• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.609-619
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• 1997

The concept of human emotion is recently demanded to be imbedded in industrial product and environment for enhancing quality of life. Human emotion is attempted to be qualified and quantified by physiological measurements. EEG variation, one of the physiological measurement, is observed to characterize psychological response in this study. This study is to find function and process of brain according to emotion. Twenty university students participated in this study and experienced positive and negative emotion by auditory stimulus. Delta, theta, alpha and beta waves showed characteristic variation in normalized sense according to positive and negative emotion. Local area showing significant difference between positive and negative emotion decreases with stimulus duration. Delta, theta and beta waves increase with negative emotion while alpha wave does with positive emotion.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2002

The purpose of study was to examine child emotion regulation as a function of child's sex, temperament, mother's emotion regulation, and mother's parenting. The subjects were 386 mothers of fifth or sixth graders in Seoul and Kyonggi province. The data were gathered through questionnaires developed for the current study. The major findings were as follows: 1) There were significant sex differences in some categories of child's emotion regulation. 2) The more active the child's temperament, the child showed more negative emotion regulation(venting, aggressive expression, avoidance). 3) Mother's negative emotion regulation was significantly related to the child's negative emotion regulation. 4) There were significant correlations between mother's parenting and child's emotion regulation. That is, mother's positive parenting was related to child's positive emotion regulation. 5) The relationship between mother's emotion regulation and child's emotion regulation was mediated by mothers' parenting.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2007

The relation of parents' emotion socialization to emotionality in their 5-year-old children was studied in 106 mothers and 105 fathers. They reported on their own family-related emotional expressiveness and on their children's negative emotions by questionnaires; mothers rated children on both positive and negative emotionality. Results showed that mothers expressed positive and negative emotions more frequently, and mothers showed more distress, expressive encouragement, and problem-focused reactions to children's negative emotions than fathers. Mothers' emotional expressiveness was related to children's emotionality, whereas only fathers' negative emotional expressiveness was related to children's negative emotionality. Mothers' distress and punitive reactions were associated with children's positive and negative emotionality. Mothers' problem-focused and emotion-focused and fathers' problem-focused reactions were associated with children's positive emotionality.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2012

This study aims at exploring Korean mothers' beliefs on the development of emotion of their children. In specific, sensitivity and maternal reactions to their children's both negative and positive emotion expressions were explored. Further, associations among maternal sensitivity, maternal reactions and child emotion regulation were examined. A total of 100 Korean mothers whose children were between 6 and 7 years old participated in the study. In order to assess mothers' beliefs about sensitivity, vignettes in a forced-choice format were presented through individual interviews. Mothers' self reported reactions to their children's negative emotions and positive emotions and mothers' perceptions of children's emotion regulation were assessed using questionnaires. Results revealed that Korean mothers endorsed both proactive and reactive sensitivity. However, their sensitivity differed depending on the situation. Mothers tended to endorse either Emotion Focused or Problem Focused reactions to their children's negative emotions. Mothers reported that they were most likely to restrict their child positive emotional expression with explanation in supportive way followed by invalidating through reprimanding it. Mothers' reported Distress Reactions and Punitive Reactions to children's expression of negative emotion were associated with children's liability whereas Emotion-Focused Reaction and Problem-Focused Reaction were associated with children's functional emotion regulation. The results are discussed within a theoretical framework of socialization of emotions.

• 감성과학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

정서를 경험하는 동안 자율신경 반응과 외현적 반응, 그리고 얼굴 표정, 몸짓, 자세, 언어 등과 같은 정서적 의사소통을 나타낸다. 안면근육반응은 공포, 놀람, 행복, 혐오, 슬픔, 분노와 같은 감정적인 표현을 측정하는 하나의 수단으로, 특정한 안면근육에 기초를 둔 반응을 식별할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 아동이 긍정정서와 부정정서를 느낄 때 나타나는 안면근육반응의 변화를 알아보고, 아동이 느끼는 긍정정서와 부정정서의 구분이 가능한지를 알고자 하였다. 시청각 동영상(Audiovisual Film Clips)을 이용하여 긍정정서 (기쁨)와 부정정서를 유발하였고, 47명의 아동이 이들 정서를 느끼는 동안 안면근전도(Facial EMG : 우측 corrugator supercilii와 orbicularis oris)를 측정하였다. 또한 아동이 경험한 정서의 심리반응 결과를 평가하기 위하여 정서평가척도를 사용하였다. 두 정서에 대한 높은 적합성($85\%$이상)과 효과성(기쁨 3.15, 공포4.4, 5점 만점)을 보였다. 안면근육반응 결과, 두 정서 모두에서 안정상태와 정서 상태간의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 정서에 따른 반응 결과, 긍정정서와 부정정서에 따라 corrugator supercilii와 orbicularis oris 반응의 차이가 나타났다. corrugator supercilii는 긍정정서일 때 부정정서보다 근육의 활동이 더 증가하였다. orbicularis oris는 부정정서일 때 긍정정서보다 근육의 반응이 더 증가하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.314-325
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to classify the types of consumers' emotion experienced in-store by shopping motivation and to examined the effects of store environmental factors on emotion and on shopping behavior. The questionnaires were administered to 330 women shopped in department store. Data from 299 women were analyzed by using frequency t-test and regression analysis by SPSS for windows PC program The results of this study were as follows : 1. The consumers' emotion experienced in -store were composed of five factors. But it could be divided by positive negative factors. 2. There was not significant difference in positive emotion between he Product Pu-rchasing Motive Group and the Window Shopping Motive Group. But there was significant difference n negative emotion between two groups. 3. It was found that the effect of environmental factors of apparel store on emotion was significant in both groups. Especially salespeoples' pressure significantly influenced negative emotion in both groups. 4. The emotion experienced in -store significantly influenced clothing shopping behavior.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.670-679
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• 2011

This study investigated the hotel buffet restaurant's service quality, emotional reaction of customer, recommendation intention, and defection intention. The survey was conducted from January 3 to February 7 in 2011, and 400 respondents were used in the data analysis. As a results of this study, the hotel buffet restaurant's service quality was classified by the interaction, outcome, and physical environment quality. The emotional reaction of hotel buffet restaurant's customer was classified by the positive and negative emotion. The all factors of hotel buffet restaurant's service quality had a positive impact on positive emotion, while it had a negative impact on negative emotion. The positive emotion reaction of hotel buffet restaurant's customer had a positive impact on the recommendation intention, while the negative emotion had a negative impact on the recommendation intention. And the negative emotion had a positive impact on the defection intention in hotel buffet restaurants. In addition, there were partially differences in the service quality and emotional reaction by general characteristics. There were significant differences in the recommendation intention by marriage status and monthly income. Therefore, the hotel buffet restaurants have to design a strategy of service for increasing customer's positive emotion and recommendation intention.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of difficult temperament and mothers' reactions to child negative emotion on child emotion regulation strategies. Mothers of 253 preschoolers(Mage=4.04yrs.) responded to questionnaires on child temperament, mothers' reactions to child negative emotion, and child emotion regulation strategy. The results of regression analysis revealed that; 1) child difficult temperament positively predicted child's aggressive or outburst/appealing strategies whereas negatively predicted avoidance/none strategy; 2) child difficult temperament was not the variable predicting positive coping strategy, but mothers' emotion-focused or problem-focused reactions predicted child positive coping strategy whereas punitive or distress reactions predicted either aggressive or avoidance/none strategy; 3) child temperament moderated the link between mothers' reactions to child's negative emotion expression and child emotion regulation strategies. In particular, children with higher difficult temperament showed higher aggressive strategy under mothers' higher distress or punitive reaction and lower emotion focused or problem focused reaction. On the other hand, children with lower difficult temperament only showed avoidance/ none strategy when mothers showed higher minimization or punitive reaction. The results of current study underscore both child temperament, mothers' reactions and their interactions in predicting child emotion regulation strategies.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 생물분류탐구과정에서 나타나는 부정감성을 호르몬 변화로 예측할 수 있는 부정감성 예측모델을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 통합적인 과학 탐구가 가능하도록 깃털 분류 탐구 활동을 개발하였다. 연구대상은 호르몬 변화 측정에 문제가 없는 서울, 안산, 청주 소재 중학교 2학년 47명(남 18, 여 29)으로 하였다. 피험자들은 개인별로 깃털 분류 탐구 활동을 수행하였다. 깃털 분류 탐구 활동 전과 후에 형용사 이모티콘 척도법을 이용하여 부정감성 검사를 하였고, 타액 시료를 채취하여 코르티솔 호르몬 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 부정감성 변화량과 타액 코르티솔 변화량 사이에서 유의미한 정적 상관관계(R=0.39, P<0.001)가 나타났으며, 회귀분석을 이용하여 생물분류탐구에서 나타나는 타액 코르티솔 변화량을 이용한 부정감성 예측모델을 개발하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.663-674
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were 1) to ascertain whether there was a difference in product performance (expressive or instrumental), which consumer recognized after using, related to consumer involvement toward clothing, 2) to clarify the effect of product performance on consumption emotion(positive or negative), 3) to investigate the effect of consumption emotion on satisfaction, and 4) to find out whether product performance had a direct effect on satisfaction toward product. The study was conducted in three steps. Through the two steps, measurement instruments were developed. At the last step, judgement sampling method were utilized to collect the data and subjects were 614 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: 1) Consumer involvement had an effect on product performances but it was related to the expressive product performance more than to the instrumental product performance. 2) Product performance had positive influence on positive consumption emotion, while it had negative influence on negative consumption emotion. The results revealed that there were significant relationships between product performance and consumption emotion. 3) Positive consumption emotion had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction, on the other hand negative consumption emotion had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. 4) Although the direct effects of product performances on satisfaction were larger than the indirect effects, product performance was greatly influential in consumption emotion and consumption emotion was strongly related to consumer satisfaction. Therefore, consumption emotion is an important determinant variable in the process of consumer satisfaction.