• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

The architectural design of student circulation space has a pronounced influence on the educational function of a school building. Recent curriculum and new teaching methods have required the sufficient space provided for circulation and various circulation spaces in a school building, such as elevator, pilotis, bridge, atrium, deck, lobby and locker room. However excessive circulation space is wasteful form the standpoint of both initial investment and operation. This study aims to investigate new circulation patterns and functions, and to propose the adequate size in planning a school corridor. For this purpose, it explores the recent trends of the corridor planning represented in the excellent school facilities in 2002. and analyzes the newly-added functions In the school corridor : architectural in-between space, dwelling space for ordinary activities, space for educational media and auxiliary learning space. This research recommends that the corridor width be carefully planned according to the supposed functions in order to achieve the efficiency in the design of school facilities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2006

Objective : Unique Internal carotid artery angiographic findings have been found especially in very poor grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage[SAH] patients before and during the endovascular coiling. The author investigates their patterns and classifies them into lour subtypes. Methods : Among Hunt&Hess grade IV, V SAH patients, the author could gather eight patients who showed abnormal intracranial circulation in cerebral catheter-based angiography. Results : The author introduces new term 'misery collaterals' first and has classified them into four types with the case illustrations. Type 1 is the worst condition defined as almost no intracranial circulation. Type 2 is the condition of little intracranial circulation with contrast filling just only at vessels of brain base, type 3 is of no or little cortical circulation with contrast filling at bilateral large vessels of brain base through circle of Willis channel and type 4 is of visible bilateral cortical circulation but delayed intracranial circulation time. The prognosis of these eight patients showed misery collaterals were disappointed. Conclusion : These finding can be used as the supportive information in deciding a management plan in poor grade SAH patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

In this paper, the management thoughts of The network-manufacture based on virtual-agile organization is Brief summarized, then an explanation had been made about the virtual circulation economy patterns paradigm, which is integrated the virtual-agile manufacture and circulation economy theory, the critical content of this paradigm, at last we recognized the virtual-agile organization pattern circulation economy is one important trend of the network-manufacture development in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 1999

This study is about the pattern of spatial structures of major university campuses in Korea. The pattern is composed of buildings, circulation, and open space within the campus. It is physical structural system which makes campus more educational environment as well as new academic landscape. The pattern is checked on the basis of existing sub-patterns of eleven universities with base data by using computer program, Autocad and Landcadd. The result is that most of campus spatial structures consists of simple and unified grid pattern. Basic educational facilities are at the center of the whole structure as well. Some universities are located in suburb and have large site which makes it more open space oriented pattern, more various exterior space and more specific circulation system. So the campus patterns of recently built is more diverse and has more design components. In most cases, campus does not have strong spatial coherence among its buildings, circulation, and open space. It is important to develop Korean formal campus spatial structure which is intrinsic to its site and is proper to its academic plan. Campus spatial structure should be formulated to embrace diverse demands of university and to accumulate unique university landscape.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.545-561
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• 2018

Over the North East Asia, extreme anomalous precipitation were observed in 2013 and 2014. During 2013 summer the precipitation was found to be higher (two standard deviation) than the climatological mean of the region; whereas during 2014, which was a borderline El Ni?o year, precipitation was found to be lower (one standard deviation). To understand the differences of these two anomalous years the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) has been used. The study found that low landsurface temperature and high sea-surface temperature over ocean caused a smaller land-sea contrast of surface temperature between East Asia and North West Pacific Ocean in 2014, which could have caused an eastward shift of mean monsoon circulation in that year compared to the circulation in 2013. Due to a change in the lower level circulation and wind field over East Asia the evaporation and moisture transport patterns became very different in those two years. In 2013, this study found high latent heat flux over Eastern China, which implies an increased surface evaporation over that region, and the moisture transported to the north by the mean monsoon circulation; whereas, there was no correlated transport of moisture to the North East Asia during 2014. The precipitable water over North East Asia has a stronger correlation with the latent heat flux over southern land region than that from Ocean region in the eastern side in both the years. A new approach is proposed to estimate the sub-grid scale hydrometeors from GRIMs, overestimated in the existing model.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2023

As interest in the environment and sustainability increases, a tendency to pursue eco-design is emerging. Sustainable design coincides with the Korean aesthetic sense of applying the principle of the circulation of nature. This study examined Korean traditional furniture, Bandaji, from the perspective of historical and cultural sustainability and extracted and adopted a sustainability-related motif. The purpose of this study was to develop a creative bag design that reflects Korean tradition and strengthens artistry. First, a bag was produced based on the morphological characteristics of Gyeonggi-do Bandaji. Second, though the original overall design was maintained, the decorative patterns were modified by, for example, increasing the number of ear decorations on the surface of the bag and reducing the number of traps. Third, a new geometric pattern was created for the surface of the bag; this entailed moving the position of the handle-shaped ear ornament and the leather. Fourth, new decorative patterns were drawn on the surface. This study is meaningful in that it presents a sustainable bag production methodology that reflects Korean aesthetics. It also showcases a designer's unique, creative, and artistic bag design. It is expected that design work inspired by Korean formative beauty will be an opportunity to simultaneously utilize and support various Korean cultural assets and artworks.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2018

Turner and Penn (1) from UCL have proved that Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) can be used as a more accurate method to predict the pedestrian distribution in building spaces. However, this methodology neglects certain elements that are of special influence on pedestrian distribution in buildings, especially the entrances and exits. Based on Space Syntax, this dissertation improves on the traditional method of Visibility Graph Analysis, using three shopping centers in Shenzhen as examples, attempts to explore a new parameter - "attenuation index of pedestrians at the entrances and exits" - using relevant data of the entrances and exits of the three cases, and combines it with traditional VGA analysis through weighted calculation, in order to provide more accurate predictions of pedestrian patterns in shopping centers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.59-76
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about environmental severity and new social, economic, and cultural changes. Conscious fashion, which is oriented to sustainable and valuable consumption, has become a trend to consume products produced using eco-friendly and ethical processes, from the selection of the product materials to the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to identify the concepts and characteristics of conscious fashion and zero waste, and to explore design trends of zero wastein the new normal era of conscious fashion through the analysis of various cases. The research method is a literature review on conscious fashion based on relevant professional and academic books and articles, designer collections, and campaigns from 2010 to the present, when conscious fashion as eco-friendliness and sustainable fashion became a trend. The concept and characteristics of conscious fashion were examined them in terms of environmental, ethical, social, and cultural aspects and the concept and characteristics of zero waste through previous studies and case analysis. Through this, the trends of zero-waste design in conscious fashion were categorized into: first, an eco-friendly design orientation that utilizes reuse and reduce methods of clothing and fabric; second, a variable design orientation that practices zero waste designs by using diversity of patterns through deconstruction, disassembly, and various cutting methods. Third, long-term circulation of design through the recycling of resources by second-hand trade, the utilization of stock clothing, resale, and availability of eco-friendly materials through the development of new technologies. As an active practice for the sustainable fashion industry expands, it is expected that continuous research will be conducted as a future core value to realize the possibility of long-term circular zero-waste design through social responsibility and conscious recycling, reuse, and reproduction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.198-210
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tourists' circulations and behaviors at one of the representative dark tourism sites in Seoul, named Seodaemun Prison History Hall. This study conducts direct observation and behaviour tracking or follow-up survey based on traffic circulation and visitors' Muse-Ethogram extracted from the previous studies. The result of tourists' actual circulations shows that main tourists' flows of study areas consist of 3 approaches; suggested, unstructured and directed approaches. And tourists' behaviors such as moving(M), stop looking(SL), and reading(RE) reveal with the highest frequency. This study finds the 'expressing feeling(EXP)' as a new visitor' behavior in dark tourism site. The highest frequency of visitors' movement patterns is stop looking-reading-move(SL-RE-M). The results of this study could be used as a planning and design guidelines of dark tourism related to exhibition circulation, visitors' behaviors and development of exhibition content.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.162-177
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• 2003

It has been known that the color of skin reflects the blood flow within. In lips, the capillaries close to the skin surface are numerous; hence lips are redder than the rest of face. However, dermatological research on lips is not as advanced as research on facial or body skin, and little was known about the relationship between relatively dull-colored lips and skin blood flow. The physiological differences between colorful and dull-colored lips were studied by a two-dimensional laser Doppler blood flow analyzer, a spectrometer for the measurement of the degree of oxygen saturation, and a confocal microscope for observing inside lips non-invasively. Dull-colored lips and the corner of lips (dull-colored compared to the center) showed relatively poor blood flow and lower oxygenated hemoglobin. It was found that colorful lips (generally the young) had a blood flow that tended to run straight in parallel with the skin surface. This unique blood-capillary structure can express clear red blood. Those with dull-colored lips had lost this unique structure. Their blood ran perpendicularly from the deep of the skin and down back again into the deep part as like the blood circulation patterns of facial skin. Therefore, the lips of the latter group had fewer blood capillaries near skin surface in the lips than that of the colorful-lips group. A lipstick containing a-glucosyl-hesperidin, which is derived from certain citrus fruits and can enhance blood circulation, was applied for evaluating its effects. Blood flow was increased 30 min after the application. After two weeks of daily application, the lips' condition became noticeably less dull. These findings suggest that the decrease of blood flow in dull-colored lips is caused by the loss of the unique capillary structure and the use of the lipstick to increase blood flow can give a vivid color to lips.