• 제목/요약/키워드: neuropeptide Y

검색결과 162건 처리시간 0.02초

미래의 항우울제:어떠한 것들이 개발되고 있는가? (Recent Development on Future Antidepressants)

  • 김용구
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.14-25
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    • 2004
  • The current understanding of the mechanisms of pharmacotherapy for depression is characterized by an emphasis on increasing synaptic availability of serotonin, noradrenaline, and possibly dopamine, while minimizing side effects. The acute effects of current available effective antidepressants include blocking selective serotonin or noradrenaline reuptake, alpha2 autoreceptors or monoamine oxidase. Although efficacious, current treatments often produce partial or limited symptomatic improvement rather than remission. While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Recently, several promising hypotheses of depression and antidepressant action have been formulated. These hypotheses are largely based on dsyregulation of neural plasticity, CREB, BDNF, corticotropin-releasing factor, glucocorticoid, hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and cytokines. Based on these new theories and hypotheses of depression, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, antiglucocorticoids, and substance P antagonists show a considerable promise for refining treatment options for depression. In this article, the current available pharmacotherapies, current understanding of neurobiology and pathogenesis of depression and new and promising directions in pharmacological research on depression will be discussed.

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Expression of Nociceptin within Dura Mater in Response to Electrical Trigeminal Ganglion Stimulation in Rats

  • Kim, Jeong-Hee;Lee, Won-Suk
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.375-382
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    • 2005
  • This study aimed to investigate whether nociceptin is implicated in the, trigeminovascular responses to electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion in rats. An open cranial window was prepared on the right parietal bone of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Trigeminovascular system was stimulated by electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion (ETS; 5ms, 5Hz, 3V). Neonatal capsaicin treatment was performed with subcutaneous administration of capsaicin (50mg/kg) within the first 24 hours after birth. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were continuously measured through the cranial window by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and the expression of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity was determined by immunohistochemistry. ETS caused increases in regional blood flow of pial arteriole in a voltage-dependent manner. ETS markedly and voltage-dependently increased the expression of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity in dura mater ipsilateral rather than contralateral to ETS. The nociceptin-like immunoreactivity was markedly reduced by pretreatments with calcitonin gene-related peptide(8-37) ($CGRP_{8-37},\;a\;CGRP_1$ receptor antagonist), L-733060 (a $NK_1$ receptor antagonist), and $[Nphe^1]$ nociceptin(1-13)$NH_2$ (a selective and competitive nociceptin receptor antagonist) as well as by neonatal capsaicin treatment. These results suggest that the electrical stimulation of trigeminal ganglion causes prominent expression of nociceptin within dura mater, in which not only neuropeptides inducing substance P and CGRP but also nociceptin are implicated in the trigeminovascular responses to electrical trigeminal ganglion stimulation.

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아무르 불가사리(Asterias amurensis)의 관족으로부터 신경성 펩타이드의 분리 및 정제 (Isolation and Purification of Neuropeptides from the Tube Feet of the Starfish Asterias amurensis)

  • 조미정;고혜진;김군도;박남규
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2014
  • Two neuropeptides were purified from the acidified tube feet extract of the starfish Asterias amurensis by C18 reversed phase and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The tube feet extract and the purified peptides (AST-I and AST-II) showed potent contractile activity on dorsal retractor muscle (DRM) of the starfish Asterina pectinifera and intestine (smooth muscle) of the panther puffer Takifugu pardalis. Treatment of the purified peptides with dithiothreitol (DTT) for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$ significantly altered their retention times, suggesting that these compounds contained disulfide bonds. The molecular weights of AST-I and AST-II were determined to be 2064.2 Da and 6137.2 Da, respectively, by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

이침(耳鍼)이 절식(絶食)시킨 흰쥐의 대뇌피질(大腦皮質)에서 CCK 활성변화(活性變化)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of auricular acupuncture on cholecytokinin in cerebral cortex of sprague dawley rats)

  • 김이화;김연정;임백빈;장미현;정주호;김창주
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.168-175
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    • 2000
  • Stimulation of the auricle is known to be effective in reducing obesity. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether stimulating a specific auricular acupuncture point is effective on suppression of appetite. Cholesystokinin (CCK) is known to induce a powerful feeding response after central administration and particularly abundant in the cerebral cortex. In food-deprived rats exhibiting a strong drive for feeding, decreased CCK release was markedly detected in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Needling the fasted rats on the specific auricular region increased the CCK level of the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, stimulating the specific auricular points increases CCK-expression in the cerebral cortex of the fasted rats and may be useful for controlling obesity.

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An NMR Study on the Conformation of Substance P in Acidic Bicelles

  • Baek, Seung-Bin;Lim, Sung-Chul;Lee, Hyeong-Ju;Lee, Hee-Cheon;Kim, Chul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권10호
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    • pp.3702-3706
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    • 2011
  • The conformation of a neuropeptide, substance P (SP), in isotropic (q = 0.5) acidic bicelles was investigated using two-dimensional NMR techniques. By the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) cross peaks between SP and long-chain lipid molecules SP was probed to bind on the flat surface of the disc-like bicelles. Structural analysis of NMR data indicated that the helical conformation of SP extended to the C-terminal region of Leu10 as well as in the mid-region from Pro4 to Phe8. As compared with the conformations of SP bound on the sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or the dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles with curved surfaces, the surface curvature of the membrane mimics was found to be one of the major factors inducing the biologically relevant conformation of SP. The negative surface charge of the membrane is also a key factor inducing both the binding of SP on the membrane and its biologically active structure.

치수세포의 Substance P 자극 시 Interleukin-8과 Monocyte chemattractant protein-1의 분비에 관한 연구 (The effect of Substance P on the secretion of Interleukin-8 and MCP (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein)-1 from the Human Dental Pulp Cells)

  • 박상혁
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.409-418
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 치수 염증 시 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비에서 neuropeptide의 역할에 대해 관찰하고자 발거된 건전한 치아를 수직 파절시켜 치수조직을 채취하여 배양된 치수세포 및 혈관내피세포(ECV 304세포)를 각기 다른 농도의 Substance P(SP)로 12시간 자극하였고, 24시간 동안 4시간 간격으로 시간대별로 자극하였으며, 또 치수세포를 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)로 12시간 자극하였다. 이들 세포를 SP길항제 (Spantide)로 15분간 차단한 후 SP로 12시간 재 자극하였으며, SP와 CGRP혼합액을 12시간 자극하였다. 상기의 실험 후 부유물로 ELISA를 시행하여 IL-8과 MCP-1의 분비 량을 측정하였다. 치수세포는 SP로 자극 시 IL-8이 현저히 증가한 반면, CGRP는 효과가 없었으며, SP와 CGRP를 혼합자극 시 시너지 효과 또한 없었고, Spantide는 치수세포의 IL-8과 MCP-1의 분비를 차단시켰다. 치수세포를 SP로 24시간 동안 4시간 간격으로 자극 시 8시간 후 최대의 IL-8은 분비량 나타내었으며, 8시간과 12시간 사이에서 최대의 MCP-1 분비량을 나타내었다. ECV 304세포를 SP로 자극 시 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비량이 미약하게 증가하였으며, Spantide는 ECV 304세포의 IL-8과 MCP-1 분비를 억제시켰다.

Localization of Manduca sexta Allatotropin Neuropeptides in Developing Ventral Nerve Cord of the Silk Moth Bombyx mori

  • Park, Cheolin;Lee, Bong-Hee
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.177-185
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    • 2001
  • This study has been carried out to determine localization of Manduca sexta allatotropin (Mas-AT) neuropeptide in developing ventral nerve cord of the silk moth Bombyx mori with polyclonal antisera against Mas-AT. Suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of the second to fifth instar larvae and 3-day-old pupae showed two to ten Mas-AT-immunoreactive (Mas-AT-IR) cell bodies. There were two to three pairs of labeled cell bodies in each thoracic ganglion (TG) from third instar larvae to adults, with the exception of TG from prepupae. One pair of labeled cell bodies was localized in each abdominal ganglion (AG) 1 to 6 from third instar larvae to 3-day-old pupae, whereas in 5-day-old pupae to adults there was one pair in a similar location of AG 1 to 5. The seventh neuromeres of terminal abdominal ganglia (TAG) from third instar Iarvae to 3- day-old pupae contained four labeled large cell bodies. In each of AG 1 to 7, these cell bodies showed similar allatotropin-immunoreactivity in appearance. Some labeled axons, projected from Mas-AT-lR cells in each of those AG, were extended to the nerves N 1 and N 2.

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생활치에서 나타나는 치근단 병소: 보존적 치료 후 자연치유 (Vital tooth with periapical lesion: spontaneous healing after conservative treatment)

  • 김현주;이승종;정일영;박성호
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.123-126
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    • 2012
  • 기계적 또는 세균 부산물에 의한 만성자극이 치아에 지속적으로 가해질 경우 치근단 부위로 치수 신경 섬유의 sprouting이 증가하고 neuropeptide, cytokine의 분비가 촉진되어 파골세포의 활성도가 증가하게 된다. 이로 인해 생활치에서 치근단 병소가 발생가능하며, 이러한 기전을 이해하고 자극원을 제거해주는 보존적 치료만으로도 자연치유를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

A Short Communication on Sequential and Structural Information's of Human Galanin Receptors using in Silico Methods

  • Kothandan, Gugan
    • 통합자연과학논문집
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.168-174
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    • 2012
  • Gal (1-3) receptors are members of GPCR superfamily with seven transmembrane helices. The neuropeptide galanin mediates its effects through the receptor subtypes Gal1, Gal2, and Gal3 and has been implicated in anxiety and depression related behaviors. Galanin receptors are considered to be important targets for the development of novel antidepressant drugs. Owing to the importance of these receptors, a short communication about the sequential and structural studies about the functional Galanin (1-3) receptors has been reported. Structural studies have been hampered due to the lack of X-ray crystal structures. However with the availability of templates with close homologs comparative modeling could be encouraging. Sequence analysis was done for each receptors and homology modeling of each receptors were done with recently reported templates. Comparative analyses were done between these receptors to identify the relationships between them sequentially. Phylogram was generated between these receptors to identify the close homologue between this receptor and found that Gal2 and Gal3 receptors are closer. Our results could be useful for further structure based drug design targeting Gal1, Gal2 and Gal3 receptors.

The CCAAT-box transcription factor, NF-Y complex, mediates the specification of the IL1 neurons in C. elegans

  • Woojung Heo;Hyeonjeong Hwang;Jimin Kim;Seung Hee Oh;Youngseok Yu;Jae-Hyung Lee;Kyuhyung Kim
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2023
  • Neuronal differentiation is highly coordinated through a cascade of gene expression, mediated via interactions between trans-acting transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements of their target genes. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation that determine neuronal cell-fate are not fully understood. Here, we show that the nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) subunit, NFYA-1, is necessary and sufficient to express the flp-3 neuropeptide gene in the IL1 neurons of C. elegans. flp-3 expression is decreased in dorsal and lateral, but not ventral IL1s of nfya-1 mutants. The expression of another terminally differentiated gene, eat-4 vesicular glutamate transporter, is abolished, whereas the unc-8 DEG/ENaC gene and pan-neuronal genes are expressed normally in IL1s of nfya-1 mutants. nfya-1 is expressed in and acts in IL1s to regulate flp-3 and eat-4 expression. Ectopic expression of NFYA-1 drives the expression of flp-3 gene in other cell-types. Promoter analysis of IL1-expressed genes results in the identification of several cis-regulatory motifs which are necessary for IL1 expression, including a putative CCAAT-box located in the flp-3 promoter that NFYA-1 directly interacts with. NFYA-1 and NFYA-2, together with NFYB-1 and NFYC-1, exhibit partly or fully redundant roles in the regulation of flp-3 or unc-8 expression, respectively. Taken together, our data indicate that the NF-Y complex regulates neuronal subtype-specification via regulating a set of terminal-differentiation genes.