• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

Objectives : Siegesbeckiae Herba's effect on the protection of nerve cells was tested, and the effects were compared between Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino, the state of which is spica imported from China, and original Korean leaves of it. Methods : After damaging nerve cells by exposing them on NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) and KA(kainic acid), Siegesbeckiae Herba's effect on cell death, inhibition rate, glutamate separation, and ROS(reactive oxygen species) production were examined. Results : 1. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the cell death exposed to NMDA. 2. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the amount of glutamate separated from nerve cells exposed to NMDA. 3. Siegesbeckiae Herba inhibited the production of ROS induced by NMDA. 4. Siegesbeckiae Herba did not inhibit the cell death exposed to KA. 5. Chinese Siegesbeckiae Spica had no inhibition effect on cell death. Conclusions : Siegesbeckiae Herba was effective in inhibiting the death of nerve cells exposed to NMDA, and in protecting nerve cells from various damages in nerve cell diseases. Because Chinese Siegesbeckiae Spica did not show such effects, it is necessary to closely examine those effects according to the used parts.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2011

Insampaedok-san is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of colds. We investigated several compounds in Insampeadok-san, and tested their neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities after fermentation with Lactobacillus. The amounts of four marker compounds (ferulic acid, hesperidin, 6-gingerol and glycyrrhizin) and unidentified compounds in Insampaedok-san (IS) and fermented Insampaedok-san (FIS) were measured and compared by an established HPLC-DAD method. Neuroprotective activity of IS and FIS extracts was evaluated and compared after glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Anti-oxidative activity of IS and FIS was also compared in DPPH free radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assays. Contents of two compounds, ferulic acid and glycyrrhizin were decreased while 6-gingerol was increased by fermentation. FIS showed more potent neuroprotective activity than IS. DPPH, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging was slightly increased by FIS when compared to IS. In conclusion, fermentation with Lactobacillus can vary the amounts of the marker compounds in IS and improve neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities of IS.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of electroacupuncture on chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patient. Methods : The patient is a female with chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) who was diagnosed with breast cancer and suffering from paresthesia of extremities after chemotherapy of docetaxel. The patient was treated with electroacupuncture (15 minutes per one time) twice a day for 14 days. The clinical outcomes were measured by Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ) grade and visual analogue scale (VAS). Results : In this case, PNQ Item 1 (numbness) grade was improved from D to C, Item 2 (weakness) grade was from C to B. The score of upper limbs VAS was decreased from 7 to 2, lower limbs was from 7 to 5 respectively. Edema of both extremities was also improved. Conclusions : This case study suggests that electroacupuncture therapy may have significant effects of CIPN in breast cancer patient.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Glutamate-induced oxidative stress results in neuro-degenerative disorders in many central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Our study was performed to investigate neuroprotective effects of Allium hookeri extracts (leaf, root, and whole) on glutamate-induced HT22 cells. In this study, ethanol extract of A. hookeri showed the outstanding neuroprotective effect in HT22 cells. In addition, we found that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in HT22 cells. Moreover, ethanol extract of A. hookeri root also upregulated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT22 cells. These results demonstrate that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root contributes neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells, via Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression. Our study suggests that ethanol extract of A. hookeri root could be the potential agent for the treatment of many neuro-degenerative diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2010

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor that is widely used in transplant surgery and the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. However, major side effects of CsA such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases have substantially limited its usage. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are not clearly understood, there is some evidence that suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In parallel, protective effects of various antioxidants have been demonstrated by many research groups. Extensive studies of CsA-induced nephrotoxcity have confirmed that the antioxidants can restore the damaged function and structure of kidney. Subsequently, there have appeared numerous reports to demonstrate the positive antioxidant effects on liver and other organ damages by CsA. It may be timely to review the ideas to envisage the relationship between ROS and the CsA-induced toxicity. This review is comprised of a brief description of the immunosuppressive action and the secondary effects of CsA, and a synopsis of reports regarding the antioxidant treatments against the ROS-linked CsA toxicity. A plethora of recent reports suggest that antioxidants can help reduce many CsA's adverse effects and therefore might help develop more effective CsA treatment regimens.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 1997

The Chongmyungtang (CMT; the combination of Acorus gramineus, polygala tenuifolia and Poria cocos) has been recognized to possess the preventive effect against several neurologic disorders in human. In this study, we examined the effect of CMT on the three parameters associated with kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicities; seizure/mortality, increased fos-related antigen (FRA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. KA induced vigorous convulsions lasting 4-6 hr. Pretreatments with CMT before KA injection significantly reduced the seizure intensity as well as the mortality. CMT pretreatments also attenuated the KA-induced increase in FRA/GFAP expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that CMT has a neuroprotective effect against KA-induced neurotoxicities.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2002

Jowiseungcheongtang(JST) has been in Sasang constitution medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. But the effect of Jowiseungcheongtang(JST) on neurotoxicity is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Jowiseungcheongtang(JST) on the hippocampal cell injured by Xanthine Oxidase/Hypoxanthine. The results were as follows: 1. XO/HX decreased the survival rate of the cultured hippocampal cells on NR assay and MTT assay. 2. JST water extract have efficacy of decreasing a amount of lipid peroxidation increased by XO/HX in cultured hippocampal cells. 3. JST water extract have efficacy of increasing DNA synthesis decreased by XO/HX in cultured hippocampal cells. From the above results, It is concluded that JST has marked efficacy in preventing cultured hippocampal cells from the damages by XO/HX.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2002

Pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy have been mainly used as implant materials but the cytotoxicity of V, neurotoxicity of Al resulting in Alzheimer disease had been reported. This paper was described the influence of composition of Ti-Nb alloys with 3 wt%Nb, 20 wt%Nb on the microstructure and corrosion resistance. Specimens of Ti alloys were melted in vacuum arc furnace and homogenized at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 24hr. The alloys were rolled in $\beta$ and ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ regions. The corrosion resistance of Ti alloys were evaluated by potentiodymic polarization test in 0.9% NaCl and 5% HCl solutions. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The microstructure was transformed from $\alpha$ phase to ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ phase by adding Nb 2. The hardness of Ti-20Nb alloy was greater than Cp- Ti, Ti-3Nb alloy. 3. The corrosion resistance of Ti-20Nb alloy was better than that of Cp-Ti, Ti-3Nb alloy in 0.9%NaCl and 5%HCl solutions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Objectives : To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of added Bo-Yang-Hwan-Oh-Tang (BHT), we investigated the neuronal death protection effects to oxidative damages in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Methods : To study the cytotoxic effects of BHT on SH-SY5Y cells, the cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To investigate the neuronal death protection of BHT, SH-SY5Y cells were induced oxidative damages by $H_2O_2$ and then assayed the cell viability and DNA fragmentation. We also investigated DPPH free radical scavenging effect of BHT by tube test. Results : In MTT assay, $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of BHT was not showed the cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells. BHT protected SHSY5Y cells from $H_2O_2-induced $ neuronal cell death in a dose-dependent manner. BHT also protected SH-SY5Y cells from $H_2O_2-induced$ DNA fragmentation. BHT effectively scavenged DPPH free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : These data suggest that BHT may have strong antioxidant effects through the free radical scavenging and neuroprotective effects in human neuronal cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Objectives : In Alzheimer's disease(AD), free radical oxidative stress caused by amyloid beta-peptide may lead to DNA damage, neuronal dysfunction, neurotoxicity and cell death, Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) is traditionally used for the treatment of pyrogenetic diseases. To develop a new anti-AD drug from natural herb, HHT was selected and extracted in this study. Methods : The antioxidant activities of HHT water extract powder were examined by hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand nicking assay, and antioxidative enzymes expression assay in H4IIE cell. In addition, HHT was examined for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) using by Ellman's coupled assay. Results: The HHT exhibit DNA protective effect in the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA Strand nicking assay, mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were recovered at a normal level by HHT treatment in H4IIE cell. Furthermore, water extract of HHT showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that HHT may be effective in delaying and preventing AD progression related to the free radical-induced DNA damage and AChE activity.