• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-26
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• 2018

Joseph S. Nye defined soft power as the power of attraction to affect the behavior of other states through the use of non-coercive instruments including culture, political values and foreign policy. Over the last two decades, environmental issues have grown in importance on the international agenda and become critical components of states' foreign policy-making. This paper aims to analyze environmental foreign policy as a soft power instrument focusing on two major rising powers: China and India. Traditionally, China and India had been reluctant to make any commitments in the field. However, they have shown greater willingness to act in global environmental governance in the past decade. They started playing more active roles in global climate change negotiations and supported a number of initiatives. Their current rise in global environmental governance has even been praised by the international community as the Paris agreement case demonstrated. This study evaluates China's and India's recent efforts in global environmental governance with a focus on climate change negotiations linking their constructive position to their soft power potential. It is argued that environmental issues are used by these two states as foreign policy strategy to gain more influence in international politics. This study finds out that China's climate-related environmental diplomacy has been more ambitious than that of India and thus has been closer to fulfill its potential as a soft power asset.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.407-436
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to verify the economic effects of the on going Korea-EU FTA negotiations upon the regional economy and to present some strategic economic countermeasures to deal with the forthcoming changes on the economic environments. In comparing with the industrial structure between Korea and EU, due to the different specific part of their industrial competitiveness both parts would have complementary cooperative transactions and trade as well. And also Korea and EU would have the similar understanding of the importance of the field of agriculture and service in accordance with the economic standpoint respectively. The level of degree and magnitude of the effect of Korea-EU FTA upon the regional economy would be decided in accordance with the industrial structure and the level of income of the regional economy. We are not to confirm and specify the economic influences of Korea-EU FTA negotiations on the economic conditions of Gangwon province but to prepare rational economic countermeasures fit to its structural character. One of the political strategies that might be feasible is the inflow of foreign direct investment from the developed European countries to the regional economy. This developing model would mean a new experiment to activate any regional economy and a new formation of the policy of economic growth.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제63권
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• pp.209-244
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• 2014

This research had a close look into the expected results for both Korea and China from the contextual background of their efforts on FTA. In reality, we have to admit that Korea-China FTA has gains and losses for both countries in different fields and industries. Therefore, we suggest that people should not be myopic on the FTA matters, but take long-term perspectives in order to increase the entire benefits for companies and the country. Both countries should be able to build up strategic, reciprocal cooperation. We emphasize that the current FTA negotiations with China can turn out threats, not opportunities, if we do not establish effective negotiation strategies. Furthermore, we argue that, if we know and understand Chinese negotiation culture in advance, we could react to their strategic actions still more effectively. All in all, we could say that the purpose of our research is, first of all, to investigate the antecedents and consequences of the current Korea-China FTA negotiations; second, to divulge the Chinese negotiation culture, to presume possible negotiation strategies on the part of the Chinese, and to envision possible strategic reactions on our part; third, to delineate value creations from the successful Korea-China FTA in the future.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제63권
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• pp.63-88
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• 2014

The culpa in contrahendo is a doctrine that "damages should be recoverable against the party whose blameworthy conduct during negotiations for a contract brought about its invalidity or prevented its perfection". In China, Chinese Civil law gradually adopted Culpa in Contrahendo under the former 'economic contract law' and the 'general rules of the civil law', then the legal system of culpa in contrahendo was formally established under Contract Law of the People's Republic of China(CLPRC) in 1999. To put it concretely, Art. 42, 43, 58 of the Chinese Civil Law expressly establishes a culpa in contrahendo liability derived from a principle of good faith governing pre-contractual negotiations. however, in general, culpa in contrahendo has been recognized a independent legal liability as distinct from contractual default liability and torts liability. This article provides a general description of the characteristics of culpa in contrahendo under Chinese Contract Law, and both theoretical issues that have arisen in Chinese academics and relevant important precedent in Chinese Courts. This article also analyzed trend of judgment on precedents that the Supreme Peoples's Court of the PRC applied culpa in contrahendo.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2016

There is an expanding global network of free trade agreements (FTA). High-quality, comprehensive free trade agreements play an important role to support global trade liberalization and are explicitly allowed under the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. An FTA is an international treaty that removes barriers to trade and facilitates stronger trade and commercial ties that contribute to increased economic integration between participating countries. Korea benefits from the global FTA trend; however it has started and developed FTA negotiations later than other countries. Current FTA agreements exist with Chile, Singapore, EFTA, ASIAN, India, EU, Peru, USA, Turkey, Australia, and Canada; in addition, there are ongoing negotiations with China, Colombia, New Zealand, and Vietnam. FTA open up opportunities for the textile/clothing industry to expand businesses into key overseas markets. FTA improve market access across all areas of trade to help maintain and stimulate the competitiveness of textile/clothing firms. This study examines the expansion of free trade agreements in light of changes in the international trade environment and the status of the Korean textile/clothing industry. Korea's textile/clothing export/import products and concession of tariff, country of origin covered under Korea-US/China FTA are investigated to identify problems. This study provides practical and policy implications for the textile/clothing industry in regards to the Korea-US/China FTA.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-299
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• 2014

Climate negotiations have been going on for the last two decades and the awareness for impacts of climate change has improved substantially. However, the trends of global $CO_2$ emissions did not reveal any encouraging signs, with developing countries emitting even more $CO_2$ and industrialized nations showing no signs of reducing emissions to below their 1990 levels. In order to meet the ambitious targets set by the Stern report for the next two decades, it is important to find new and path-breaking approaches to climate change. This paper attempts to analyze the use of carbon/development space historically, at present and in the future with a focus on equity. Trends analysis focuses on the last two decades (Post Rio) and the carbon budget based analysis considers a period of 1850-2050. Industrialized countries are found to have significantly overshot their budgeted allocation for the last 160 years. Both the developing and industrialized countries are overshooting the present budget estimates based on world per capita budget for the next forty years and proportional to the population of each country. It is important for the industrialized countries to bring down their emissions to meet their carbon budgets while the developing countries use their development space as a guideline for their development path. Furthermore, this paper presents aggressive and regressive scenarios for the industrialized countries to compensate for the climate debt they have created.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.40-60
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• 2020

Among Filipino entertainers in Japan, trans women (transgender women) or transpinay (Filipino trans woman) entertainers remain understudied compared to cisgender women. Though the number of entertainers has declined, transpinay entertainers remain relevant as transgender issues continue to be salient globally. This study explains the gendered experiences of the transpinay migrants, particularly in entertainment work and their relationships, which are different from cisgender Filipino women entertainers' experiences. Using grounded theory and drawing on concepts of performativity in interactions to analyze the narratives of transpinay entertainers, I delve into how transpinay entertainers negotiate their gender and migrant identities as they establish professional and personal relationships. Moreover, the transpinays' entertainment work is a significant contributing factor to their sense of belonging in Japan, as they form relationships with colleagues, clients, and partners who support them and, thereby, sustain their lifestyles as trans women. The transpinay entertainers' flows of migration between Japan and the Philippines reveal that they embrace various aspects of social remittances and use them to their advantage to create and enhance their transpinay identity in Japan. By examining the transpinays' migrant experiences, this study aims to elucidate the gendered experiences of transpinay entertainers, which involve significant negotiations in their migration pathways notably different from cisgender Filipino women entertainers, reveal resilience.

• 수완나부미
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.25-57
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• 2019

The paper addresses Erik Cohen's pioneering work on tourism in Thailand, specifically his publications on the relations between Thai women and foreign (farang) men in tourist-oriented encounters. Of sociological-anthropological interest is his conceptualization of these relations as "open-ended prostitution as a skilful game of luck" based on his study of a Bangkok soi (lane) in 1981-1984, and his exploration of Thai culture in terms of ambiguity and contradiction. On the basis of recent ethnographic research in the northern Thai tourist hub of Chiang Mai and wide-ranging observations on tourism development in Thailand, we examine continuity and change in these male-female engagements since Cohen's research, especially in the context of the increasing availability of such electronic agencies as social media, messaging, video chat, and internet dating. Whereas Cohen's concept of ambiguity and illusion has tended to disappear from physical spaces, it seems to have resurfaced in virtual space. The complexities of host-guest relations, and particularly the interactions both within the variegated category of "guests" themselves and then between their "hostesses" are explored in terms of sites of tourism-oriented encounters in both physical and virtual space so as to deconstruct these oppositional categories which have been formative in studies of tourism.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2021

The EU and the UK apply a treaty to establish new relations from 2021. Brexit is making a big difference in relations among the EU, the UK, and third countries. A new paradigm of international law has begun to be applied to relations among Korea, the EU, and the UK. The UK was excluded from the application of the Korea-EU FTA, and the Korea-UK FTA was applied to trade relations between Korea and the UK. The signing of these new treaties and the changes in the subject to which they apply are impacting the existing international legal system. The countries are showing some response, but it cannot be evaluated as a complete level, and there are still tasks to be solved. Therefore, the legal basis for EU-UK relations, Korea-EU relations, and Korea-UK relations should continue to be laid down in the future. The Korea-UK FTA cannot govern all the problems arising from trade and economic cooperation. Many interests that the UK did not reflect in the course of previous Korea-EU FTA negotiations will be revealed, so a new legal framework for Korea-UK bilateral relations will be established according to the negotiations between the two sides. There should be more detailed research and suggestion of alternatives in the field of law.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.353-384
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• 2013

현재 남북관계는 그동안의 교착상태에서 벗어나 교류협력의 핵심적인 실무 협상단계를 진행하고 있으며 향후 남북한 당국간 회담은 더욱 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 대한 체계적이고 효율적인 협상대책이 필요한 시점이다. 사회과학의 목적이 사회현상의 설명과 예측에 있다고 본다면 현 시점에서 1953년 7월 27일 정전협정이 체결된 이후 한국의 군사대표단으로 구성된 인원들이 북한 군부 대표들과 군사문제를 논의한 군사협상의 대표적인 남북국방장관회담, 남북장성급군사회담, 남북군사실무회담을 분석해보면 향후 협상에 대한 새로운 정보를 획득할 수 있는 사항이다. 본 연구는 김정일 시대 북한의 대남 군사협상행태에 대해 총체적 차원에서 분석, 평가하였다. 북한 김일성의 회고록 '세기와 더불어'에 제시된 항일유격대 시절 각종 협상을 분석하여 군사협상에 대한 "항일유격대식 협상모델"의 분석틀을 제시하여 김정일시대 군사협상의 행태가 협상모델의 틀속에서 진행되고 있음을 증명하고자 하였다. 증명 결과를 바탕으로 항일유격대식 협상모델의 특성을 활용하여 향후 예상되는 각종 남북회담, 특히 남북관계 개선과 한반도의 평화를 제고 시킬 수 있는 남북 군사회담에 대한 효율적인 대책과 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이와 같은 결과를 근거로 2013년 김정은시대에 실시되었던 경제분야의 개성공단 실무협상에서도 항일유격대식 협상모델의 적용 여부를 분석해 보았다. 이것은 군사협상의 모델인 항일유격대식 협상모델이 일반협상에서도 적용할 수 있음을 증명하여 북한과의 제반 협상에 대비하고자 함이다. 즉 북한과의 각종 경제협상에 대비한 통상정보의 활용측면과 개성공단 실무협상 분석을 통하여 경제협력 실천방안을 찾아보고자 한다.