• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.177-179
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• 1989

This study was carried out to investigate the compositions of free sugars, lipids, and nonvolatile organic acids in parts of omija. The major components of free sugars in each part of omija were fructose and glucose. The contents of those were similar in fruits and endocarps, however, the content of glucose was 1.5 times as much as that of fructose in seeds. The content of lipids in endocarps was 2.4 times as much as that in seeds, and major composition of lipids was neutral lipid. In the contents of nonvolatile organic acids, the content of citric acid that content was 61 to 68% depend on each part of sample was highest among other components, and that of malic acid being 25 to 30% was followed. The contents of nonvolatile organic acids of water extract were 74.5, 55.9, and 69.2% as high as those of original sample in fruits, endocarps, and seeds, respectively. The content of oxalic acid in seeds was lower than that of it in original sample.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 1983

In the present study, in attempt was made to observe the effect of lipid components in pantocrin and antler velvet and sponge layers extracts on the aldolase activity in the rat spinal nerves. The antler chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts are known to be composed of neutral lipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, spingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and gangliosides. The antler extracts were studied on the aldolase activity in the rat spinal nerves. The aldolase activity was measured by the method of Lehninger. To investigate the components of tile extracts which affect the enzyme activity, the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts of antler were fractionated into petroleum ether soluble and insoluble fractions and their effects on the enzyme activity were compared. It was found that the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts of the antler sponge and velvet layers as well as those petroleum ether soluble fractions obtained from the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts, decrease the aldolase activity by 18-23%. However, pantocrin showed increasing effect on the aldolase activity by 42.6%. The petroleum ether insoluble fraction of the chloroform-methanol (2:1) -extract showed no significant increasing activity (about 13%) on the spinal nerves aldolase. The components of pantocrin ind the petroleum ether insoluble fractions were attempted to analysize by thin layer (silica gel) and gas liquid chromatography.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 1994

Anthocyanins were isolated and identified from grape peels which were wasted much in Korea, and their characteristics were as follows .Isolated pigments from grape peels were 11 varieties such as 5 varieties of 3, 5-diglucoside (DG), 6 varieties of 3-monoglucoside (MG), and acylated pigment was 2 varieties of them. Malvidin was 4 varieties , petunidin , peonidin and delphinidin 2 varieties in each, and cyanidin 1 variety of 11 vareities. Malvidin -3, 5-diglucoside and peonidin -3, 5-diglucoside of anthocyanins were above 48% in total anthocyanins content of 114.99mg/g in dried skins. Breakdown of anthocyanins was higher become intimate neutral pH, but stable to stroage period for 7-days. Hyperchromic effects were showed when sugars were added in pigment extract of grape peels, the highest value was glucose and the next ordor was fructose and sucrose. Breakdown velosity of anthocyanins was higher when ascorbic acid was added, but its velocity was reduced in anaerobic state . Absorption degree by organic acid treatment was higher than control, and anthocyanins were stable to storage period for 7 days.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

Purification and characterization of intracellular cellulase produced by A. oryzae ITCC-4857.01 are reported. The enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose followed by Gel filtration. The purification achieved was 41 fold from the crude extract with yield of 27%. The purified enzyme showed single band on poly acrylamide gel. The molecular weight as determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration was 38 KDa and 38.6 KDa respectively and contained only one subunit. The enzyme is glycoprotien as nature and contained 0.67% neutral sugar. The apparent Km value of the enzyme against cellulose was 0.83%. The enzyme showed the highest relative ativities on CMC followed by avicel, salicin and filter paper. The optimum pH of activity was 5.5 and very slight activity was observed at or above pH 7.5 as well as bellow pH 3.5. The optimum tempreture of the activity was $45^{\circ}C$ and the highest activity was exhibited in 35 to $45^{\circ}C$. The enzyme lost their activities almost completely (95${\sim}$100%) at $80^{\circ}C$ or above and as well as bellow $25^{\circ}C$.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권16호
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• pp.112-122
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• 1995

TEN-STORIED STONE PAGODA ON THE SITE OFWON-GAKSA(Temple) which is one of three marble pagodas in South Korea, were dated from the thirteenth year of the reign of King Sejo(1467). On the roof and surface of each the stories, there were large amount of the contaminants such as pigeon′s excretions, dust and environmental elements for a long time. The pH of contaminants is not acid, but is 7.2, neutral. To find the species of organic acidscontained in the contaminants and the degree of damaging for a marble pagoda, we analyzed the contaminants using GC-MSD method by the following procedures. Organic acids were extracted by saponifying whole contaminants. After Saponification, the organic acids were mathylated to increase their volatility upon subsequent GC-MSD analysis. The mathyl esters of the organic acids are extracted from the acidified aqueous solution. And the organic extracts were washed with adilute base solution. The washed extract were analyzed by GC(Hewlett Packard 5890)with a nonpolar capillary column(Crosslinked 5% Ph Me Silicone, $50×0.2㎜×0.33\mum$film thickness, USA) and Mass Spectrometric Detector(Hewlett Packard 5970B).As the result, it was found that 12 organic acids were the main compound in pagoda′contaminants, and the amount of organic acid were negligible.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.1024-1031
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• 2019

The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) with its liquid circulating fuel and its fast neutron spectrum calls for a new safety approach including technological neutral methodologies and analysis tools adapted to early design phases. In the frame of the Horizon2020 program SAMOFAR (Safety Assessment of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor) a safety approach suitable for Molten Salt Reactors is being developed and applied to the MSFR. After a description of the MSFR reference design, this paper focuses on the identification of the Postulated Initiating Events (PIEs), which is a core part of the global assessment methodology. To fulfil this task, the Functional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FFMEA) and the Master Logic Diagram (MLD) are selected and employed separately in order to be as exhaustive as possible in the identification of the initiating events of the system. Finally, an extract of the list of PIEs, selected as the most representative events resulting from the implementation of both methods, is presented to illustrate the methodology and some of the outcomes of the methods are compared in order to highlight symbioses and differences between the MLD and the FFMEA.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2020년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.389-392
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• 2020

The growth in social media, blogs and restaurant listing directories have led to increasing customer reviews about restaurants, their quality of food items and services available on the internet. These user reviews offer a massive amount of valuable information that can be used for various decision-making purposes. Currently, most food recommendation sites provide recommendation scores about restaurants rather than food items of the restaurant and the provided recommendation scores may be biased since they are calculated only from user reviews listed only in their sites. Usually, people wants a reliable recommendation about foods, not restaurant. In this paper, we present a reliable Korean food items rating method; we first extract food items by applying NER technique to restaurant reviews collected from many Korean restaurant recommendation web sites, blogs and web data. Then, we apply lexicon-based sentiment analysis on collected user reviews and predict people's opinions as sentiment polarity scores (+1 for positive; -1 for negative; 0 for neutral). Finally, by taking average of all calculated polarity scores about a food item, we obtain a rating to individual menu items of the restaurant. The proposed food item rating is more reliable since it does not depend on reviews of only one site.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2007

산업발전에 따라 환경분야가 대두됨에 따라 민감성 피부에 화장품을 사용하는데 있어 부작용이 증가하였다. 이에 따라 저자극성 방부제의 개발을 위하여 항암효과가 입증된 침엽수 중 구상나무, 향나무의 활성성분을 추출하여 항균력을 측정 평가하였다. 항균력 측정에는 Broth dilusion법이 사용되었으며, 균주는 그람 음성균인 Escherichia coli와 그람 양성균인 Staphylococcus aureus를 사용하였다. 그 결과 항균효과는 향나무와 구상나무가 625 ppm에서 methyl paraben에 비하여 각각 17.02 %, 8.5 % 더 높은 효과를 나타냈다. 항산화 효과 측정은 DPPH법, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Denis법, 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 Nieva Moreno법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 항산화 효과에서 향나무는 5,000 ppm에서 45 %, 구상나무는 44 %의 항산화 효과를 나타냈으며 분석 결과 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함유량과 비례하였다. 침엽수 추출물의 세포독성실험은 피부섬유아세포인 CCK-986sk를 사용하였다. 그 결과 향나무, 구상나무가 39 ppm에서 1,250 ppm까지의 모든 농도에서 95% 이상의 높은 세포 생존률을 나타냈다. 이상을 종합해 본 결과 향나무 줄기, 구상나무 잎은 합성물질을 대체할 수 있는 방부제 및 보조 항산화제로서 사용이 가능하다고 할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1578-1586
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• 2010

This study estimated the effect of fermented persimmon (Diospros kaki L.) extract (FPE) supplement on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, and rumen fermentation characteristics in sheep. Five male sheep (Corriedale${\times}$Polwarth) with average body weight of $48.6{\pm}1.3\;kg$ were housed in metabolism crates and assigned to a 5${\times}$5 Latin square design with five consecutive 20-d periods which consisted of 14-d adaptation and 6-d data collection. The sheep were fed ad libitum a diet containing concentrate and rice straw (3:7). The five treatments were FPE supplemented at 0 (Control), 5, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg of concentrate. Intakes of dry matter (DM, p<0.01), organic matter (OM, p<0.01), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, p<0.05), acid detergent fiber (ADF, p<0.05), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE, p<0.01) increased quadratically with increasing intake of FPE supplement and maximized (p<0.05) at 10 g/kg FPE. The digestibilities of DM (p<0.05), OM (p<0.05), crude protein (p<0.01), and NFE (p<0.01) increased quadratically with increasing amount of FPE supplement, and sheep fed 5 and 10 g/kg diets had greater (p<0.05) DM, OM, and NFE digestibilites than the Control treatment. By increasing FPE supplement concentration, N intake (p<0.01) and fecal N (p<0.05) increased linearly, whereas retained N (p<0.05) and retained N ratio (p<0.05) increased quadratically. The retained N was maximized (p<0.05) in sheep fed 5 and 10 g/kg diets. The mean rumen pH was not affected by FPE supplement, but there was a quadratic increase (p<0.05) of mean rumen ammonia N concentration and a linear increase (p<0.01) in mean rumen total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and acetate concentrations. The mean concentration of rumen propionate in sheep fed all FPE supplemented diets was greater (p<0.05) than the Control, but the mean ratios of rumen acetate to propionate in sheep fed 5 and 10 g/kg diets were lower (p<0.05) than that of Control sheep. In conclusion, FPE supplemented at 5-10 g/kg of concentrate improved feed intake, the digestibilites of OM and NFE, N metabolism, and rumen fermentation indices of sheep.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 다마스크 장미 내 고분자 당단백을 bioconversion 기술을 이용하여 저분자화한 다마스크 장미추출물(Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein, RELG)의 항노화 효능을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 이용한 RELG의 항산화능 평가($IC_{50}$)는 $22.6{\mu}g/mL$으로 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid $21.1{\mu}g/mL$와 비교하여 비슷한 수준의 항산화능을 나타내었고 피부세포실험에서는 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 자외선과 $H_2O_2$에 의한 활성산소 생성을 28% 억제하였다. 또한 같은 농도에서 자외선에 의한 콜라겐 분해효소(MMP-1)의 생성을 48% 억제하고 $10{\mu}g/mL$에서 대조군 대비 보습인자인 aquaporin 3 (AQP3)의 발현을 44%, 중성지질 생합성을 10% 촉진하여 항주름 효능과 더불어 보습효능까지 나타냈다. 추가적으로 두피 모유두세포에서는 스트레스로 인한 세포사멸을 $15{\mu}g/mL$에서 10% 억제하고 활성산소의 생성을 90% 감소시켰다. 본 연구 결과, RELG는 효과적인 항노화 화장품 소재임을 확인하였다.