• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2002

본 연구는 $TiO_2$ 광촉매 및 응집-여과-중화공정을 거친 아크릴폐수를 UF(tubular)/RO(spiral wound)공정에 적용하여 적용압력과 온도변화에 따른 성능변화를 고찰하였다. 한외여과 관형모듈에서 광촉매 전처리수와 응집-여과-중화 전처리수의 COD, T-N은 온도 및 압력변화에 크게 영향을 받지 않고, 제거효율도 낮은 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. TDS 및 turbidity의 경우 한외여과 관형 모듈에서 광촉매 전처리수가 응집-여과-중화공정의 처리수에 비해 처리효율이 우수함을 확인하였다. T-N, TDS는 역삼투막 공정에서 우수한 제거효율을 나타내었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Lack of understanding of the process chemistry and thermodynamics are the major reasons that can is lead to thermal runaway reaction in the chemical reaction process. The evaluation of reaction factors and thermal behavior in neutralization process of pigment plant are described in this paper. The experiments were performed in the C 80 calorimeter, and Thermal Screening Unit($TS^{u}$). The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of thermal stability in terms of safety reliability to be practical applications. It suggested that we be proposed safe operating conditions and securities for accident prevention through this study.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1966

The preparation of bismuthsubnitrate for the purpose of medicine, with both crude and refined bismuth metals, has been performed by applying the following methods: (A) Neutralization process, (B) Hydrolysis process. On the basis of results of a series of experiments, the following conclusion was obtained: 1) The quantitative determination showed that there was little difference between these two processes, in their yields. However the process (B), hydrolysis method was technically more simple than (A), neutralization method, and purity of final product by process (B) was found to be much more superior to (A). 2) It was found that bismuthsubnitrate products obtained from refined bismuth metal was almost the same with imported ones (Fisher, Squibb, etc.) in their purities.

• 기술사
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.6-15
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• 1985

A new process disregraded the H$_2$SO$_4$ treatment process heretofore in use, was developed and substituted for mineral base engine used oil of homemade SAE-30 grade H.V.I., which was used covering 4,500km, as samples, and the following results in research, was obtained. (1) A good quality of rerefinded base oil was obtained through roughly a course of developed processes of vacuum distillation process, solvent extraction process, neutralization treatment process and clay treatment process. (2) Through vacuum distillation process, the size of fine grains of insoluble colloid carbon that is, colloid carbon which was produced by burning of internal combustion engine oil and fuel, could be brought up and precipitated (3) The insoluble matters and admixtures could be easily dispersed and dissolved by mixing and extracting solvent disregarded the H$_2$SO$_4$ treatment process heretofore in use (4) waste matter heretofore called acid sludge in consequence of the process, did not appear at all. accordingly, the environmental pollution could be removed. (5) The troubles of corrosion to copper strip which was faults of the usual used oil refined products and peculiar offensive odor of the rerefined oil, could be solved through the neutralization process. (6) The yield of rerefined oil obtained through a course of processes was over 86 percent, and it is of practical use, not to speak of commercial value.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1989년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; Seoul, Korea; 27-28 Oct. 1989
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• pp.786-789
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• 1989

A nonlinear self-tuning regulator for a neutralization process of a weak acid and strong base system is proposed. Rearranging the state equation of the process model, we first obtain equations which are linear for a manipulated variable or unknown parameters. Then to these equations we apply the standard procedure used in designing linear self-tuning regulators. Simulation results show that the regulator provides very good performances for various realistic situations and traces variations of the unknown parameters. Since computations are simple and additional measurements except the effluent pH value are only flow rates of influent streams, it can be easily applied to real processes such as a waste water treatment process.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 Language, Information, and Computation Proceedings of The 16th Pacific Asia Conference
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• pp.135-146
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• 2002

The so-called overapplication of Coda Neutralization in Korean, the occurrence of a neutralized consonant in a non-neutralizing environment, is often considered as evidence for serial derivation. In this paper I propose that the neutralization effect at surface is not a result of a phonological process at an intermediate level in serial derivation, but due to a constraint requiring the integrity of the morphological constituent: EDGE-INTEGRITY. It is argued that this is not reducible to an alignment constraint, but a genuine faithfulness constraint on the edge of a morphological constituent. The putative opacity related with the coda neutralization is shown to be an epiphenomenon arising from the ambisyllabic representation of a consonant at a morphological juncture, satisfying both EDGE-INTEGRITY arid Syllabic Conditions. Consonant Copy in the Jeju dialect provides further evidence for EDGE-INTEGRITY, the Only difference being that the conflict between Syllabic Conditions and EDGE-INTEGRITY is resolved by insertion of a copied consonant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.314-319
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• 1995

Antacid granules were prepared by agglomeration and powder method in high speed agitation type granulator. The copmositions of the test antacids were sodium bicarbonate nad magnesium carbonate nad a coating material was powder of polyvinylacetal diethyl-aminocacetate (AEA) and an additive material was talc powder. The dissolution characteristics of base from the antacid granules were investigated to evaluate neutralization capacity of hydrochloric profile of base and neutralization behavior, the following results were obtained : The prepared granules showed a pH-dependent dissolution pattern of a base. The dissolution profile of a base was varied with addition of talc powder as well as coating amount of AEA. The relationship between the ratio of dissolution retarded time for 20% and 10% AEA. The relationship between the ratio of dissolution retarded time for 20% AEA coated granules $\theta_{20}/\theta_{10}$ and the diameter reduction of the granules was explained by the rate process of neutralization of hydrochloric acid.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2021

Since the amount of red mud, generated from aluminum smelting process as a by-product, has increased worldwide, the recycle and metal resource recovery from the red mud is becoming more important. In this study, in order to recycle the red mud as a soil stabilizer to remediate arsenic contaminated soils, neutralization of red mud was investigated. Red mud was neutralized by washing with distilled water and NaCl, CaCl₂, FeCl₃, and HCl solutions and heating at 200-800℃, and arsenic stabilization characteristics in soils were evaluated with the neutralized red mud. Although washing with distilled water was not effective in neutralizing red mud, the application of the washed red mud to soils lowered the soil pH compared to the application of untreated red mud. Among NaCl, CaCl₂, FeCl₃, and HCl solutions, washing with FeCl₃ showed the most effective in lowering pH of the red mud from pH 10.73 to pH 4.26. Application of the neutralized red mud in soils resulted in quite different arsenic stabilization efficiency depending on soil samples. In M1 soil, which showed relatively high arsenic stabilization efficiency by untreated red mud, the neutralization of red mud resulted in little effect on arsenic stabilization in soil. On the other hand, in M2 soil, which showed low arsenic stabilization efficiency by untreated red mud, the neutralization of red mud increased arsenic stabilization significantly. Soil characteristics such as clay minerals and pH buffering capacity seemed to affect reactions between red mud and soils, which resulted in different effects of the red mud application on soil pH and arsenic stabilization efficiencies.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2018

기존 연구에서 초임계$CO_2$($scCO_2$)-물-순활골재 반응을 이용한 폐콘크리트 순환골재의 중성화(pH 저감) 처리에서 가장 문제시되었던 오랜 처리시간의 한계(최대 50일)를 최소 3시간까지 단축하는 배치실험과 칼럼실험을 수행하였다. 모르타르(골재를 포함하지 않은 시멘트+모래 혼합체)와 모르타르에 골재를 포함하는 2 종류의 순환골재를 실험에 사용하였다. 입자 크기별로 분류한 세 종류의 폐모르타르 시료에 대하여 $scCO_2$-물-폐모르타르 반응 시간을 1시간부터 24시간까지 다하게 설정하여 반응시킨 후, 폐모르타르의 pH가 지속적으로 9.8 이하로 낮게 유지되는 최소 반응시간을 결정하는 용출 배치실험을 실시하였다. 실제 현장에서 다량의 순환골재를 중성화 처리하는 경우 비평형상태에서 용출이 발생하는데, 이러한 kinetic 효과를 고려한 순환골재의 실제 pH 저감 효율을 측정하고자 대형 칼럼 연속 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 배치실험의 경우, 고압셀 내부에서 3차 증류수 70 mL와 순환골재 시료 35 g을 혼합한 후 100 bar, $50^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 1시간 ~ 24시간 동안 반응시켜 중성화 처리하였다. 처리 후 건조시킨 폐모르타르 시료 10 g + 증류수 50 ml의 비율(1:5 비율)로 혼합하여 10분 동안 150 rpm으로 교반한 후 정치시키고, 총 15일 동안 용출시간 별로 용출수의 pH를 측정하였다. 중성화 처리 후 순환골재의 광물학적 변화를 확인하기 위하여 처리 전/후 XRD, TG/DTA 등의 분석을 실시하였다. 대형 칼럼(직경 16 cm, 높이 1 m) 용출실험을 위해 순환골재 2 종류를 대상으로 3시간 동안 중성화 처리한 순환골재와 처리하지 않은 순환골재로 칼럼을 충진한 후, 증류수를 칼럼 상부에 설치된 스프링클러를 통하여 일정하게 총 220 L를 주입하였다. 칼럼에 충진된 순환골재를 통과하여 하부로부터 유출되는 유출수의 pH와 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 시간별로 측정하였다. 배치실험 결과 폐모르타르 시료(직경 10 ~ 13 mm)의 경우 3시간의 중성화 처리에 의해 용출액의 pH가 법적 허용기준인 9.8이하를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. $scCO_2$ 반응 후 골재의 XRD, TG/DTA 분석 결과, 중성화 처리에 의해 시멘트 모르타르의 주성분인 포틀랜다이트($Ca(OH)_2$) 성분이 감소한 반면 방해석($CaCO_3$)이 2차 광물로 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 칼럼 실험 결과 중성화 처리한 순환골재의 용출수는 kinetic 효과를 고려한 경우에도 굵은골재와 잔골재 모두 용출수의 pH가 9.8 이하로 유지되어, $scCO_2$를 이용한 순환골재의 3시간 중성화 처리에 의해 건설현장에서 재활용이 가능한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.124.1-124
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• 2001

Control of pH neutralization process plays a very important role in some chemical process. Because of their high nonlinearity, frequent disturbance, and time-varying characteristics, it is difficult to control and estimate pH processes. For the adaptive control of pH processes, a lot of researchers have made an efforts in the modeling and control of pH processes. It is very difficult to obtain information of influent stream such as concentrations and dissociation constants and the titration curve equation is very complex. Therefore, several simple models, which hate small number of unknown parameters and estimate the titration curve, have been available, These models were considered here and were transformed into forms that can applied the linear least square method.