• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.2944-2958
• /
• 2021

Today, online education is becoming more important. The effectiveness of online education has been measured by student satisfaction and the possibility of substituting offline education. This study proposes a plan to increase the effectiveness of education in a new form by using online information. Education is the process of socializing and growing learners. Representative negative emotions experienced by learners are stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD). A reduction in SAD will promote student growth and improve educational outcomes. This paper considers online information by dividing it into online educational information support (OEDIS) and online emotional information support (OEMIS). We demonstrate that OEDIS reduces SAD, and OEMIS reduces stress and anxiety. By providing online information, negative emotions can be reduced, and educational outcomes can be improved. This study suggests a new role for online information support, such as emotional change in individuals and solving psychological problems. Online information support goes beyond knowledge transfer and can be used in various fields, such as online education that promotes human growth and positive change, and even healthcare.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 1995

The relationship between the signs of ${\rho}i(0)$, ${\rho}j(0)$ and ${\rho}ij$ and validity of the reactivity-selectivity principle (RSP) has been derived: RSP is valid when W = ${\rho}i(0){\cdot}{\rho}j(0)/{\rho}ij$ is negative. The analysis of 100 reaction series indicated that for normal SN2 reactions involving variations of substituents in the nucleophile (X) and in the substrate (Y) RSP is valid only for a dissociative type for which ${\rho}Y(0)$ is negative, whereas for the acyl transfer reactions with rate-limiting breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate RSP is valid in general for all substituent changes, X, Y and/or Z (substituent on the leaving group). The trends in the validity of RSP for certain types of reaction can be useful in supplementing the mechanistic criteria based on the signs of ${\rho}i(0)$, ${\rho}j(0)$ and ${\rho}ij$.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2016

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a strong negative regulator of T lymphocytes in tumor-microenvironment. By engaging PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells, PD-1 on T cell surface inhibits anti-tumor reactivity of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Systemic blockade of PD-1 function using blocking antibodies has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. However, approximately 10 to 15% of treated patients exhibited serious autoimmune responses due to the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes. To achieve selective activation of tumor-specific T cells, we generated T cells expressing a dominant-negative deletion mutant of PD-1 (PD-1 decoy) via retroviral transduction. PD-1 decoy increased IFN-γ secretion of antigen-specific T cells in response to tumor cells expressing the cognate antigen. Adoptive transfer of PD-1 decoy-expressing T cells into tumor-bearing mice potentiated T cell-mediated tumor regression. Thus, T cell-specific blockade of PD-1 could be a useful strategy for enhancing both efficacy and safety of anti-tumor T cell therapy.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2009

School is a basic and the most fundamental facility of city planning just like other basic public facilities including the village office. Every plan is established on the basis of school. However, the problems such as the population reduction resulting from the nuclear family-zation and low birth rate, employment and welfare of the aged people resulting from "the old aged society", and the infant nursing and education resulting from a rapid increase of the working couples become notable and accordingly more requirements are being made. Reflecting this trend, the concept and operation system should be changed. Up to now, the BTL projects of the educational facilities are gaining a reputation of being efficient in terms of national budget running, but at the same time receiving negative reputation in terms of budget saving under the civil creativity and efficiency. Through upgrading the private sector investment projects into the BTO+BTL system and further into the BTO(Build Transfer Operate), we can accomplish the original goals of the private sector investment projects, and can make the education budget operation more efficient, and can greatly improve the education environments. However, we should not underestimate in this process that these facilities should not negatively affect the education environments. In any situation, the owners of schools are students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권12호
• /
• pp.593-604
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes human development convergence and the impact of funds transfer to the regions using σ and β-convergence analysis method. Observations were made in all Indonesia's provinces in the period 2010-2019. The coefficient of variation calculation shows a dispersion in the inequality of human development, which means that convergence occurred. This is also documented by the clustering analysis results developed in the study. The results are in line with the hypothesis of neoclassical theory, which shows the tendency for provinces with lower human development levels to grow relatively faster. The dynamic panel data approach with the GMM model shows that a model built with explanatory variables for transfer of funds to regions may lead to the process of convergence of human development - 2.21% per year or 31 years to cover the half-life of convergence. This is a consequence of the Special Allocation Fund and the Village Fund, which positively impact the convergence process, and the General Allocation Fund and the Revenue Sharing Fund with negative signs slowing the convergence process. This evidence opens opportunities to review the justification of the weighting component in determining the amount of funds transferred to the region to accelerate the convergence process of human development.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2008

Language transfer means that the speaker's first language or previously acquired language influences on the production of the target language. This study aims at examining if there is native language influence on the production of English intonation by Korean speakers. The pitch accent patterns and the values of duration, F0, and intensity of the stressed vowel of the word with emphatic accent in the sentence produced by Korean speakers are compared to those of American English speakers. The results show that when the word receives emphatic accent in the sentence, American English speakers put H* accent on the stressed syllable of the word, but Korean speakers mostly assign high pitch on the last syllable of the word and have LH tonal pattern despite the fact that primary stress does not come on the last syllable within a word. In addition, comparison of the values of duration, F0, and intensity of the stressed vowel of the word with emphatic accent to those of the word with unmarked neutral accent shows that Korean speakers do not realize the intonation of the accented word appropriately because the values decrease even though the word has emphatic accent. This study finds out that there are differences in the production of English intonation of the word with emphatic accent between native speakers of English and Korean speakers, and that there is negative transfer of Korean intonation pattern to the production of English intonation by Korean speakers.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.216-220
• /
• 1995

cDNA for human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a potent atherogenic plasma protein that redistributes the neutral lipids among lipoproteins, was expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells (CV-1). Two insertion vectors regulated by different promoters were constructed. The vectors were introduced into human thymidine kinase-negative ($TK^-$) 1438 cells infected with wild-type vaccinia virus (WR strain). Recombinant viruses were selected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and X-gal and identified with DNA dot blot analysis (vSC11-CETP and vTM1-CETP). The CETP cDNA insert in the recombinant vaccinia virus genome was identified by Southern blot analysis. Transcription of CETP cDNA in CV-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus was monitored by Northern blot analysis using the CETP cDNA as a probe. Positive signals were detected at 1.8 kb in cells infected with vSC11-CETP and at 2.3 kb in cells infected with vTM1-CETP. The recombinant vaccinia virus-infected CV-1 cells were shown to produce functional CETP when the culture medium was subjected to the CETP assay.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 2016

In the microgrid, inverters for energy storage system are generally constructed in a parallel structure because of capacity expandability, convenience of system maintenance, and reliability improvement. Parallel inverters are required to provide stable voltage to the critical load in PCC and to accurately share the current between each inverter. Furthermore, when islanding occurs, the inverters should change its operating mode from grid-connected mode to stand-alone mode. However, during clearing time and control mode change, the conventional control method has a negative impact on the critical load, that is, severe fluctuating voltage. In this study, a parallel operation control method is proposed. This method provides seamless mode transfer for the entire transition period, including clearing time and control mode change, and has accurate current sharing between each inverter. The proposed control method is validated through simulation and experiment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.427-435
• /
• 2016

In this study, change in water-dissolved oxygen (DO) was analyzed under various synthetic water qualities and nanobubbles (NBs) application conditions, such as gas type, initial DO as well as water dissolved, suspended and organic matters contents. When oxygen, rather than air, was introduced into nitrogen-desorbed ultra-pure water, the stagnation time was significantly increased. It took ten days for DO concentration to drop back to saturation. The higher the initial DO concentration, the longer particles were observed above saturation due to particle stability improvement. The oxygen mass transfer rate of 0.0482 mg/L/min was found to reach a maximum at an electrolytic concentration of 0.75 g/L, beyond which the transfer rate decreased due to adsorption of negative ions of the electrolyte at the interface. High levels of turbidity caused by suspended solids have become a barrier to dissolution of NBs oxygen into the water solution, and thus affected the transfer performance. On the other hand, by applying NBs for just an hour, up to 7.2% degradation of glucose as representative organic matter was achieved. Thus, NBs technology would maintain a high DO extent for an extended duration, and thus can improve water quality provided that water chemistry is closely monitored during its application.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2016

나노유체의 대류열전달 성능을 평가하는 센서로서 가는 백금 열선이 많이 사용되었다. 그러나 센서의 강도가 약해서 취급에 주의가 필요하고 측정실험에서 센서에 대한 엄밀한 교정과정을 생략하거나 정밀도 높은 기구들을 사용하지 않으면 비현실적인 대류열전달계수가 얻어졌다. 본 연구에서는 백금 열선 대신 더미스터 센서를 채택한 새로운 나노유체 대류 성능 평가장치를 제안하였고 그 작동 원리를 자세히 설명하였다. 순수 엔진오일에 대한 두 센서의 비교 실험을 통하여 더미스터 센서의 실용적 장점을 확인할 수 있었다. 제안된 장치는 개발된 나노유체의 채택 여부를 판단하는 유용한 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.