• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

Reversible data embedding theory has marked a new epoch for data hiding and information security. Being reversible, the original data and the embedded data as well should be completely restored. Difference expansion transform is a remarkable breakthrough in reversible data hiding scheme. The difference expansion method achieves high embedding capacity and keeps the distortion low. This paper shows that the difference expansion method with simplified location map, and new expandability and changeability can achieve more embedding capacity while keeping the distortion almost the same as the original expansion method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.678-684
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• 2009

Many researches on the GNSS integer ambiguity resolution methods for precise positioning and attitude determination applications have been done. However, by the time invariant property of the integer ambiguity, the reuse of integer ambiguity without performing time consuming integer search procedure is possible. In this paper, a new efficient integer ambiguity propagation method is proposed. The initial integer ambiguity can be determined using the famous LAMBDA method and it is propagated with the propagation method. The proposed method can reconfigure the integer ambiguity using the previous epoch's integer ambiguity and new carrier phase measurements under environmental variations such as geometry changes, signal blockage and reacquisition. Experiments with real measurements show the proposed method can determine an integer ambiguity effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.910-923
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• 2015

This phenomenological study is to understand the meaning and essence of experience from the perspective of a New Yorker. Participants were 11 Korean single women around 30 years old who work as fashion designers or advertising designers living and working in New York. Data were collected from November, 2013 to February, 2014, and one-to-one in-depth interviews were performed for data collection. Data analysis used the descriptive phenomenological method proposed by Giorgi. Phenomenological research is useful to understand the meaning of the experience for select cases and is used as an epoch and free variation method. The study results were identified from 70 common meanings to 14 exposed themes and 4 essentially themes from a gentile New Yorker's experience. The 4 essential themes were as follows. 1) Self-realization at the highest stage, 2) Indulge in the advanced culture of affluence and freedom, 3) Collapsing every day in depressed foreign workers, and 4) Becoming a rootless gentile New Yorker.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.10
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• pp.1358-1363
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• 1995

This paper presents a new learning method for a noise tolerant Fuzzy ART. In the conventional Fuzzy ART, the top-down and bottom-up weight vectors have the same value. They are updated by a fuzzy AND operation between the input vector and the current value of the top-down or bottom- up weight vectors. However, it can not prevent the abrupt change of the weight vector and can not achieve good performance for a noisy input vector. To solve the problems, we updated using the weighted sum of the input vector and the current value of the top-down vector. To achieve stability, the bottom-up weight vector is updated using the fuzzy AND operation between the newly learned top-down vector and the current value of the bottom-up vector. Computer simulations show that the proposed method prominently resolves the category proliferation problem without increasing the training epoch for stabilization in noisy environments.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.51.2-51.2
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• 2012

Red Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are suspected to intermediate stage between ULIRG and AGN phase. As well as, red AGNs are suspected to have more than 50% of whole AGN population. For understanding the characteristics of red AGN, Black Hole (BH) mass is a key property and can not be estimated by existed method such as reverberation mapping and single epoch method using 5100A continuum and Balmer lines. Thus we still don't know their characteristics and properties in clearly. To estimate properties of red AGNs without the effect of dust extinction, we obtained Near InfraRed (NIR) spectra of 31 reverberation mapped AGNs and 49 Palomar-Green(PG) Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) by using the infrared camera (IRC) of AKARI space telescope with unique wavelength range 2.5-5.0 ${\mu}m$. Upon this spectra, we measured the FWHM and luminosity of Brackett ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ lines for deriving new BH mass estimators of AGNs.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2000

Many companies use models or knowledge management information that suit the industrial epoch. Far from benefiting these organizations, these outdated models seriously undermine their information strategies. This paper examines the key assumptions of any information strategy and demonstrates why they should be considered afresh. Based on this discussion, we proposes a new perspective on knowledge management and suggests how managers can effectively deploy it in the new world of E-business.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.80-80
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• 2010

About 50% of Active Galactic Nuclei(AGNs) are found to be red and dust-obscured. They are believed to be in an early dusty stage of AGNs evolution or affected by dust torus in the direction of line of sight. However, optical spectrum is affected by dust extinction, making it difficult to study their properties, such as FWHM and luminosity. In order to reveal the mass of central Black Hole(BH) in red AGN, we establish a new BH mass estimator for typical type1 AGNs using Near InfraRed(NIR) hydrogen line($P_{\alpha}$ and $P_{\beta}$), since these lines are at longer wavelength, less affected by dust extinction than optical hydrogen lines, such as $H_{\alpha}$ and $H_{\alpha}$. To derive the new empirical formula, we use a sample of well-known 36 AGN with a wide BH mass range of $10^6-10^9\;M_{\odot}$, where $M_{BH}s$ are estimated by reverberation mapping method and single epoch method. The $P_{\alpha}/P_{\beta}$ luminosities and FWHMs are derived by analyzing IRTF NIR spectra or taken from literature values. We show that luminosities and FWHMs of these lines correlate well with those of Balmer lines. Suggesting that Paschen and Balmer broad lines are originated from same region. Finally, we present the new $M_{BH}$ formula that are based on $P_{\alpha}/P_{\beta}$ luminosity and FWHM. We hope that our result will be used for investigating red AGNs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.504-514
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• 2009

Recently, fire monitoring application systems have been an active research area due to the safety of industries, historical monuments and so on. The fire monitoring application systems can reduce the damage of properties by providing earlier warning for possible fire situation. However, the existing systems have a drawback that they detect fire with delay due to their uniform epoch in fire detection algorithm. Moreover, they do not provide user-friendly graphical user interfaces in their fire monitoring systems. To resolve the problems, First, we propose a new fire detection algorithm (Early Fire Detection Fire Algorithm) which uses the distribution of sensing data for early fire detection. Our fire detection algorithm is better in terms of fire detection time than the existing work because it can set a start time of fire detection epoch dynamically based on data distribution. Second, we develop a fire monitoring application system which provides users with both a user-friendly graphical user interface and a fire alarm message when fire occurs. Finally, we show from our experiment that our developed system is effectively used for early fire warning in a variety of fire situations.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.7
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• pp.1759-1769
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• 1997

The Error BackPropagation (EBP) algorithm for multi-layered neural networks is widely used in various areas such as associative memory, speech recognition, pattern recognition and robotics, etc. Nevertheless, many researchers have continuously published papers about improvements over the original EBP algorithm. The main reason for this research activity is that EBP is exceeding slow when the number of neurons and the size of training set is large. In this study, we developed new learning speed acceleration methods using variable learning rate, variable momentum rate and variable slope for the sigmoid function. During the learning process, these parameters should be adjusted continuously according to the total error of network, and it has been shown that these methods significantly reduced learning time over the original EBP. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed methods, first we have used binary data which are made by random number generator and showed the vast improvements in terms of epoch. Also, we have applied our methods to the binary-valued Monk's data, 4, 5, 6, 7-bit parity checker and real-valued Iris data which are famous benchmark training sets for machine learning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.106-115
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• 2007

The Werkbund housing exhibitions in Europe in the 20's and 30's presented various planning concepts and played a important roll for modernization of housing Architecture. This study, therefore, aims to understand the contemporary issues of housing in this period, which showed the meaningful momentum for housing plans today. In order to grasp the general characteristics of exhibition housing the representative cases -Weissenhofsiedlung, Dammerstock, Breslausiedlung, Werkbund Siedlung in $Z\"{u}rich-Neub\"{u}hl$, Werkbundsiedlung Wien und BaBa- were throught documents analyzed. The architects offered an innovative building typology such as row housing and new prototype of housing units accordingly social needs. Especially, In this study housing unitplans were in 6 groups such as flexible type, cabin type, free open plan, Raumplan, functional 2-story type and corridor type categorized. And they were analyzed how deeply technological development, architectural design perceptions as well as functional aspects had on the planning of floorplans reflected. As a result, in the housing exhibitions various architectural ideas presented the "Zeitgeist" not only such as improvement of physical environment of housing, but also such as rationalization, standardization, functionalization, normalization of housing architecture. Also their unitplans corresponded to newly developed building typology and modern household type. As well as they represented notable spatial concepts. Moreover it contributed to create a new paradigm of housing for the new epoch.