• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 2021

Digital radiography imaging systems can also help diagnose lesions in patients, but if x-rays that enter the human body cause scatter x-ray due to interaction with substances, they affect the signal and noise characteristics of digital x-ray images. To regard the human body as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and observe the properties of scattered x-ray generated from PMMA on x-ray images, we analyze signal and noise in the spatial domain as well as noise-power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) at zero frequency. As PMMA thickness increased, signals decreased, the noise increased, and NPS degradation was identified in overall spatial frequencies. Based on these characteristics, zero-frequency performance was also shown to be degraded. Comparative analysis with Monte-carlo simulations will need to be made to analyze the zero-frequency performance by scattered x-ray of indirect conversion-type x-ray detectors more quantitatively.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to examine the relationship between Chinese employees' collectivism orientation and organizational commitment and interpersonal helping behavior and verify the differences of such relationships between new and the previous generation of employees. Design/methodology/approach - The 262 Chinese employees participated in self-reported survey through online platform. The confirmatory factor analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis were performed to test hypotheses. Findings - We found that Chinese employees' collectivism orientation positively influenced their organizational commitment and interpersonal helping behavior. Regarding the moderating role of generation, our result revealed that while the positive relationship between collectivism orientation and organizational commitment was significant for previous generation of employees, such relationship was not valid for new generation employees. However, there was no significant generational difference in the relationship between collectivism orientation and interpersonal helping behavior. Research implications or Originality - Considering that there have been relatively few empirical studies examining the interaction between employees' cultural characteristic and generations, this study contributes to demonstrate that the positive influence of Chinese employees' collectivism orientation on organizational commitment vary depending on Chinese generations. In addition, this study provides implications that organizational leaders in China should understand that the generational difference can influence how employees' collectivism orientation leads to their attitudes towards organizations and need to establish human resource management system by reflecting generational difference.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage, with local and/or distal metastasis. Thus, locoregional and/or local control of the primary tumor is crucial for a better prognosis in patients with OSCC. Platelets have long been considered major players in cancer metastasis. Traditional antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, are thought to be potential chemotherapeutics, but they need to be used with caution because of the increased bleeding risk. Podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing cancer cells can activate platelets and promote OSCC metastasis. However, the reciprocal effect of platelets on PDPN expression in OSCC has not been investigated. In this study, we found that direct contact with platelets upregulated PDPN and integrin β1 at the protein level and promoted invasiveness of human OSCC Ca9.22 cells that express low levels of PDPN. In another human OSCC HSC3 cell line that express PDPN at an abundant level, silencing of the PDPN gene reduced cell invasiveness. Analysis of the public database further supported the co-expression of PDPN and integrin β1 and their increased expression in metastatic tissues compared to normal and tumor tissues of the oral cavity. Taken together, these data suggest that PDPN is a potential target to regulate platelet-tumor interaction and metastasis for OSCC treatment, which can overcome the limitations of traditional antiplatelet drugs.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this was to find out the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris by gender when sitting on a chair while performing stairs gait (US; Up-stairs, DS; Down-stairs). Method: 13 male subjects (age: 22.00 ± 1.68 yrs, height: 174.85 ± 6.10 cm, weight: 68.15 ± 9.83 kg) and 15 female subjects (age: 21.17 ± 1.58 yrs, height: 168.20 ± 5.55 cm, weight: 55.73 ± 6.94 kg) participated in this study. The study used wireless three channel EMG. Results: In this study, there was no gender difference in quadriceps femoris activity during the US and DS periods, and there was no significant difference between the male group before and after postural maintenance during the US and DS periods. The quadriceps muscle of the female group also did not show a significant difference before and after US sitting. However, the vastus medialis muscle activity during DS in the female group was significantly lower after application than before application of maintaining a sitting posture (p<.05). There was no interaction effect between the 15-minute sitting position application and gender. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that sitting in a chair affects the transient functioning of the quadriceps muscle in women. Therefore, emphasize the need for active rest when sitting in a chair for long periods of time.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2023

This dissertation discusses the formulation of a nonlinear storytelling board that preserves the contextual perspective of characters. Storytelling encompasses the director's creative intention by leveraging the interaction of various elements to construct a logical narrative that explores cause and effect. Its primary objective is to enhance viewers' empathy. Consequently, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research on differentiating storytelling from storyboarding. Moreover, the integrated approach to storytelling and storyboarding holds scholarly value in understanding the process of narrative composition and visualization. Thus, a study proposes a method for constructing nonlinear storytelling boards considering the discrete camera perspective and contextual scene continuity, ultimately contributing to visual complexity and correlation comprehension. This approach enables a careful and simultaneous consideration of the correlations that deepen cognition, including the physical, emotional, and event rhythms mentioned in Karen Perlman's theory.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.903-941
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• 2012

This essay examines Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism focusing on the concepts of 'culture,' 'empire,' and 'nation'. The approach is critical, theoretical, and historical rather than explicatory. Consequently, the range of the essay is not limited to Said's own explanation and argument about Western imperialism and its culture presented in the book. In doing this, this essay finally purposes to be a discursive resistance to the current global empire, the United States, via a critical reading of Said's work. Said's notion of culture is set upon to disclose the function of culture as an apparatus of ideological consent of the dominated to the dominant. When applied to imperial practice, Western culture functions to subject the colonized to the colonizer. Said's geographical approach to imperialism complements the historical understanding of imperialism. Imperialism is not only the practice of Western-centered historicism but also the spatially mutual interaction between the West and the rest of the world. Along with European imperialism, Said poses the current global empire of the United States as his main target of criticism. Said's problem is that he takes the United States as a nation-state. When examined, the United States is not a nation-state, but today's empire. The empire in the appearance of the nation-state United States does not work for the interest of the American nation, that is, the American people. The empire is the transnational and postnational political and economic institution that works for the interest of global capital. In order to resist the current global empire, this essay suggests that the building or restoration of nation-states with its basic principle of people's sovereignty is in need.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2023

Hand gesture recognition is an essential technology for the people who have difficulties using spoken language to communicate. Electromyogram (EMG), which is often utilized for hand gesture recognition, is expected to have difficulties in hand gesture recognition because its people's movements varies depending on prior postures, but the study on this subject is rare. In this study, we conducted tests to confirm if the prior postures affect on the accuracy of gesture recognition. Data were recorded from 20 subjects with different prior postures. We achieved average accuracies of 89.6% and 52.65% when the prior states between the training and test data were unique and different, respectively. The accuracy was increased when both prior states were considered, which confirmed the need to consider a variety of prior states in hand gesture recognition with EMG.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.324-340
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• 1990

Support has always been considered an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of supportive nursing or meaningful supportive behaviors. Clarification of the concept, support in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses on nursing behaviors that are effective in providing support and on understanding the relevant properties and charcteristics of the concept, supportive nursing care. The objectives of the study were : 1. to analyse the concept, support in nursing, in order to provide a definition of supportive nursing care, and 2. to operationalize the definition of supportive nursing care and use it as an experimental nursing intervention for patients with low back pain. The first part of the study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1983) to define the concept of supportive nursing care. The properties of supportive nursing care, defined by this analysis, included perception of supportive need, reciprocal interaction(Transaction), listening, providing empathy and information related to health, and confirmation of the patient's verbal and non - verbal response. The second part, the experimental part of the study, was done using King's(1970) Interpersonal Theory for Nursing. The concept, supportive nursing care, as defined in the concept analysis was operationalized and used as the experimental intervention. The experiment tested the effectiveness of the independent variable, supportive nursing care on the dependent variables, depression, mood and patient satisfaction, in the patients with low back pain in army hospitals. The instruments used to measure the dependent variables were Zung's(1965) Self- Rating Depression Scale, Ryman and Colleagues'(1974) Mood Questionnaire and LaMonica and Colleagues'(1986) Patient Satisfaction Scale. The experimental design used for this study was a Solomon 4 group experimental design. This design has the strength of allowing for observation of the main effects of supportive nursing care and pretesting, and for observation of the interaction effects of pretesting and supportive nursing care. The design includes one experimental group and three control groups. The Subjects of this study were 150 young male patients with low back pain on Neuro - Surgical Wards in three general army hospitals. There were 35 in the experimental group, 39 in the pre - posttest control group, 36 in the treatment - posttest control group and 40 in the posttest only control group. Supportive nursing care, as operationalized by the researcher according to the concept analysis, was given to the patients in the experimental group and the treatment -posttest control group, individually for 30 minute sessions, every other day for 5 days. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The data were collected in a pretest one week before the supportive nursing care sessions, a posttest immediately after the sessions and follow- up test one week later. Hypotheses testing was done using 2×2 factorial analysis of variance and Meta analysis(Stouffer's Z method). The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis Ⅰ, “There will be a difference on depression level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝8.49, p＜.05). 2. Hypothesis Ⅱ, “There will be a difference on mood level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who to not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (Z meta＝2.17, p＜.05). 3. Hypothesis Ⅲ, “There will be a difference on satisfaction level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝13.67, p＜.05). 4. ANOVA, done to examine the interaction effect of history and maturation, showed no significant difference on the dependent variables between the observations of the pretest scores of the experimental group, the pretest scores of the pre- posttest control group and the posttest score of the posttest only control group. 5. To test for continuing effect of supportive nursing care, paired t-test was done to compare the scores for the dependent variables at the posttest and at the one week later follow-up test. No significant difference on the scores for the dependent variables was found between the posttest scores and the follow-up test scores for the two groups that received supportive nursing care, the experimental group and the treatment-posttest control group. In conclusion, it was found that in the case of young soldiers with low back pain in army hospitals, their depression level was decreased, their mood state was changed positively and their satisfaction level was increased by receiving supportive nursing care. Further, the effectiveness of the supportive nursing care lasted for at least one week in this study. The significance of this study to nursing is in the analysis of the concept of supportive nursing care and the demonstration of the effectiveness of supportive nursing care as an intervention within the limits of the study.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.227-245
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• 2023

As offline company and online·mobile startups meet in an untact shopping environment, competition among companies in untact shopping is increasing. In this situation, companies need their own clear strategy to create customer value. In particular, it is very important to focus on 'customer experience' to establish such a strategy in an untact shopping environment. Customer experience refers to all processes in which consumers meet and experience a company or brand at a touch point. In this processes consumers decide whether to continue to use the company and brand. In this situation, it is thought that it will be meaningful for research to examine the customer experience of untact shopping. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the customer experience of untact shopping, which is used by all generations after COVID-19, through experience quality, and to examine the impact on the expectation-confirmation Model of untact shopping. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of examining whether interaction quality, information quality, and outcome quality affect expectation-confirmation it was found that all qualities except interaction quality affect expectation matching. Second, as a result of examining whether interaction quality, information quality, and outcome quality affect perceived usefulness, it was found that all qualities except interaction quality had an effect. Next, as a result of applying the expectation confirmation model to the untact shopping environment and examining whether the expectation confirmation has an effect on use satisfaction, it was found that there was a positive effect. As a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects use satisfaction, it was found to have a positive effect. As a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects expectation confirmation, it was found that there is a positive effect. Finally, as a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects the intention to continue using untact shopping, it was found to be positive. Next, as a result of examining the effect of use satisfaction on trust, it was found that there was a positive effect. Finally, as a result of investigating whether trust has an effect on the intention to continue using, it was found that there is a positive effect. Looking at the important results especially, information quality was found to have the greatest influence.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-42
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• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.