$ because $CO_2$ is very stable molecule. And then metal oxide was used as an activation agent or catalyst for the decomposition of $CO_2$ at low temperature. Metal oxides, which converts $CO_2$ to CO or C, were prepared using Ni-ferrite by solid state method and hydrothermal synthesis in this study. TPR/TPO and TGA were used as an analysis method to analyze the decomposition characteristics of $CO_2$. As the results, the reduction area of $H_2$ was high value at 15 wt% of NiO and the decomposition area of $CO_2$ was superior capacity at 5 wt% of NiO. However, TGA data showed contrary results that reduction area of $H_2$ was 28.47wt% and oxidation area by $CO_2$ was 26.95wt% at 2.5 wt% of NiO, one of the Ni-ferrite powders synthesized using solid state method. $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency was 94.66% and it is excellent results in comparison with previous studies.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2014

We measured the contact dermatitis-causing substances concentrations in 28 commercial oxidative hair-coloring products. This study was aimed to provide the fundamental data about oxidative hair-coloring products. We selected 10 oxidation dyes (p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine, m-phenylenediamine, nitro-p-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, p-methylaminophenol, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol) and 4 heavy metal (nikel; Ni, chromium; Cr, cobalt; Co, copper; Cu) as contact dermatitis-causing substances. To identify 10 oxidation dyes, hexane-2% sodium sulfite was used for the rapid and simple extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was used for simultaneous analysis in 12 minutes. 10 oxidative dyes were detected as indicated on the product packaging and each concentration was lower than prescribed upper concentration limit by pharmaceutical manufacturing standards. And we analysed inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) for content search of heavy metal after microwave digestion. The heavy metal average concentration in oxidative hair-coloring products was 0.572 ${\mu}g/g$ for Ni, 3.161 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cr, 2.029 ${\mu}g/g$ for Co, 0.420 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cu, respectively. The average of concentration in powder type (henna) was higher than those of other foam and cream type oxidative hair-coloring products as follows; 1.800 ${\mu}g/g$ for Ni, 10.127 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cr, 7.082 ${\mu}g/g$ for Co, 1.451 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cu. Hair coloring products were classified into the six colors - black, dark brown, brown, dark brown, light brown, red brown and analyzed. Brown color had the highest average concentration of Co and the others had the highest average concentration of Cr.