• 한국항만학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.93-110
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• 1992

The most change in this century is supposed to be declination of ideology, and block of world economy. Addition to down full of cold war atmosphere around Northeast Asia, not only economic and social mood in this region is dramatically changed, but also it gave birth to the block of Northeast economy that accerlated new hub of world economy. According to dramatic change of economic surroundings the dynamic potential of growth in this region will be guided to enlarge inter-regional trade and increase volume of trade, thus suggests to grow steadily transportation. cargos in this region will have to arrange the system of delivery and inner transportation, accessary facilities, inter-regional harbors if North America and EC has connected easily. As have accerlated GATT and UR represented multilateralism and regionalism, it has regulated to increase trades of region due to relief of the trade barrier through specific areas has agreed with separately. The flow of regionalism of world economy has appeared to realize EC and NAFTA centered U.S.A, and also has presented to free trade region or one-size market agreement in Asia as APEC, EAEG in Malaysia, and etc. In defense to this block and internationalism of world economy, Pusan has to come forward to the hub of Northeast others has proposed a project to dominate the Northeast, Economy Association Agreement as Far East comprehensive development project in USSR, Hunchun development project in NK, and East Sea development project in PRC, Niigate regional development in Japan, Duman River development project in NK, and East Sea development project in Korea. As this exercise has proceed, Pusan also have arranged development strategy definitely and prepared provisions systematically. Engaging to participate center of delivery system is meant to be completed complex functions, namely the transfer storage processing & assembly function of international commodity. Pusan has ability to be terminal point of TSR. it had been connected to EC as the biggest economy block and TKR as complex transportation root to Far East, it would be the center of inground and seabase delivery terminal to Rotterdom as the biggest container pier and major piers to North-East and South East Asia. In order to provide a Role of 21 century's internationalization, Pusan has appealed to participate in management information research and development connected to Pohang-Ulsan-Changwon-Masan, and has utilized efficiently the resources such as man, material, money and information.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2003

The word 'Neo-Modern' means the revival of modernism, specially the concept of the White Geometry of Le corbusier and Mies van de Rohe, and the Neo-Modern movement in architecture indicates the leading aspects appeared in 1990's. Modern architecture was a formalistic art movement. With its historical roots, in Europe extending back to the avant- garde modern architecture in 1920's, Neo-Modern appeared with the name of New York Five, in 1970's. In Japan, there has been an outstanding movements presenting Modernism architectural charateristics, since 1980's. The characteristics of these works can be discerned from the those of Regionalism of Historicalism in 1980's. This study is to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the works of Japanese Neo-Modern architects and to contribute to defining the word, 'Neo-Modernism'. In chapter one, the background, purpose and methode of study are presented. In chapter two, the concept and historical background of 'Neo-Modernism' are studied. In chapter three, the characteristics of Neo-Modernism are studied on the basis of the main concepts and formal characteristics of modernism and New york Five. In chapter four, the tradition of Modernism inside the history of Japanese architecture were studied, specially focused on Metabolism. In chapter five, The characteristics of Neo-modern expressions used in the 18 exhibition and cultural facilities in Japan, established after 1980, are analyzed in terms of 4 expression categories. In chapter six, a synthetic conclusion is presented.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2005

The Seoul Housing Corporation pronounced a design competition for Eunpyeng New Town District 2 in March of 2005. The authors collaborated on this design and won rot prize. Design guidelines of this competition were to make environmentally sustainable design, to develop as a resort site and cultural place for everyday life of residents, to link with green fabric of the district, and to elevate positive image and identity of Eunpyeng New Town district by creating a attractive landscape. The authors developed design concept and strategy within the guidelines and site conditions. The environmental setting of this site was characterized by mountain to the rear of the site with a stream passing through the district and the front of the site. This is the most important condition for the location principle of residence in Fung Shui theory. Therefore, the schema of the design was introduced by Fung Shui and Chi of place. To evolve design concept, we reinterpret the Fung Shui and Chi in the site combining with modem landscape design strategy, so that good place making could bring about well-being life of residents. By doing that, design concept of the proposal evolved as follows: 'fullness of comfortable life', 'adaptation of nature', 'inspiration of natural force'. This design approach is critical reevaluation of regional characters employing modem strategy. It is a conscious strategy of critical regionalism as distinguished from the traditional site oriented approach. The following are some of the major features in the design: green network and water recycle system in the site, promenade of forest with the experience nature, link to community core, theme gardens with plants having strong fragrances, terrace gardens with different level of housing type, playgrounds and resting places with many types, human scale facilities for residents.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 1990년대 이후 경제, 정치, 사회문화, 도시 공간 및 환경 등 제 측면에서 전개되고 있는 대전의 새로운 도시화 과정을 경험적으로 확인하려는 것이다. 선진국의 경우 1980년대 이후 세계 경제 구조의 변화 속에서, 이른바 포드주의적 사회경제체제에서 탈포드주의적 사회경제체제로의 전환이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 변화는 선진국의 주요 대도시에 영향을 미쳐, 사회 부문별 및 도시 공간적 측면에서 새로운 도시화 과정이 전개되도록 했다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 대도시에서도 이러한 선진국 대도시들에서 경험하고 있는 새로운 도시화 과정이 나타나는지 여부를 파악하기 위해 대전을 사례로 고찰해 보고자 한다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경제적 측면에서 대전은 1990년대 이후 탈산업화와 경제의 서비스화가 진행되고 있지만, 아직도 기존 경제구조가 근본적으로 전환된 것은 아니며, 기존 산업 유형과 새로운 첨단산업 경제가 공존하고 있다. 둘째, 정치적 측면에서 대전에서는 지역 정당인 자민련의 독점 구조가 해소되고 있으며, 시민운동의 활성화가 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 셋째, 도시 공간적 측면에서 원도심의 쇠퇴가 진행되는 반면, 둔산과 유성의 신도심 지역의 발전이 확연하게 나타나고 있다. 결론적으로 대전에서 새로운 도시화의 단서들이 나타나고 있지만, 서구의 대도시들에서 나타나는 현상보다 훨씬 약하며 다소 상이한 모습을 보이고 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2000

The region of Southeast Asia had already experienced rapid urbanization and cultural change before the East Asia region did. None the less, nowadays shophouses and rowhouses still form the major portion of streets in Chinese town in Southeast Asia countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the adaptation process of shophouse and rowhouse in the Southeast Asia region and the architectural characteristics between the middle of 18th and the early of 20th, which Chinese people of the region inherit and develop, for more thorough understanding of cultural adaptability and regionalism of Chinese architecture in Southeast Asia. The common fact found in the Southeast Asia region is that Chinese people in countries of this region gradually started to live densely as a group in a certain zone in city area since they got to play important roles in commerce, trade and service works related with cities, due to European countries' advance into Southeast Asia and their construction of colonial cities in the region. Chinese people in the region utilized residential rowhouse and special shophouse, which is a kind of shop adapted from rowhouses' sitting room or storage, for their commercial and industrial activities in urban areas, which had problems of limited space. They also realized high densities through vertical expansion of space in order to adjust to changing urban structure under execution of urban planning in cities of colonial area and rapid urbanization. Even though residence of Chinese in Southeast Asia was influenced by new political, social, economic and cultural rules of European colonies in Southeast Asia, it has continuously succeeded to the cultural tradition of China, their home country, in terms of planning principle which puts air well in the middle and hierarchial spacial construction method. Appearance of the open connected verandah, designed by Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore, can be regarded as one of the architectural characters. Hence, Chinese residence in cities of Southeast Asia can be understood as a new regional architectural culture in the context of European countries' urban planning and urbanization of colonial areas, Immigrants from southern China and their role, their adjustment to urban areas by utilizing mixed type houses of residence and business, cultural tradition of Chinese home country.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the regionality of RCR Arquitectes's architectural characteristics and to figure out how these characteristics were applied to each project. The reason why they become world-class architects, who recently awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize, is because they deal with universality as their most previous inspiration which is harmonized with their own experience of hometown, Olot. They pursue "Equilibrium" is their fundamental aspect which is inspired by their experiences in Olot. The concept "Equilibrium" is classified into three main points. First, the close relationship between the landscape and architecture is priority in this concept, which is the potential of the place through architecture to form a new landscape and to pursue a balance with nature. In order to keep the relationship closer, they captured the intuitive idea through the watercolor sketch in the beginning of the project. And they also promoted the involvement of surrounding nature through horizontality, frame and void, etc. Secondly, they used cor-ten steel as the main material for most projects, and the symbiotic relationship with nature that allow people to have a different sensory experience. And the last feature is that their buildings are easily applied to different usage through users intend and behave so their buildings have transformed with various values. It is because they design buildings with strategy to harmonize between landscape and environment so they have various expansion as buildings or objects. The present era of globalization, architecture with regional identity plays an important role in conveying the values of each region. The purpose of this study is to investigate about RCR Arquitectes, who informed about the Olot and Spain's regionality, and to consider the development of architecture that implies our country's identity.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2023

This article will analyze and forecast important variables and dynamics in global power politics after the war in Ukraine. It tries to use several perspectives to analyze international relations, particularly liberal internationalism and structural realism. In short, core variables are as follows; First, how is the US-led liberal international order and globalization being adjusted? Second, how will the U.S.-China strategic competition, which is the biggest and structural variable, cause changes in the international order in the future? The third variable, how stable are Sino-Russia relations in the context of a structuring U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle? Fourth, to what extent will third middle hedging states outside the U.S. and China be able to exercise strategic autonomy in the face of multipolarization? To summarize, the first of these four variables is the largest basic variable at the global political and economic level in terms of its impact on the international community, and it has been led by the United States. The second variable, in terms of actors, seems to be the most influential structural variable in global competition, and the US-China strategic competition is likely to be a long game. Thus the world will not be able to escape the influence of the competition between the two global powers. For South Korea, this second variable is probably the biggest external variable and dilemma. The third variable, the stability of Sino-Russia relations, determines balance of global power in the 21st century. The U.S.-China-Russia strategic new triangle, as seen in the current war in Ukraine, will operate as the greatest power variable in not only global power competition but also changes in the international order. Just as the U.S. is eager for a Sino-Russia fragmentation strategy, such as a Tito-style wedge policy to manage balance of power in the early years of the Cold War, it needs a reverse Kissinger strategy to reset the U.S.-Russia relationship, in order to push for a Sino-Russia splitting in the 21st century. But with the war in Ukraine, it seems that this fragmentation strategy has already been broken. In the context of Northeast Asia, whether or not the stability of Sino-Russia relations depends not only on the United States, but also on the Korean Peninsula. Finally, the fourth variable is a dependent variable that emerged as a result of the interaction of the above three variables, but simultaneously it remains to be seen that this variable is likely to act as the most dynamic and independent variable that can promote multilateralism, multipolarization, and pan-regionalism of the global international community in the future. Taking into account these four variables together, we can make an outlook on the change in the international order.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제78권
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• pp.177-205
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• 2016

이 연구는 지역신문 기자들의 직업이동을 통해 지역언론의 현실과 기자들의 직업정체성 변화를 살펴보고자 했다. <대전일보>, <중도일보>, <충청투데이>의 대전지역 3개 종이신문에서 퇴직한 기자들이 어떤 이유로, 어디에서 어디로, 어떻게 경력 이동했는지를 알아본 결과, 동종 종이신문과 인터넷신문 같은 저널리즘 영역에서 활동하는 기자들이 있는가 하면 정치 행정 학계 경제 문화예술 등 여러 분야로 이직했다. 이들이 신문을 떠난 이유는 보수 복지 미흡과 미래비전 부재가 가장 많았으며 구조조정, 취재보도 활동제약, 많은 업무량도 영향을 주었다. 1997년 IMF 외환위기 이전 언론노동시장은 공채로 입사해 평기자, 차장, 부장, 국장으로 승진하는 전형적인 내부노동시장이었지만 뉴미디어의 등장과 신문기업의 경영난으로 내부노동시장이 약화되고 있음을 보여줬다. 기자들은 자기 개발을 통해 전문성을 높여 직업을 바꾸기보다는 지연 학연, 출입처 같은 사회자본을 적극적으로 활용함으로써 지역신문 본연의 감시비판 기능을 위축시키는 부작용과 함께 기자들의 직업정체성까지 훼손시키고 있었다.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.289-332
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• 2012

In this paper, based on the theory of performance studies and community-based theatre, I venture to explicate the socio-political significance of director Yim Jin-Taek's community-based performance called 'madanggut', which is heavily based on elements of indigenous culture. Yim's madanggut utilizes elements of indigenous cultures and searches for 'the Korean ethnic (arche)type' as 'the ideal Korean type' or 'genuine Korean-ness' for the reconstruction of 'the Korean ethnic community.' This paper interrogates the major task of Yim Jin-Taek's madanggut, which ideologically promulgates the idea of ethnocentric patriarchy supported by the traditional (mainly Confucianist) notion of 'community' - inquiring if this type of theatre can provide useful and practical prospects for imagining a more democratic and plural civilian society in Korea today, when the interaction of globalization, nationalism, regionalism, and localism simultaneously impact our everyday life and cultural identification. Regarding the recent global phenomenon of the resurgence of nationalism, I looked at madanggut's use of symbolic resources from the past for imaginative communal bonding as a nation. But, the claimed homogeneity of the national past by means of 'nation conflation' of different social groups is an illusionary conceptualization, and the national historiography silences memories of the marginalized groups and denies their histories. It is certain that in Korea nationalism has historically performed an important function during the colonization and democratization period. Nevertheless, as Yim's Nokdukkot realized, it cannot be overlooked that as a representative of 'the Korean ethnic community,' 'the protecting man/the sacrificial woman' is contradictory to the plural and lateral thinking of participatory democracy in community-building. It is time to think about a new political language that relates individuals to the community and nation. 'The ethnic type' cannot represent the whole nation and the members of the nation should be the examples of the community they belong to for a more democratic society. I have selected Yim's several community-based works mainly from the 1970s to the 1980s since the works provide grounding images, symbols, metaphors, and allegories pertinent to discussing how 'the Korean ethnic community' has been narrativized through the performances of madanggut during the turbulent epoch of globalization. I hope that this paper presents Yim's grounded aesthetics of community-based theatre with fully contoured critical views and ideas.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 1993

본 연구의 목적은 한국 기업에 의한 해외직접투자의 특성을 밝히고, 한국 과 같은 개발도상국 기업의 해외직접투자를 설명하는 데 있어서 기존 해외직접투자 이론의 적용 가능성 정도를 살펴보는 데 있다. 삼성그룹에 대한 조사결과 개도국 기업의 해외직접 투자와 선진국 기업의 그것은 본질적으로 크게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 비록 던닝(Dunnig)의 절충이론(eclectic model)이 다양한 유형의 해외직접투자를 설명하는 데 가장 유용한 설명의 틀을 제공하고 있기는 하지만, 이 이론 또한 개도국 기업에 의한 선진 자본주의 국가에의 직접투자 현상에 대해서는 명쾌한 설명을 하지 못하고 있다. 한국 기업에 의한 초기 해외 직접투자의 근본 이유는 직접투자의 기본 전제조건인 기업특유의 우위요소 (firm-specific advantages)를 이용하는 데 있었다기보다는 기존의 수출시장을 선진국의 무역규제로부터 방 어하는 데 있었다. 따라서 한국 기업의 주된 관심은 선진국 기업에 대한 비교우위 (comparative disadvantages)와 외국비용(Cost of foreignness)을 최소화 하는 데 모아졌다. 한국 기업의 유일한 전략은 (국내 계열기업에서 값싸게 생산된 부품을 피투자국의 현지 조 립라인에 공급하는 방식을 통하여) 한국의 입지적 우위요소와 규모경제의 효과를 기업의 내 부거래 (intra-organizational transactions)를 통하여 피투자국으로 이전하는 것이었다. 하지 만 이러한 임시방편적인 방법은 선진국 정부가 현지에서 의무적으로 조달해야 하는 역내 부 품 공급비율을 크게 상향 조정하자 더 이상 이들 국가의 무역규제를 회피하는 수단이 될 수 없게 되었다. 이러한 변화에 대한 대응책으로 한국 기업은 선진국으로부터 관세와 쿼터 규 제를 받지 않는 주변의 개발도상국에 부품생산 공장을 건설하였다. 부품생산 공장의 입지변 화는 선진국의 무역규제를 우회적으로 회피할 뿐만 아니라 동시에 개도국의 저렴한 노동력 을 활용하기 위한 것이었다. 보다 최근에 한국 기업의 해외직접투자는 피투자국(host countries)의 내수시장과 값싼 노동력을 이용하기 위하여 인도네시아와 중국과 같은 여타의 개도국에 집중되고 있다, 이러한 입지변화는 한국 기업의 대 선진국 직접투자의 수익율이 극히 저조한 데 기인한 것이다. 우리나라 해외직접투자 기업의 이와 같은 입지변화 (선진 자본주의 국가$\longrightarrow$선진국 주변의 개도국$\longrightarrow$기타 개도국)는 해외직접투자가 하나의 지배적인 요 인보다는 다양한 요인에 의해 영향받는 것을 암시하고 있다. 더구나 한국 기업은 선진국 기 업에 비해 극히 제한된 기업특유의 우수요소만을 갖고 있기 때문에 한국 기업의 해외직접투 자는 선진국 기업의 그것과 분명히 다른 특성을 보이고 있다. 하기만 이는 기존의 직접투자 이론이 개도국기업의 다양한 해외직접투자를 설명하는 데 전혀 도움이 되지못한다는 것을 의미하는 것은 아니다. 실제로 기존의 직접투자 이론은 한국 기업에 의한 개도국에의 직접 투자를 잘 설명하고 있다. 직접투자를 통하여 적정 수준의 이윤을 실현하기 위해서는 기업 특유의 우위요소를 확보하는 것이 가장 중요하므로 선진국 기업과 개도국 기업에 의한 해외 직접투자는 장기적인 관점에서 볼 때 커다란 차이를 나타내지 않는다. 본 연구가 발견한 핵 심적인 내용은 해외직접투자 기업이 조직의 내부거래를 통하여 기업특유의 우위요소 뿐단 아니라 국가적 비교 우위 요소를 동시에 피투자국으로 이전한다는 사실이다. 이러한 연구결 과는 상호간에 단절되어 있는 무역이론과 해외직접투자이론을 연결시킬 수 있는 실마리를 제공하는 것으로 보인다. 이는 본국으로부터 피투자국에 공급되는 부품의 가격경쟁력에 투 자국의 국가적 우위요소가 상당한 영향을 미치기 때문이다.