• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-180
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• 2022

Objectives: To perform a systematic review of placenta pharmacopuncture for treating neuropsychiatric diseases, focusing on its efficacy and the safety so that evidence on its clinical use could be obtained, thus contributing to further studies. Methods: Through Korean, English, and Chinese databases (OASIS, Korean TK, KISS, RISS, ScienceON, Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, CNKI, and Wanfang), combinations of keywords (placenta, pharmacopuncture, etc.) were used to select clinical studies published until January 2021 about placenta pharmacopuncture for neuropsychiatric diseases. Interventions included combined treatments. Study design included cases studies, series, and clinical trials. Cohort studies, literature reviews, in vitro and animal experiments were excluded. The primary outcomes involved measurements of symptoms, Visual Analogue Scale, or questionnaires. Data extracted from databases were imported to Endnote X7 to remove duplicates. The quality of the literature was assessed based on CAse REports Guidelines and Cochrane's Risk of Bias (ROB). Results: Twenty-one studies were selected, including ten case reports, three case series, two one-armed clinical trials, one non-randomized clinical trial, and five randomized clinical trials. There were six studies on sleep disorders, five studies on stroke sequela, two on mood disorders, two on enuresis, two on Guillain-Barré syndrome, two on multiple sclerosis, one on neurocognitive disorder, and one on vertigo. The most frequent combined treatment was acupuncture in both the experimental group (n=10) and the control group (n=3). Acupoints were ST36, SP6, BL23, CV4, GB20, GV20, N-HN54, and so on. All studies reported improvement of symptoms. The quality of case studies was relatively high. Assessment of ROBs resulted in low risks. Conclusions: Placenta pharmacopuncture is effective for neuropsychiatric diseases such as sleep disorders, mood disorders, enuresis, and neurocognitive disorders. Regarding insomnia, several studies have reported significant improvements with placenta pharmacopuncture. There was no adverse event associated with placenta pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

1. According to causes of attack and symptoms, tinnitus is divided into two categories; deficiency and excess. Causes of excess syndrome of tinnitus were wind fire in the liver and gallbladder, phlegm fire, blood stagnation, and heat in meridian system and the causes of deficiency syndrome of tinnitus were qi deficiency or blood deficiency after an illness or delivery, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, and deficiency of sea of the marrow. 2. Tinnitus was related to the vicera and bowels, especially to liver, gallbladder and urinary bladder. 3. In regard of method of treatment, tonify kidney, nourish heart, clear the liver and discharge heat are used according to visera and bowel theory. Clear phlegm and downbear fire are used for phlegm fire. Tonify spleen and kidney is used for ancestral vessel deficiency. Dispel wind and dissipate fire can be used according to theory of five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors. 4. The basal meridian of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment were the channels of Shaoyang.. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of tinnitus, sudden anger and depression of mind were the main mechanism of disease and liver fire was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric tinnitus were Dangguiyonghuehwan, and Yongdamsagantang.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2009

1. Hiccup is usually named as Hae yek, Hyel yek, Yel yek. 2. The cause of hiccup are stomach cold, rising of stomach fire, stagnation of vital energy and stagnationof phlegm, yang deficiency of spleen and kideny, deficiency of stomach-yin, or mental disorder due to the stagnation of phlegm, dyspepsia, depressed vital energy. 3. Vicera and Bowels related with Hiccup are lung, spleen, stomach, and heart. 4. The treatment of hiccup are dispel cold by warming the middle warmer due to stomach cold, expel the heat-evil to loose hollow-organ due to rising up of stomach yin, regulate vital energy and dissipate phlegm due to stagnation of vital energy and stagnation of phlegm, warm and recuperate both of spleen and kidney due to spleen and kidney yang deficiency, nourish the stomach to promote the production of body fluid due to deficiency of stomach yin. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of hiccup, qi movement disorder was the main mechanism of disease and qi depression was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric hiccup were Mokhwangjogisan Pyunjakjunghyangsan, Daegwakhyangsan, and Haeaedan.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2021

Sleep plays a critical role in homeostasis of the body and mind. Insomnia is a disease that causes disturbances in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Insomnia is known to affect not only the sleep process itself but also an individual's cognitive function and emotional regulation during the daytime. It increases the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety disorder, and dementia. Although it might appear that insomnia only affects the nervous system, it is also a systemic disease that affects several aspects of the body, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems; therefore, it increases the risk of various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and infection. Insomnia has a wide range of effects on our bodies because sleep is a complex and active process. However, a high proportion of patients with insomnia do not seek treatment, which results in high direct and indirect costs. This is attributed to the disregard of many of the negative effects of insomnia. Therefore, we expect that understanding insomnia as a systemic disease will provide an opportunity to understand the condition better and help prevent secondary impairment due to insomnia.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.72-77
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• 2017

Background and Purpose Although sleep disturbances are common and considered a major burden for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the fundamental mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of sleep disturbance in AD patients have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and sleep disturbance in AD patients using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods A total of 140 AD patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Seventy patients were assigned to the AD with sleep loss (SL) group and the rest were assigned to the AD without SL group. SL was measured using the sleep subscale of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. A whole-brain voxel-wise analysis of brain SPECT data was conducted to compare the rCBF between the two groups. Results The two groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, severity of dementia, general cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, with the exception of sleep disturbances. The SPECT imaging analysis displayed decreased perfusion in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral temporal pole, and right precentral gyrus in the AD patients with SL group compared with the AD patients without SL group. It also revealed increased perfusion in the right precuneus, right occipital pole, and left middle occipital gyrus in the AD with SL group compared with the AD without SL group. Conclusions The AD patients who experienced sleep disturbance had notably decreased perfusion in the frontal and temporal lobes and increased rCBF in the parietal and occipital regions. The findings of this study suggest that functional alterations in these brain areas may be the underlying neural correlates of sleep disturbance in AD patients.

• Journal of Korean geriatric psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of galantamine treatment, especially attention ability between patients with pure Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mixed dementia (MD) during a 24-week trial. Methods : A total of 40 patients were recruited for this 24-week study. The effect of galantamine on attention was measured using Seoul Computerized NeuroCognitive Function Test (SCNT) and frontal functions test of Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). Patients'activities of daily living using the Seoul-Activities of Daily Living (S-ADL) and the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL) ; behavioral symptoms using the Korean version Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) were measured at baseline and 24-week. Results : 17 pure AD patients and 23 MD patients were analyzed in this study. Attention as measured by SCNT was not significantly different from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment in both groups. There was no significant difference between two groups in mean change from baseline in the SCNT, S-ADL, S-IADL and K-NPI scores at 24-week. Conclusion : Galantamine showed a therapeutic effect on cognition, activities of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms in pure AD and MD. Furthermore, Galantamine may specifically help to maintain attention and it may have positive effects on other cognitive and functional abilities.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2001

Purpose: To review the clinical and laboratory features of patients with Wilson disease at diagnosis. Methods: In this retrospective study, records of all 20 patients, who were diagnosed as having Wilson disease at the Paik hospital in Busan from 1990 to 2000, were reviewed. Results: Out of 20 patients, 12 pateints (60%) have hepatic presentation alone, 2 patients (10%) have neurologic presentation, 4 patients (20%) have hepatic and neuropsychiatric presentation, and one patient (5%) has hematologic presentation at diagnosis. One patient (5%) has neither symptom nor laboratory finding of Wilson disease except very low serum ceruloplasmin level and positive family history. Family screening test revealed 3 cases of Wilson disease. 12 patients were revealed to be combined with liver cirrhosis at diagnosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is very important in patients with Wilson disease. Children or adolescents who manifest symptoms of hepatitis, who has prolonged elevation of liver enzymes, and has family history of hapatitis of unknown origin, with mild hematologic or urinary abnormalities must be suspected to have Wilson disease. Also, in adolescents with extrapyramidal symptoms or other neuropsychiatric symptoms, liver function test should be done.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is (1) to investigate the historic changes and pharmacological efficacies of Woohwangchungsim-won and (2) to discuss the necessities for Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications. Methods: This study was performed through (1) investigating the ancient literature records related with Woohwangchungsim-won and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's composition, dosage and indications, (2) searching articles about Woohwangchungsim-won on 10 major Korean web and 3 major foreign web article search engines and analyzing Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacies and indications. Results: Woohwangchungsim-wom has been used for cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and palpitation. Also, there are some ancient literature records of Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications in neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. In addition, there have been a number of experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's neuroprotective effect on cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury. So, it is possible to infer that Woohwangchungsim-won can be used for the treatments of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with neuronal cell death in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. But there have been no or less experimental studies which demonstrate the pharmacological efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-won on such disease. Conclusion: It is necessary that further experimental studies which demonstrate Woohwangchungsim-won's pharmacological efficacy on neuropsychiatric disorders should be done and Woohwangchungsim-won's clinical applications should be expanded on the basis of those related experimental results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.519-528
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• 2018

Objective: Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) following carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, which may result from a demyelinating leukoencephalopathy, is a disease with a poor prognosis. This study examined the factors affecting the long-term prognosis of DNS and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients with DNS. Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients with DNS following CO poisoning from January 2013 to June 2016. HBOT was given to 24 patients. The patients were divided into an improvement group and non-improvement group based on their clinical condition on a telephone interview at intervals between 3 months and 3 years after the onset of DNS. The improvement group was defined as having Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scores in their daily life that improve to 1 or 2 grade. Results: Of the 594 patients, DNS were found in 18.2%, and 70.2% (59 of 84) of the patients with DNS improved. The prognostic factors for the improvement of DNS were an age of 45 years or less (odds ratio [OR], 12.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.393-60.858; P<0.005), CPC score of 1 or 2 group at the time of DNS onset (OR, 12.361; 95% CI, 3.161-48.330; P<0.005), and a lucid interval longer than 20 days (OR, 5.164; 95% CI, 1.393-19.141; P<0.01). HBOT was not associated with the improvement of DNS in CO poisoning (OR, 0.467; 95% CI, 0.172-1.269; P>0.1). Conclusion: Patients aged less than 45 years, low grade CPC score of 1 and 2, and lucid interval longer than 20 days are more likely to have a good prognosis. On the other hand, HBOT failed to produce a benefit for DNS patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.196-198
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• 2006

Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification[FIBGC] is an inheritable neurological condition characterized by calcium deposits in the basal ganglia and extra-basal ganglia areas. The condition manifests as parkinsonism and other variable neuropsychiatric symptoms. FIBGC is a rare condition, and its pathophysiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we report the results of a clinical study of two related patients diagnosed with FIBGC.