• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2005

부신경절종은, 신경외배엽 기원의 교감신경 신경내분비 세포로 이루어져 있는, 부신 이외의 부신경절에서 생긴 종양으로, 주로 갑상선, 목동맥체, 종격동, 폐, 십이지장, 대동맥 주변 부위와 후복막 부위에 잘 생긴다. 악성도는 조직학적인 진단에 의한 것이 아니라, 국소 림프절 재발과 원격 전이에 의하여 판별되며, 골 전이가 드물지만 전이가 일어나면 주로 두개골 기저, 척추에 생기며, 드물게 골반골, 대퇴골로 전이한다. 저자들은 대퇴부 피하층에 발생하여 혈관 기원성의 종양과 감별되었던 부신경절종과 조기 골 전이를 보인 후복막에 발생한 부신경 절종을 경험하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제79권6호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2018

간의 가성 림프종은 비종양성 림프구의 절 외 과다증식에 의해 형성되는 드문 양성 종양이다. 검색한 바에 따르면 현재까지 영문으로 46예가 보고되었다. 우리는 75세 여자환자에서 과혈관성 종양으로 오인된 간의 가성 림프종 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 조직검사상 직장의 신경내분비 암종이 진단된 후 시행한 조영증강 전산화단층촬영에서 1.0 cm 크기의 경계가 불분명하고 낮은 감쇄를 보이는 결절이 간에 관찰되었다. 자기공명영상에서는 동맥 조영기에 조영 증강을 보이고, 20분 지연기 조영 영상에서 저신호 강도를 보이며, 확산강조영상에서 고신호 강도를 보였다. Fluorodeoxyglucose (이하 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT에서는 FDG의 섭취 증가를 보였다. 초음파에서는 저에코성 병변으로 관찰되었고, 초음파 유도 하 조직검사를 통하여 간의 가성 림프종으로 확진 되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7039-7044
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• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2024

종양 억제 유전자(TSG)는 세포 항상성을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 유전자의 기능이 상실되면 세포 가소성(cellular plasticity)이 유발되어 다양한 암, 특히 공격적인 성향을 가진 소세포 폐암(SCLC)이 발생할 수 있다. SCLC는 주로 후성학적 조절인자를 암호화하는 유전자에서 발생하는 다수의 기능 상실 돌연변이에 의해 유발된다. 이러한 돌연변이는 직접적으로 표적화하기 어렵기 때문에 치료제 개발이 어려운 상황이다. 그러나 이러한 돌연변이로 인한 분자적 변화를 이해하면 종양 치료 전략을 개발하는데 큰 도움이 될 수 있다. 우리는 SCLC의 이질적인 유전체 환경에도 불구하고 환자의 종양에서 발생하는 돌연변이의 영향이 악성 종양을 유발하는 몇 가지 중요한 경로로 수렴되고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히, 후성학적 변화는 전사 조절 장애를 초래하여 돌연변이 세포가 면역 회피 및 높은 전이 능력을 가진 매우 가소성이 높은 상태로 진입하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 반대 기능을 가진 후성학적 조절인자의 불균형이 면역 인식 마커의 상실로 이어져 종양 세포가 면역 체계로부터 효과적으로 회피하는 과정을 보여주는 연구들을 강조하였다. 또한 후성학적 조절인자가 신경내분비 세포 특성을 유지하는 역할과 비정상적인 전사 조절이 종양의 발달 및 진행 중 상피간엽이행(EMT)를 촉진하는 방법에 대해 서술하였다. 이 경로들은 별개의 것처럼 보이지만, 흔히 공통된 분자와 매개체를 공유하고 있음을 확인하였다. 빈번하게 변화하는 후성학적 조절인자 간의 연결을 이해하면 SCLC 및 유사한 돌연변이를 가진 다른 암의 발달과 진행의 분자적 메커니즘에 대한 귀중한 통찰력을 제공하여 예방 및 치료법 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.190-203
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to assess and validate the radiologic and clinical factors that were associated with recurrence and survival after curative surgery for heterogeneous targetoid primary liver malignancies in patients with chronic liver disease and to develop scoring systems for risk stratification. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 197 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease who had a single targetoid primary liver malignancy (142 hepatocellular carcinomas, 37 cholangiocarcinomas, 17 combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinomas, and one neuroendocrine carcinoma) identified on preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and subsequently surgically removed between 2010 and 2017. Of these, 120 patients constituted the development cohort, and 77 patients from separate institution served as an external validation cohort. Factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, and risk scores were developed. The discriminatory power of the risk scores in the external validation cohort was evaluated using the Harrell C-index. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate RFS and OS for the different risk-score groups. Results: In RFS model 1, which eliminated features exclusively accessible on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), tumor size of 2-5 cm or > 5 cm, and thin-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) were included. In RFS model 2, tumors with a size of > 5 cm, tumor in vein (TIV), and HBP hypointense nodules without APHE were included. The OS model included a tumor size of > 5 cm, thin-rim APHE, TIV, and tumor vascular involvement other than TIV. The risk scores of the models showed good discriminatory performance in the external validation set (C-index, 0.62-0.76). The scoring system categorized the patients into three risk groups: favorable, intermediate, and poor, each with a distinct survival outcome (all log-rank p < 0.05). Conclusion: Risk scores based on rim arterial enhancement pattern, tumor size, HBP findings, and radiologic vascular invasion status may help predict postoperative RFS and OS in patients with targetoid primary liver malignancies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7025-7029
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• 2015

Background: The optimal sequence and extent of multimodality therapy remains to be defined for extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma because of its rarity. The purpose of our study was to assess the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation/radiation in patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Four consecutively diagnosed patients were included in this study. The primary tumor site was oropharynx in three patients and esophagus in one. The patients with the limited disease were treated with chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation (n=2) or radiotherapy (n=1). The patient with the extensive disease with the primary site in vallecula was treated with chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy to the metastatic site. Results: The median follow-up was 22.5 months (range, 8-24 months). Three patients with the limited disease (base of tongue, n=2; esophagus, n=1) were in complete remission. The patient with the extensive disease died of loco-regional tumor progression at 8 months from the time of diagnosis. Conclusions: The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the preferred therapeutic approach for patients with extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation or radiation provides a good loco-regional control in patients with limited disease.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare primary cutaneous small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a tumor with distinct cytological features. In many cases, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) is required for the differentiation from other small round cell malignancies. Here we describe the cytological findings of Merkel cell carcinoma; these findings contributed to the diagnosis prior to performing IHC. A lower eyelid mass was excised and submitted for frozen section diagnosis. The frozen section diagnosis was consistent with a malignancy, but the more specific diagnosis was limited by the lack of specific histological features. Touch imprint cytology revealed a high cellularity with loosely cohesive small to large sized cells. The tumor cells showed hyperchromatic nuclei with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli, and thin-rimmed-cytoplasm including the characteristic eosinophilic button-like paranuclear inclusion, previously described as a pathognomonic cytological finding of MCC; this was not found in the H&E frozen section. In conclusion, we suggest that the touch imprint cytology may help in the differential diagnosis of small round cell neoplasms prior to performing IHC especially in frozen section diagnosis.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2004

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological examination is an appropriate method for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. In major types of lung cancer, Its diagnostic accuracy is quite high. However, it is sometimes difficult, using this technique, to differentiate between some unusual phenotypes including adenosquamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), neuroendocrine tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and sclerosing hemangioma. Here, we present a case involving extremely well differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, mimicking benign lesions, such as pulmonary scar and adenomatoid malformation with squamous metaplasia. The patient was a 68-year-old man presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule$(1.6\times1.6cm)$, which was incidentally found at the periphery of the right lower lobe. FNA revealed some clusters of glandular cells with minimal atypia, in addition to squamous cells at a nearly full maturational state. Histological examination verified the cytological diagnosis on a lobectomy specimen. The tumor exhibited a well differentiated adenocarcinoma component, mimicking the bronchioles in scarred lung tissue. and a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma component, mimucking the squamous cell nests of adenoacanthoma, in the other organs. In the present case, the possibility of adenosquamous carcinoma should have been considered if squamous cells were seen in the FNA from the peripheral pulmonary nodule, even though they appeared to be benign.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.612-615
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• 2009

10년령의 수컷 잡종견이 3개월 간의 구강내 궤양성 종양을 주증으로 내원하였다. 신체검사상 오른쪽 상악 잇몸에서 돌출된 구강내 종양이 관찰되었다. 내원당시 전이소견은 관찰되지 않았으며 구강 종양의 절제생검을 통한 조직검사결과 전반적인 상피양 세포와 일부 방추세포를 가진 전형적인 신경내분비종으로 의심되는 소견이 관찰되었다. 멜라닌 과립으로 추정되는 소견은 관찰되지 않았지만 악성종양에서 관찰되는 세포의 유사분열은 다수 관찰되었다. 확진을 위해 조직 절제 단면에 Melan A를 이용한 면역화학조직 염색을 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 강한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 조직검사와 조직면역염색을 통하여 종양은 멜라닌 결핍 악성흑색종으로 진단되었다. 결론적으로 본 증례의 경우 개에서 멜라닌결핍 악성흑색종의 진단에 Melan A를 이용한 면역화학조직염색이 유용함을 보여준다고 생각된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.202-215
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• 2022

The androgen receptor (AR) is an important therapeutic target for treating prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, there is an increasing need for understanding the AR-independent progression of tumor cells such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Menin, which is encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), serves as a direct link between AR and the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) complex in PCa development by activating AR target genes through histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. Although menin is a critical component of AR signaling, its tumorigenic role in AR-independent PCa cells remains unknown. Here, we compared the role of menin in AR-positive and AR-negative PCa cells via RNAi-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of menin. We demonstrated that menin was involved in tumor cell growth and metastasis in PCa cells with low or deficient levels of AR. The inhibition of menin significantly diminished the growth of PCa cells and induced apoptosis, regardless of the presence of AR. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of many metastasis-associated genes was perturbed by menin inhibition in AR-negative DU145 cells. Furthermore, wound-healing assay results showed that menin promoted cell migration in AR-independent cellular contexts. Overall, these findings suggest a critical function of menin in tumorigenesis and provide a rationale for drug development against menin toward targeting high-risk metastatic PCa, especially those independent of AR.