• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis-related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1980

최근 생휴의 신경계통에서 발생하는 징소한 전기경상의 관찰을 통하여 생휴의 신경작용을 연구하는 활동이 증대 되어가고 있다. 본논문에서는 개개의 신경세포에서 발생하는 징소전압을 측정하기 위하여 반도휴집적회로 제조기술을 이용하여 제작한 집적회로형 초미소전극배열의 제조방법과 전기적 특성에 관하여 기술하였다. 피측정극경세포의 크기와 종류에 따라 집적전극의 크기를 수μ∼수10μ 범위내에서 정확한 치수에 맞혀 제작할 수 있음을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 광학적 photolithograthy방법을 사용하여 전극의 형상을 결정하기 때문에 어떠한 형태의 전극도 만들 수 있다. 이 방법으로 만든 7소자전극위에 두께 3000A의 유리 절록층을 덮었을 때에 Rinser 용액중에서의 전극의 임피던스는 주파수 범위 10Hz∼1KHz 범위에서 약 1MΩ∼100KΩ 정도로 비교적 낮았지만 Si2N4, 절록층을 사용하면 Na+이온의 확산도 방지되고 임피이던스 특성도 보다 좋게 된다. 이 형식의 전극은 각각의 전치증폭기와 함께 단일Si? 위에 monolithic형태로 집적하여 제조할 수 있기 때문에 S/N 비와 임피이던스 특성을 훨씬 더 개선할 수 있다. 그리고 전극의 출력신호의 도출에 있어서는 multiplex 방식을 사용함으로써인출도선과 수를 감소시킬 다중신호측정도 가능하게 된다. 본방법으로 제조한 전극배열을 이용하여 실제로 생휴의 신경전위를 측정한 결과를 제시하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.503-506
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• 2001

심전도 감시장치(electro-cardiography monitoring system)에 대한 연구는 국내외적으로 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나, 국내의 경우 환자 상태를 감시하는데 있어 중요한 요소인 호흡(respiration)에 관한 연구는 다소 미흡한 민이 있었다. 이번 연구는 환자의 상태를 감시하는데 있어 심전도, 혈압(brood pressure), 체온(temperature)과 더불어 중요한 요소로 여겨지는 호흡에 대한 감시장치로, 호흡 시 신체의 임피던스 변화를 이용하여 시스템을 구현함으로써, 심전도 측정과 병행하여 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 특히, 임피던스를 이용한 환자감시장치의 경우 중추신경 마비 둥의 원인에 의한 무호흡 감지에 효과적으로 응급실 등에서 유용하게 사용된다. 구현된 시스템은 아날로그 부와 디지털 부의 잡음간섭 린 환자의 안전을 도모하기 위해 회로를 전기적으로 분리하여 설계하였다. 아날로그 부의 구성은 고주파 신호를 발생하는 정현파 발생부, 반송파로부터 인체의 임피던스 변화성분을 추출하고 증폭하는 증폭부, 기저대역으로 변환하기 위한 복조 및 아날로그 필터부로 구성되어 있다. 디지털 부는 아날로그-디지탈 변환기 및 디지털 필터, 생체정보 추출부로 구성되어있다. 본 연구에서 구현된 시스템은 심전도 감시장치의 전극을 공용으로 사용할 수 있도록 구성되었으며, 호흡 감시장치에 대한 기반기술 획득을 통해 다기능환자감시장치의 개발에 바로 응용 될 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2007

Complex Regional Pain Syndromes (CRPS) type I and type II are neuropathic pain conditions that are being increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. The special distinctive features of pediatric CRPS are the milder course, the better response to treatment and the higher recurrence rate than that of adults and the lower extremity is commonly affected. We report here on a case of pediatric CRPS that was derived from ankle trauma and long term splint application at the left ankle. The final diagnoses were CRPS type I in the right upper limb, CRPS type II in the left lower limb and unclassified neuropathy in the head, neck and precordium. The results of various treatments such as medication, physical therapy and nerve blocks, including lumbar sympathetic ganglion blocks, were not effective, so implantation of a spinal cord stimulator was performed. In order to control the pain in his left lower limb, one electrode tip was located at the 7th thoracic vertebral level and two electrode tips were located at the 7th and 2nd cervical vertebral levels for pain control in right upper limb, head, neck and right precordium. After the permanent insertion of the stimulator, the patient's pain was significantly resolved and his disabilities were restored without recurrence. The patient's pain worsened irregularly, which might have been caused by psychological stress. But the patient has been treated with medicine at our pain clinic and he is being followed up by a psychiatrist. (Korean J Pain 2007; 20: 60-65)

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1999

부중심소엽 주변의 경막하 전극들에서 기록한 PTSEP는 전극의 위치에 따라 다양한 파형을 나타내며, 파형의 최대치는 주로 부중심소엽의 후 상부에 위치한다. 특히 최대값이 주변보다 확연히 차이 나며 10uV이상의 파형으로 기록될 경우는 40 msec에서 양극성을 나타낸다. 또한 주변의 전극과 상역전을 형성할 수 있는데 최대 전극의 뒤에서 형성될 경우는 더욱 분명한 상역전을 관찰할 수 있다. 따라서 경막하전극을 통한 PTSEP는 내측 반구의 부중심소엽 주변의 위치를 파악하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.44-45
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• 2010

We are currently conducting studies on culturing and biocompatibility assessment of various cells such as neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells(IPS cells) on carbon nanotube (CNT), on nerve regeneration electrodes, and on silicon wafers with a focus on developing nerve integrated CNT based bio devices for interfacing with living organisms, in order to develop brain-machine interfaces (BMI). In addition, we are carried out the chemical modification of carbon nanotube (mainly SWCNTs)-based bio-nanosensors by the plasma ion irradiation (plasma activation) method, and provide a characteristic evaluation of a bio-nanosensor using bovine serum albumin (BSA)/anti-BSA binding and oligonucleotide hybridization. On the other hand, the researches in the case of "novel plasma" have been widely conducted in the fields of chemistry, solid physics, and nanomaterial science. From the above-mentioned background, we are conducting basic experiments on direct irradiation of body tissues and cells using a micro-spot atmospheric pressure plasma source. The device is a coaxial structure having a tungsten wire installed inside a glass capillary, and a grounded ring electrode wrapped on the outside. The conditions of plasma generation are as follows: applied voltage: 5-9 kV, frequency: 1-3 kHz, helium (He) gas flow: 1-1.5 L/min, and plasma irradiation time: 1-300 sec. The experiment was conducted by preparing a culture medium containing mouse fibroblasts (NIH3T3) on a culture dish. A culture dish irradiated with plasma was introduced into a $CO_2$-incubator. The small animals used in the experiment involving plasma irradiation into living tissue were rat, rabbit, and pick and are deeply anesthetized with the gas anesthesia. According to the dependency of cell numbers against the plasma irradiation time, when only He gas was flowed, the growth of cells was inhibited as the floatation of cells caused by gas agitation inside the culture was promoted. On the other hand, there was no floatation of cells and healthy growth was observed when plasma was irradiated. Furthermore, in an experiment testing the effects of plasma irradiation on rats that were artificially given burn wounds, no evidence of electric shock injuries was found in the irradiated areas. In fact, the observed evidence of healing and improvements of the burn wounds suggested the presence of healing effects due to the growth factors in the tissues. Therefore, it appears that the interaction due to ion/radicalcollisions causes a substantial effect on the proliferation of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) that are present in the cells.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation applied in dominant forearm on autonomic nervous system response of both hands. Methods : Fourteen healthy subjects (women) received low frequency-high intensity electrical stimulation to one forearm. The subjects assigned to two groups; a ipsilateral stimulation group (n=7) and a contralateral stimulation group (n=7). The electrode attachment was arranged on the forearm of the dominant arm and the electricity stimulus time was set as 15 minutes. Measuring items were the skin conduction velocity, the blood flow, and the pulse rate, which were measured total 3 times (pre, post, and post 10 min.). Results : The skin conduction velocity showed a significant difference according to the change of the time in both hands, but there was no significant difference according to time in the blood flow, and the change of the pulse frequency regardless of stimulus side. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the low frequency-high intensity electrical stimulation applied dominant forearm can increase selectively only with the skin conduction velocity, which may be helpful for the activation of the sudomotor function of both hands by the activation of sympathetic nerve.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is investigation of relationship between HRV(Heart Rate Variability) and Hwa-Byung in general population. Methods: HBDIS(Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule) was carried out for 658 participants in Wonju Cohort study that include short term electrode HRV test. We also classified whole participants into sex. Collected data was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Result: SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN interval) was significant different in HRV between Normal and Hwa-Byung of male participants. Conclusion: In the findings of this study, Hwa-Byung is not closely related to the autonomic nerve system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-167
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• 2009

Pain caused by chronic pancreatitis is medically intractable and resistant to conventional interventional or surgical treatment. We report a case of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for intractable pain due to chronic pancreatitis. The patient had a history of nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis and multiple emergency room visits as well as repeated hospitalization including multiple nerve block and morphine injection for 3 years. We implanted surgical lead at T6-8 level on this patient after successful trial of percutaneous electrode. The patient experienced a decreased visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain intensity and amount of opioid intake. The patient was followed for more than 14 months with good outcome and no further hospitalization. From our clinical case, spinal cord stimulation on intractable pain due to chronic pancreatitis revealed moderate pain control outcome. We suggest that SCS is an effective, noninvasive treatment option for abdominal visceral pain. Further studies and long term follow-up are needed to fully understand the effect of SCS on abdominal visceral pain.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1996

Clinical myography(EMG) is a technique for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders by analyzing the electrical signal that can be records by needle electrode during a muscular contraction. The EMG signal arises from electrical discharges that accompany the generation of force by groups of muscular fiber, and the analysis of EMG signal provides symptoms that can distinguish disorder of mLecle from disor- ders of nerve. One of the methods for analysis of EMG signal is to separate the individual discharge-the motor unit action potentials(MVAPS) - from EMG signal. But we can only observe the EMG signal that is a superimposed version of time delayed MUAPS. To obtain the information about MUAP(, i.e., position, firing number, magnitude etc), first of all, a method that can separate each MUAP from the EMG signal must be developed Although the methods for MUAP separation have been proposed by many researcherl they have required heavy computational burden. In this paper, we proposed a new method that has less computational burden and performs more reliable separation of superimposed EMG signal using wavelet filter which has multiresolution analysis as major property. As a result, we develope the separation algorithm of superimposed EMG signal which has less computational burden than any other researchers and exacutes exact separation process. The performance of this method has been discussed in the automatic resolving procedure which is neccessary to identify every firing of every motor unit from the EMG pattern.