• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.271-288
• /
• 2019

It has continuously promoted to scale up the agricultural management body in order to cope with the market-opening pressure such as the UR negotiation, the DDA negotiation, and more conclusions of FTAs and to enhance the competitiveness of our agriculture. This study evaluated the factors associated with production organization participation centered on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in order to improve the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in the aspect of production. In order to achieve this objective, this study evaluated the factors that contributed to participating in an organization using the bivariate probit model focusing on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in Chungnam. This study examined the validity and reliability of the study model through exploratory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses identified four factors: "distribution", "production", "organization operation", and "social capital". The results of the bivariate probit model showed that distribution significantly affected production activities and distribution, organization operation, agricultural income, and gender significantly influenced sale activities. Environmentally-friendly production organization had not been able to provide the productive support that was needed for local farmers to produce environmentally-friendly agricultural products in a region. Additionally, farming education did not provide the information needed by the farmers. Although producers had a network within a production organization, it was operated mainly for administrators. Therefore, participants felt somewhat lacking. This study identified the level of organization of producer organizations in Chungnam area, where environmentally-friendly agriculture is well activated. This study suggested implications for future production organization participation by evaluating factors affecting participation quantitatively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2009

In accordance with the promotional strategy of the 'simultaneously occurring and high-level comprehensive FTA that Korean government made clear in the FTA promotion roadmap in 2003, it has already entered into FTA with 22 countries such as Chile, Singapore, EU, MERCOSUR, ASEAN and the like but is progressing or promoting the negotiation about FTA. It is necessary to make efforts to lift all sorts of non-tariff barriers that put restrictions on the import of China with the promotion of the lowering of customs duties in the negotiation of FTA between Korea and China. It is anticipated that imports will be expanded in the manufacturing field as well as agricultural products with the efforts to improve the business management environment of Korean firms within China. Therefore, it is a very important task to make efforts to prevent the roundabout trade made via China by reinforcing the standard and criterion for the origin of country in the Korea China FTA.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.93-120
• /
• 2010

In 1978, Chinese reform and opening caused a big changes in Chinese labor relationship. Through reforming and opening, China gave up part of state ownership system and group ownership system, permitted private ownership system, and also opened the way for capitalists to ride again. Since China was established, the labor relationship ceased for 30 years has been appeared. However because the top priority aim of China's reform was economic growth, the protection of the rights and interests of labor was pushed back on the policy priority list. China takes foreign capitals based on cheap labor force quickly and China come up the worldwide plants. Since reformed, China keeps an economic growth rate of 9.7% annually for 30years. This economic growth is based on labor's sacrifice. However, Chinese fast economic growth causes side effects such as increasement of the gap between the wealthy and the poor, increasement of unbalanced development between regions, and the increasement of conflict between labor and management. Especially, according to changes in labors' level of consciousness, the labors recognized that their rights and interests are exploited by employers. Therefore, the labor dispute is continuously increasing. Chinese government changes their policy from the policy focusing on enterprise development to the policy protecting labor's rights and interests. In order to protect labor's rights and interests, China conducts labor contract law and labor dispute conciliation arbitration law in 2008. This kind of changes in Chinese labor environment affect a lot to Korean companies which already entered into China or are willing to enter. According to studying on present situation and resolution system in Chinese labor dispute, this paper suggests the proper countermeasure related to labor dispute of Korean companies which entered in China. First, the success rate of labor dispute conciliation by enterprise labor dispute conciliation committee is around 20% during recent several years and the success rate by year is in decline. Therefore, when labor dispute is occurred, our companies which entered into China better use other labor dispute methods such as negotiation and arbitration than conciliation in order to settle a conflict. Second, from the Korean enterprises entered in China point of view, there exists a problem not to sue except special cases which provided in the law even though they are dissatisfied with arbitrate judgment. Thus, when labor dispute occurred, Korean enterprises try to do best to settle the dispute through negotiation. However, in case of that the dispute cannot be settled by negotiation, they have to attend in the arbitration as if it is a last chance. Third, Korean enterprises keep in mind that dispute handling procedures between labor union and users or between labor group and users are different, and then deal with separately. Thus, dispute between labor and users have to follow arbitrate procedures as a necessary procedure, but in case of dispute related to group contract, namely dispute against labor union, labor dispute can be settled by arbitrate or suit, so after figuring out the situation exactly, it is necessary to select more advantageous way in order to settle the dispute. Moreover, in case of the dispute between labor union, they have to keep in mind that conciliation procedures cannot be used.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.511-541
• /
• 2011

The study analyzes the optimum Korea-China FTA negotiations by utilizing the Putnam's two- level game theoretic approach. According to the Putnam's theory, the size of the win-set depends on the strategies of the Level 1 negotiators. The size of the win-set depends also on the level 2 political institutions and the distribution of power, preferences, and possible conditions among Level 2 constituents. The basic principles for the successful future Korea-China FTA negotiations should be based on comprehensiveness, substantial liberalization and gradual liberalization with consideration of sensitive sectors. This study concludes that mid-level FTA strategy with comprehensive but low tariff reduction would be of best strategy for Korea. This study also suggests the utilization of the EHP(Early Harvest Program) for the successful Korea-China FTA negotiations.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.272-283
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the type of sexual assertiveness of female adolescents. Methods: A Q methodology which provided a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Thirty-three female high school students classified 40 selected Q statements into 9 points standard. The collected data was analyzed by using the PC-QUNAL program. Results: Four types of sexual assertiveness manifested by female adolescents were identified: Type 1: Self-normative line-drawing type, Type 2: Pleasure-seeking negotiation type, Type 3: Passive relationship maintenance type, Type 4: future-oriented satisfaction-delay type. Conclusion: This study is meaningful because it provides empirical information necessary for the development of theories by verifying integrated attributes related to the female adolescents' sexual assertiveness. Results also induced the measuring tools and succeeding studies, and presented educational material for sex education that is tailored to the developmental level and characteristics of female adolescents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.63-66
• /
• 2002

Developers have, for some time now, recognised the benefits of acquiring "brownfields" sites for future urban development. The term “brownfield” generally refers to sites that have been previously occupied and in most cases this occupation has been for industrial usage. A key issue that developers face when considering the acquisition of a former industrial site is contamination and the costs associated with remediating the land to a level that renders the site suitable for its proposed use. Understanding all of the issues and implications associated with the remediation of contaminated land can be quite daunting. The process of remediation brings together a number of stakeholders that all have some influence on the outcome of the works. The stakeholders include the vendor, the purchaser, the regulatory authorities i.e. EPA and council, the Site Auditor and local residents. Careful planning and negotiation with the above stakeholders should be considered before committing to any remediation project.n project.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.239-250
• /
• 2016

This study is to prepare curriculum in South Korea to train outstanding individual in the fields of Health Care Management for the global age, hospitals' administration managers, professors and students were targeted to carry out the survey and the collected questionnaires were processed with SPSS Ver. 21.0 statistic package, based on this the suitability of the current Health Care Management curriculum and postgraduate curriculum was inspected and improvement plan was deducted, and also through comparative analysis of the Health Care Management curriculum for undergraduate and postgraduate in the United Kingdom and United States, optimum improvement suggestions were made. Based on the research result, the priority to improve and consolidate from undergraduate curriculum was the strengthening of the working-level education, the most needed ability in the future is global negotiation and dispute/conflict adjustment which needs supplementation. Also, after analyzing the undergraduate curriculum of the United States and United Kingdom, it is needed that the development of the capacity to lead organizations for healthcare and subjects for the establishment of health policy should be reflected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10c
• /
• pp.613-615
• /
• 2002

IPsec 기술은 양단간 보안은 물론, 모드, 암호 프로토콜, 다양한 암호화 알고리즘들의 조합을 통하여 다양하고 계층적인 보안 서비스를 제공한다. 또한, 보안 정책 시스템은 패킷 처리에 관한 지칭은 물론, IPsec의 핵심 요소인 Security Association을 협상하기 위한 보안 기반 규칙을 제공한다. 하지만 인터넷의 확장과 더불어 발생한 IP 주소 부족 문제를 해결하기 위한 NAT로 인하여 IPsec과 같은 단대단 통합 보안 서비스를 제공하는데 치명적인 장애가 발생하게 되었다. 또한 서로 다른 네트워크의 정책 서버간 보안 정책 협상도 NAT에 의한 주소 변환으로 인하여 불가능하게 되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 NAT상에서의 효율적인 보안 정책 협상과 인증서 발급을 위한 SPS-ALG (Security Policy System-Application Level Gateway)를 제안한다.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2019

This paper investigates the effects of TPP on Korean domestic employment. Using data from 1995-2011 obtained from the world input-output database (WIOD) and firm-level data, this paper attempts to identify changes in global value chain (GVC) structures involving Korea and TPP member countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Three stage least squares estimation is employed, and empirical findings show that there exists a statistically positive and significant causal relationship between GVC and domestic manufacturing employment. The positive impacts of TPP on Korean domestic employment suggest that Korea actively encourage TPP negotiation. TPP will bring positive domestic employment effects and opportunities for structural transformation in the manufacturing and services industries in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2012

This study proposes a collaboration system framework on the web service in a supply chain to implement an efficient virtual supply chain and improve an ability to fulfill received orders over a supply chain. The system based on the framework proposed in this paper plays an important role for automatic order negotiation and placing/receiving an order noticed in web service by the main system. Furthermore, it can evaluate the fulfillment of received orders over a supply chain by using the transaction results from hierarchically related vendors and establish efficient manufacturing plans. In a word, this system is the automated system for creating manufacturing plans, placing and receiving orders. A little more important main function of this system is that it has a dynamic evaluation capability about fulfillment with received orders over a supply chain, and improves the evaluation method of fulfillment ability with received orders with related to direct dealing vendors, which is a main problem in existing system. As a result, this system is able to reduce the work load of the sales and purchasing materials, production control division, to manage accurate inventory promptly, to maintain the optimal inventory level by analyzing the information of fulfillment ability with received orders, and to enhance the level of service for customers.