• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 1984

To characterize community structure and distribution of phytoplankton, cluster analyses are performed on quantitative data of phytoplankton collected from the southwestern sea of Korea in early summer, 1980. The cluster analysis shows that the phytoplankton of the study area consists of three distinct characteristic communities, representing different water masses. The species of the first community, predominant in the southwestern coastal were of the main land, are mostly neritic and cold water diatoms. The second community consists of neritic and oceanic diatoms, a few flagellates and an euglenoid. These species are predominant in the vicinity of Jeju Island with warm and high saline waters which seems to be a branch of the Kuroshio Current. The species of the last community, consisting primarily of small-sized dinoflagellates, are predominant in the rest part of the study area with warm and low saline water. Addition, the vertical distributions of phytoplankton and environmental factors show that high concentration of phytoplankton cells, chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen are observed near the seasonal pycnocline in the off-coastal area. Fraction of nanoplankton take the above 90% of the total cell concentration in the surface mixed layer of off-coastal area where the seasonal pycnocline develops in summer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1990

The distributions of copepods and chaetognaths in waters off the southern coast of Korea were investigated to evaluate their reliability as indicator species of different water masses. The samples for this study were collected vertically from about 5m above the bottom at 28 stations along 8 transects in three different months, February, April, and August, 1988. The sampling gear used was 0.45-meter NORPAC plankton net fitted with 0.33mm mesh. Acartia clausi, Centropages abdominalis, and Sagitta crassa were found to be reliable indicator species of neritic cold waters; Pleuromamma gracilis, Undinula darwini, Calocalanus plumulosus, Calanopia elliptica, and Sagitta enflata were of oceanic warm waters; Temora discaudata and Centropages furcatus were of neritic warm waters. According to the cluster analyses of the species found, the distinctive area in February was divisible into two regions or water masses, the coastal and off-shore regions; in April, however, it was divisible into four regions. In August, it was divisible into three areas, further indicating the strength of the Kuroshio tributaries pushing toward the coast.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 1994

The relationship of zooplankton communities and distributions of copepods as indicator species to environmental variables, such as temperature, salinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was studied in Pusan Harbor in October 1990 and January, April and July 1991. Zooplankton communities were analysed by using cluster analysis and species diversity index. Four groups of copepods as indicator species were Acrocalanus gacilis, Euchaeta plana, pareuchaeta russell and Pleuromamma gracilis as the oceanic warm water species; Cemtropages abdominalis as the neritic cold water species; Meridian lucens as the oceanic cold water species Acartia omorii as the polluted water species. the offshore waters of Pusan harbor was dominated by the oceanic warm water species in October and by the neritic cold water species in January and April. This area showed the low values of COD and Tin. the inshore waters of Pusan harbor, where the high values of cod And Tin and the low value of diversity were recorder was represented by A.. omorii. Cluster analysis of the zooplankton community revealed two or three regional areas in Pusan harbor. Area I, the offshore area of Pusan harbor, not only was represented high species diversity and low density of A. omorii but also was dominated copepods in zooplankton roups. Areas II and III were grouped horizontally from offshore to inshore of Pusan harbor. Area II was showed intermediate values in diversity, density of A. omorii and percentage composition of copepods. Area III was revealed the lowest diversity,density of A.omorii and percentage composition of Cladocerans.Coperpoda was a dominant zooplankton group in each area during the study periods except two special cases.Area II was dominated by Noctiluca scintillans in April and Area III was occupied by Cladocerans in July.Distribution of Indicator species and areas demarcated based on cluster analysis showed a close relationship with environments.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2005

Dinoflagellates were investigated from the coastal waters of Korea. The total 100 thecate dinoflagellates taxa, comprising of 93 species five varieties and two forms were identified, which were attributed to four orders nine families, 13 genera in Korean coastal waters. 22 species, two varieties and two forms were new to Korean waters. Ceratium arcticum, C. longirostrum, C. praelongum, C. tripos var. ponticum, Gonyaulax jollifei, G. pavillardii, Protoperidinium cassum cassum, P. conicum f. asamushi, P. depressum var. parallelum, P. elegans f. granulatum, P. globifera, P. incognitum, P. majus, P. mite, P. obtusum, P. pallidum daedalum, P. parvum, P. perplexum, P. pyriforme pyriforme, P. pyrum, P. sphaeroides, P. subsphericum, P. valgus, P. venustum, Diplopsalopsis orbicularis, Gotoius abei were new record species for Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.185-204
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• 2022

The genus Coolia A. Meunier 1919 has a global distribution and is a common member of epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages in neritic ecosystems. Coolia monotis is the type species of the genus and was the only known species for 76 years. Over the past few decades, molecular characterization has unveiled two species complexes that group morphologically very similar species, so their limits are often unclear. To provide new knowledge on the biogeography and species composition of the genus Coolia, 16 strains were isolated from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. The species were identified by applying morphological and molecular approaches. The morphometric characteristics of all isolated Coolia species were consistent with the original taxa descriptions. Phylogenetic analyses (large subunit [LSU] rDNA D1 / D2 and internal transcribed spacer [ITS] 1 / 5.8S / ITS2) revealed a species assemblage comprising Coolia malayensis, C. palmyrensis, C. tropicalis, and the C. cf. canariensis lineage. This is the first report of Coolia palmyrensis and C. cf. canariensis in Mexico and C. tropicalis in the Gulf of California. Our results strengthen the biogeographical understanding of these potentially harmful epiphytic dinoflagellate species.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.103-107
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• 2003

Spatial distribution of phytoplankton was investigated in the southwestern sea of Korea in May 2000 in terms of phytohydrography. The sampling was done at the 0m, 30m, 50m of 15 selected stations, and permanent slides of each samples were prepared by QPS method for quantitative and qualitative analyses. Phytoplankton standing crops ranged from 3.23${\times}$10$\^$-4/ to 1.09${\times}$10$\^$-7/ cellsㆍ$\ell$$\^$-1/ in the study area. Dominant species comprised of 9 diatoms and 2 phytoflagellates, showing higher dominance of diatom and most predominance of Skeletonema costatum in all layers of most stations. Phytohydrographic results indicate that the study area might be divided into 4 categories, that is, I area is designated as neritic area where occurrence of terrestrial and coastal species is frequent, II area as intermediate area, III area as offshore area where oceanic species dominate, and IV area as other's. Especially in the II area, Skeletonema costatum was most predominant at both surface and 30m layer in most stations and represent an characteristic of northward expansion with spring massive bloom.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1976

Monthly observation of phytoplankton were made from September, 1974 to June 1975 at three stations in the Masan Bay. Sixty three species of phytoplankton (diatoms), representing 25 genera were taken in this study. Of these Skeletonema costatum, Eucampis zoodiacus, Ditylum brightwellii, Chaetoceros debilis, Coscinosira polychorda, and Leptocylindrus danicus were the dominant species in this area. By the ecological division the neritic species occupied 85.71% of total diatom diversity and it showed the characteristics of emayment. Diversity index(H) were the lowest in January and May in surface, while the highest in October. Phytoplankton standing crop varied extensively by months; ranging from 3,780 to 7,642,798 cells/l. total phytoplankton standing crop showed three major peaks in September, December and May. After bloom diatom standing crop were decreased gradually and showed minimum in November and February.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 1991

In order to study the community structure and distribution patterns of primary producers and their relations to abiotic environmental factors, phytoplankton and environmental parameter were determined during the five times from October, 1989 to July. 1990. 159 taxa of phytoplankton have been identified and the most important species group is diatom which contributes to 70.4% of the total number of species. Ratios of phytoplankton group (neritic species, fresh water species, oceanic species) clustered by habitats were 52%, 18%, 12%, respectively, suggesting study area be the typical estuarine environment which is strongly affected by both fresh water discharge and sea water penetration. Species composition could be governed by the variations of salinity. the standing stocks of primary producer in the study area vary with space and time, showing close correlation with water transparency, and exhibit relatively larger than those of other coastal regions in the Yellow Sea. Spectransies diversity also showed large variation with space and time. According to the cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into two regions (inner part and outer part): in fall and winter, outer area affected by the oceanic water, but in spring and summer, inner estuarine area heavily influenced by fresh water.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.378-384
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• 1990

A neritic copepod previously known as Acartia clausi Giesbrecht in the Korean waters was taxonomically re-examined, and the species has been identified as Acartia omorii and Acartia hudsonica. These species are easily discriminated by the morphology of the 3rd segment of the 5th right leg in male and by the shape of the genital segment in female. A. omorii occurs along the coast of Korea, and A. hudsonica is restricted to the brackish waters of Pusan area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2004

The seasonal distribution pattern of zooplankton were studied on the basis of the zooplankton samples collected from 9 stations in Jinhae Bay in May, August, November and February, 2001 to 2002. A total of 31 species in 37 taxa was occurred in Jinhae Bay. Copepods were pyedominant through fall to spring and cladecerans in summer. There aye high spatio-temporal fluctuations in the zooplankton abundance in a range of 27 to 28,221 indiv. $m^{-3}$. Of these, an neritic species, Acartia omorri and Oentropages abdominals were predominent in february; Palaealanus parvus s. 1 in November; Penilia avirostris in August. Species diversity was low in the northwestern regims where anoxia layer is occurred in summer, while in the other seasons there was no a great difference between stations. It indicates that the distribution pattern of zooplankton may be seasonally strongly affected by a mechanism of hypoxia formation in Jinhae Bay.