• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.44.1-44.11
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• 2023

Background: A series of breast cancer cases were recently reported in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Nurses are generally exposed to risk factors for breast cancer such as night shift work, antineoplastic agents, and job strain. However, the epidemiological evidence of excess incidence among nurses remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the excess incidence of breast cancer among nurses in a tertiary university hospital and provide epidemiological evidence of occupational risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort was developed using personnel records of female workers in the nursing department who worked from January 2011 to June 2021 in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Sick leave records were used to identify cases of breast cancer. The standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer among nurses was compared to the general population. Results: A total of 5,509 nurses were followed up for 30,404 person-years, and 26 breast cancer cases were identified. This study revealed a significantly increased breast cancer incidence among all included nurses, with a standardized incidence ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.41), compared to the general population. Workers, who handle antineoplastic agents in their representative department and current and/or former department, had significantly elevated breast cancer standardized incidence ratios of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.008-5.94) and 3.39 (95% CI: 1.46-6.68), respectively. Conclusions: This study provides significant evidence of increased breast cancer risk among nursing staff in a hospital setting, particularly those who handle antineoplastic drugs. Measures that reduce exposure to risk factors should be implemented, especially anticancer drugs, to protect healthcare professionals. Further research at a national level that focuses on healthcare workers is necessary to validate breast cancer incidence and its contributing factors.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2024

Background: Replacement drivers represent a significant portion of platform labor in the Republic of Korea, often facing night shifts and the demands of emotional labor. Research on replacement drivers is limited due to their widespread nature. This study examined the levels of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers in comparison to those of paid male workers in the Republic of Korea. Methods: This study collected data for replacement drivers and used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey for paid male workers over the age of 20 years. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the differences between paid workers and replacement drivers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for presenteeism and absenteeism by replacement drivers. Stratified analysis was conducted for age groups, educational levels, income levels, and working hours. The analysis was adjusted for variables including age, education, income, working hours, working days per week, and working duration. Results: Among the 1,417 participants, the prevalence of presenteeism and absenteeism among replacement drivers was 53.6% (n = 210) and 51.3% (n = 201), respectively. The association of presenteeism and absenteeism (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 8.42 [6.36-11.16] and 20.80 [95% CI = 14.60-29.62], respectively) with replacement drivers being significant, with a prominent association among the young age group, high educational, and medium income levels. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that replacement drivers were more significantly associated with presenteeism and absenteeism than paid workers. Further studies are necessary to establish a strategy to decrease the risk factors among replacement drivers.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.63-75
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• 1995

The need of oriental nursing role is recently increasing. The implication of this trend is enormous not only for the need of independent of independent oriental nursing intervention. Hence, this study was designed to describe the characteristics of oriental nursing activity and identify the meaning of nursing activity in oriental hospital. A total of 24 nurses were selected by convenience sampling from eight units at one oriental hospital. A total of 168 data were collected using minute-by-minute recording during nurse s work shift. The data were analyzed using nova and scheffe method as post-hoc test The results of this study are as follows; 1. the category of nursing activity in oriental hospital 74.4% of nursing activity was the patient-oriented nursing care. The nursing activity included others (18.28%), the function-oriented nursing care (7.07%), and staff-oriented care (0.2%). 29.1 % of the patient-oriented nursing care was the direct care, and 24. 5 % of the patient-oriented nursing care was the indirect care. There was a lack of patient education and the communication patient. 2. Nursing activity in oriental hospital by characteristics 1) Nursing activity by unit For patient-oriented nursing care, there was a statistically significant difference among 8 units. In the critical care unit, the patient-oriented nursing care was mostly performed. For function-oriented nursing care, there was statistically significant difference among 8 units. In the physical therapy unit, the function-oriented nursing care was mostly performed. 2) Nursing activity in oriental hospital For all kinds of nursing activity, there was a statistically significant difference between shifts. In night shift patient-oriented nursing care, function-oriented nursing care, and other kinds of nursing care was mostly performed. Patient-oriented nursing care included indirect care, treatment set management, and the breaktime. In day shift, staff-oriented nursing care was performed. 3) Nursing activity in oriental hospital For all kinds of nursing activity, there was not a statistically significant difference by day. The day has not impact on nursing activity. 3. the meaning of activity in oriental hospital The results of this study show that the patient-oriented care was vital check, input! output check, medication, bedsore prevention, nasogastric feeding, oral care, catheterization care, perinatal care, nursing care associated with acupuncture and moxacautery, observation (fever, sweating), heat and cold application communication with patent and family, and patient room management In conclusion, two issues associated with the findings of the research appeated to be involved in the difficulty of nursing activity in hospital. The first issue was the nursing care in oriental hospital provided by nurses who have a limited understading of the principles of oriental medicine. The second issue was the deficiency of systematic guideling for oriental nursing activity. The findings suggest the need to develop the systematic guideline for oriental nursing activity. The need of continuing education for nurses who work in the oriental hospital, and the need of nursing education including oriental nursing are critical.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-62
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• 1999

Recently the request of the patients to participate in the medical courses has been expanding due to elevated sense of right on the people's health. merchandised medical treatment by mass supply, human right declaration of the patients, generalized medical informations by the mass media and the change of human relation between the medical personnels and the patients. Under these phenomena the accident by the nurses have been increasing by the area of the nurses having been expanded and their independent roles having been increased. Such nursing accidents are the important subject which the professional occupation of the nurses has been facing but legal protective capability of the nurses has been very weak. Therefore this study has examined the degree of the experience of the nursing accident that happens in the clinical nursing scenes in the general hospital to provide the basic materials for the protection and the counter measures of the nursing accidents. The following is the conclusion based by the above examination. 1) The general characters of the subjects of this study is that they are mostly single in their twenties and graduate from nursing college. Their total clinical career is above 5 years$(44.8\%)$ and their current clinical parts' career is between 1-3 years$(40.1\%)$. So these facts suggest that most hospitals has taken the working rotation policy on nurses. 2) The level of nurses' knowledge on the nursing law is accurate partially but isn't it patially. So it is suggested that nurses need the accurate information and education about the nursing law. But the nurses' attitude is very approved of the establishment of a unilateral nursing law. 3) The relation between the demographic characters of the subjects and their attitudes on the nursing law shows that there is no significant differences except the relation between the attitude 6(the sufficient level of education on nursing law in formal education course) and age. total clinical career. 4) The perception of the nurses shows that the cause of the nursing accident has been due to the heavy work$(78.2\%)$. short of professional knowledge and skill$(60.2\%)$, discordance with Doctors. patients and patients' families. They report the accident to the head nurse first$(81.8\%)$ and within 30 minute$(75.1\%)$. The hour of nursing accident frequently happened is regardless of service hour with $49.4\%$ in response rate. the highest rate. and the nursing accident happens in the night more than the daytime. Even though most nurses think that they are themselves responsible for nursing accident. it is found that the chief cause of the nursing accident is due to the nurses' heavy work$(78.2\%)$. So the causes of nursing accidents is analysed. it may be suggested that the endeavor of hospital and nursing organizations to decrease nursing accidents is very important. 5) The coping patterns of patients with nursing accidents are mostly active attitude such as a violent words$(69\%)$. sue or accusation$(36.4\%)$, monetary compensation $(35.6\%)$ except a understanding cases$(38.7\%)$. But the coping patterns of hospitals with nursing accidents are mostly to investigate the accurate cause.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2002

There has been a rapid industrial progress in Korea since 1962 by the success of 5-year economic development plan, and the number of industrial work has also made a rapid increase. Consequently, the management of the occupational health for the purpose of promoting the health of industrial workers and improving the working environment is badly needed in these days. Health services on industrial noisy environment have been provided only for noise-induced hearing loss management until now. But gradually, modem diseases and death have come to be related to the stress and mental health, therefore noise-induced mental disorder, like a stress became very important. Thus, this study has been carried out to analyze the relationship between workers' stress symptoms and the perceived working environment and the perceived working conditions. This study included 786 industrial workers selected from II factories in Buchun. The results were as follows: 1. For demographic characteristics, most of the workers were males(75.7%), the 20～29 years old were 33.8% and those who graduated from high school were 56.1%. The workers whose monthly income ranged from 700,000 to 1,500,000 won were 37.9% and who has a religion were 49.0%. 2. For occupational characteristics, workers who had worked 5～10 years in the factories were 35.8%. Those who felt much for them workload were 42.7% and who worked more than 8 hours a day were 73.7%. Those who were dissatisfied with their pay and job were 51.1 % and 31.2%. The workers who responded ventilation condition of their worksites were bad were 50.4% and the dissatisfied with working environment of their worksites were 43.8%. 3. For the noise exposure level in worksite, workers who were exposed to 70∼90㏈ were 37.4%, 90∼100㏈ were 25.2% and 50∼70㏈ were 18.8%. 4. Workers∼ stress symptoms were significantly related to marital status and their monthly income(P〈0.05). Workers who were single and had lower monthly income showed higher PSI(Psychiatric Symptom Index) scores than those who were married and had higher monthly income. Higher PSI scores were also significantly related to the night-work, workload, dissatisfaction with their job, and bad relationship with their bosses or co-workers. 5. The higher noise exposure level in worksite from 80㏈ was, the more severe stress symptoms including PSI subparts were reported; Anxiety, Anger, Depression, and Cognitive disorder symptom(P〈0.001). 6. According to the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting workers' PSI scores were noise exposure level in worksite(R2=0.150), relationship with coworkers, amount of workload, monthly income and relationship with bosses orderly and the total R2 of this 6 factors was 29.7%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.664-675
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 간호사의 시간선택제 근무에 대한 인식을 조사하고 활성화를 위한 합리적인 근무방안을 제시하는 것이다. 자료는 무작위 할당표출법을 이용하여 전국의 532명의 간호사를 대상으로 2015년 2월 10일부터 24일 까지 설문조사를 하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서 시간선택제 근무 중 단축시간제에 대한 필요성($M=3.89{\pm}0.87$)과 지원 의향(46.2%)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 야간전담제, 휴일전담제, 2교대제 순이었다. 지원 선택의 이유로는 교대근무의 힘든 업무와 육아 병행의 어려움이 가장 높게 나타났다. 시간선택제 근무시행에 따른 긍정적인 영향으로는 자기계발 활동이나 여가활동의 증가로 삶의 질을 높일 수 있고, 육아와 일-가정 양립이 가능한 점이었으며, 부정적인 영향으로는 비정규직으로 채용될 우려와 급여가 감소할 것이라는 의견이 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 시간선택제 근무를 시행하기 위한 선결조건으로 시간선택제 근무 유형에 따른 보상과 근무조건에 대한 표준화된 운영 지침을 제시함으로써 추후에 시간선택제 간호사의 균등한 근무조건을 마련하는데 기여할 수 있다.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2019

본 국내 건설업 사업자수는 매년 증가하고 있으며 산업의 고도화, 건설공사의 고층화 대형화로 건설업 근로자의 재해 노출 위험이 커지고 있다. 특히 문화와 언어가 다른 외국인 근로자 수의 증가, 다수의 중장년층 근로자, 옥외생산, 고소작업, 중장비 작업 등의 건설업 특성으로 타 산업에 비해 재해자가 많고 중대재해 위험 또한 높은 실정이다. 건설업의 경우 정해진 기간 안에 이루어져야하는 노동집약적 산업이고, 야간작업 등의 특수한 작업환경이 많으며 적정 공사비 확보가 안될 경우 안전관리에 대한 투자 또한 소홀하여 건설재해 요인에 대한 관리가 취약할 수밖에 없다. 건설업이 타 산업에 비해 재해율 및 사망률이 높고, 위험/특수한 작업환경, 다양한 국적 및 중장년층 근로자가 많다는 특성을 보았을 때, 위험요인 탐색을 통한 선제적인 건설 업종 현장 안전관리는 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 건설 업종별 체계적인 위험관리를 위한 통찰력(Insight) 확보를 위해 지난 10여 년간 발생한 약 8500여 건의 건설재해사례를 분석하고 업종별 위험요인을 도출하였다. 분석결과 사고 다발 업종과 분석변수인 발생형태, 작업내용, 기인물, 가해물 간의 상호연관성을 살펴본 결과 각 분석변수와 사고 다발 업종은 서로 상호연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 작업내용의 경우 각 업종과의 상호연관성 크기가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 사고 다발 업종 중 철근코크리트공사업과 토공사업은 재해발생빈도가 높을 뿐만 아니라 발생형태, 작업내용, 기인물, 가해물 내 대부분의 위험요인 카테고리에서 위험성이 높은 업종으로 나타났다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

프리젠티즘이란, 몸이 아픔에도 불구하고 회사에 출근을 한 상태로 사회적 비용이 질병휴식보다 훨씬 더 경제학적으로 손해라 알려져 있다. COVID-19 이후, 프리젠티즘에 대한 대응책으로 상병수당에 대한 사회적 논의가 이뤄지고 있으며 특히 농림어업인 근로자는 업무 이외 질병이 발생하였을 때 생계지원에 대한 제도적 장치가 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 제6차 한국근로실태조사를 이용하여 농업, 어업 및 임업종사자와 프리젠티즘과의 연관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 2020년 10월부터 2021년 1월까지 국내 17개 시·도를 대상으로 수행된 제6차 근로환경조사 데이터를 사용하였으며 총 34,981명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 통제변수로는 성별, 연령, 자가 건강평가, 교육수준, 야간근무, 교대근무, 월소득, 직종, 주당 근로시간, 고용상태를 평가하였다. 분석결과 농림어업인은 자영업자, 고령자의 특성을 보였으며, 회귀분석 결과 농림어업인은 다른 산업 종사자에 비해 프리젠티즘 경향성과의 연관성을 분석하였을 때 모든 변수가 보정된 모델에서 농림어업인은 다른 산업 그룹에 비해 프리젠티즘 경향이 23% 증가하였다. 본 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사를 활용하여 대표성을 지닌다는 점, 상병수당에 있어 간과될 수 있는 농림어업인에 대하여 상병수당의 필요성을 객관적으로 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다 할 것이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2012

본 연구는 서울 및 서울 근교지역에서 치위생 업무를 수행하는 치과위생사 273명을 대상으로 직무스트레스 점수, 식행동 점수, 근무환경, 식습관, 스트레스 관련 요인을 조사하여 치과위생사의 건강증진을 위한 기초 자료로 쓰고자 하며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 연령은 25세 이하 46.5%, 26~30세 38.1%로 나타났으며, 교육수준은 전문대 졸업이 71.4%로 가장 많았다. 근무형태는 치과위생사 7명 이상 치과의원이 33.0%, 치과병원 28.2%로 나타났고, 치과위생사 총 경력은 1~3년 38.1%, 3~5년 18.7%, 월 급여는 151~200만원이 46.9%로 가장 많게 나타났다. 2. 식습관과 관련된 요인에서 아침식사를 거르는 주된 원인으로 60.4%가 '시간이 없어서'로 응답하였고, 식습관 중 개선하기 원하는 것은 33.0%가 과식을 꼽았으며, 과식 혹은 폭식을 하는 경우는 51.6%가 스트레스 때문이라고 응답하였다. 3. 본인 스트레스 자각 정도는 15.8%가 스트레스를 '매우 많이', 43.2%가 '많이 느낀다'고 응답하였고, 스트레스 원인으로 39.6%가 업무량을, 동료관계가 28.2%로 나타났다. 스트레스 해결방법은 39.9%가친구들과 수다로 가장 많이 해결하고 있으며, 스트레스 시 선호하는 맛은 매운맛 54.2%로 가장 높았고, 스트레스 후 식사 섭취량의 증가는 12.1%가 평소보다 매우 많이, 49.8%가 평소보다 많이 먹는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 직무스트레스가 높은 상위 그룹에서 본인 스트레스 자각 정도가 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 5. 직무스트레스 점수가 높은 군에서 신경예민(p<0.01), 허리 통증(p<0.001), 눈의 피로(p<0.01), 두통(p<0.01), 소화불량(p<0.01)을 경험하고 있어, 직무스트레스가 건강에 영향을 끼치고 있음이 드러났다. 6. 직무스트레스와 식행동의 관계에서는 직무스트레스가 높을수록 식행동이 불량한 것(p<0.01)으로 조사 되었고, 사후분석(LSD)을 실시한 결과 Middle rank>Middle rank>High rank 순으로 직무스트레스가 식습관 정도에 대해 차이(p<0.05)가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 7. 치과위생사 3명 이하 치과의원에서 직무스트레스 점수가 높았고(p<0.05), 식행동 점수도 낮게 나타났으며, 주 4일 야간진료를 하는 그룹에서 직무스트레스가 높고, 식행동 점수도 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 근무 중 휴식 시간이 없는 경우 직무스트레스 점수가 높게 나타났고(p<0.001), 식행동 점수도 낮게 드러났으며(p<0.01), 스트레스 자각을 매우 많이 느끼는 경우 직무스트레스 점수가 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.001), 식행동 점수도 가장 불량하게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 직무스트레스가 식행동 및 식습관뿐만 아니라 건강상태에도 불량하게 영향을 끼치는 것으로 확인 되었기에 각 사업장에서는 치과위생사의 건강증진을 위해 다양한 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.