• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1761-1767
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• 2015

Sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, is becoming an important aquaculture species in Korea. However, viral nervous necrosis disease is a large problem causing mass mortality in sevenband grouper aquaculture. Recombinant protein vaccines are one of the best methods to reduce these economic losses. However, the cell-based expression method mainly produces inclusion bodies and requires additional procedures. In this study, we expressed a recombinant viral coat protein of sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (NNV) using a cell-free protein synthesis system. The purified recombinant NNV coat protein (rNNV-CP) was injected into sevenband grouper at different doses followed by a NNV challenge. Nonimmunized fish in the first trial (20 μg/fish) began to die 5 days post-challenge and reached 70% cumulative mortality. In contrast, immunized fish also starting dying 5 days postchallenge but lower cumulative mortality (10%) was observed. Cumulative morality in the second trial with different doses (20, 4, and 0.8 μg/fish) was 10%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. These results suggest that rNNV-CP can effectively immunize sevenband grouper depending on the dose administered. This study provides a new approach to develop a recombinant vaccine against NNV infection for sevenband grouper.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.256-260
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• 2002

Bone marrow necrosis is a rare complication of a variety of diseases affecting the marrow. The cause and incidence are unknown, and reports of treatment response are rare. We describe a case of relapsed acute mixed type leukemia with bone marrow necrosis. The patient was a 10 year old female diagnosed with acute mixed type leukemia four years ago. She had been on second remission state for 1 year, presented with severe back pain, tenderness in lower extremities, low-grade fever and general weakness. Her level of serum lactic dehydrogenase on admission was increased. Bone marrow aspiration from both posterior iliac crest showed marrow necrosis. Subsequent examination showed the same feature. Hip MRI showed heterogenous low signal intensity in both iliac bone on T-1 weighted image and heterogenous high signal intensity on T-2 wieghted image. Remission induction therapy was started but she expired on 59th hospital day due to the complication of sepsis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

Purpose: To report our opinions of management about avascular necrosis following operative treatment of talar fracture and dislocation. Materials and Methods: We followed up 5 patients who were diagnosed as talar avascular necrosis after operation of talar fracture and dislocation. Clinical and radiological analysis were performed. The mean age of patients was 36 years. There were 4 males and 1 females. The average follow up was 51 months. Hawkins scoring system was used as clinical evaluation. Results: Regardless of radiological sclerotic finding, all patients showed satisfactory clinical result. Despite arthritic change in one patient, there were no further radiological and clinical deterioration to require salvage procedure. Conclusion: Most avascular necrosis after operative treatment of talar fracture and dislocation showed satisfactory result with conservative treatment. Thus, salvage operation such as talectomy or ankle fusion should be reserved in cases of intractable ankle pain and claudication.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN), prognostic reliability of the Hawkins sign, and clinical outcomes after operative treatment of fracture and dislocations of the talar neck. Materials and Methods: We analysed 16 patients with fracture and dislocations of the talar neck which were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for more than 2 years. The postoperative radiographs were examined for Hawkins sign and avascular necrosis was confirmed by bone scan. The assessment of clinical results was based on the Hawkins scoring system. Results: AVN was occurred in 2 of 16 cases (12.5%) only in type III. Hawkins sign was found 11 of 16 cases (68.8%), which included 8 cases in type II, 2 cases in type III and 1 case in type IV. The Hawkins sign was not observed in two cases with AVN. In contrast, only 2 of the 5 cases with a negative Hawkins sign developed AVN. According to Hawkins scoring system, 4 patients (25.0%) was in excellent, 7 patients (43.8%) in good, 4 patients (25.0%) in fair and 1 patient (6.3%) in poor. Conclusion: Incidence of AVN after operative treatment of fracture and dislocations of the talar neck was lower than that of previous reports. Hawkins sign had a high prognostic reliability, but absence of Hawkins' sign should not be considered a totally reliable indicator of development of avascular necrosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2014

Background For early breast cancer patients, skin-sparing mastectomy or nipple-sparing mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy has become the mainstream treatment for immediate breast reconstruction in possible cases. However, a few cases of skin necrosis caused by methylene blue dye (MBD) used for sentinel lymph node localization have been reported. Methods Immediate breast reconstruction using a silicone implant was performed on 35 breasts of 34 patients after mastectomy. For sentinel lymph node localization, 1% MBD (3 mL) was injected into the subareolar area. The operation site was inspected in the postoperative evaluation. Results Six cases of immediate breast reconstruction using implants were complicated by methylene blue dye. One case of local infection was improved by conservative treatment. In two cases, partial necrosis and wound dehiscence of the incision areas were observed; thus, debridement and closure were performed. Of the three cases of wide skin necrosis, two cases underwent removal of the dead tissue and implants, followed by primary closure. In the other case, the breast implant was salvaged using latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap reconstruction. Conclusions The complications were caused by MBD toxicity, which aggravated blood disturbance and skin tension after implant insertion. When planning immediate breast reconstruction using silicone implants, complications of MBD should be discussed in detail prior to surgery, and appropriate management in the event of complications is required.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1422-1425
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• 2002

Subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonates is a rare disease characterized by skin lesions, which may be single or multiple, poorly circumscribed and often tender erythematous nodules or plaques on cheeks, buttocks, back, arms, and thighs. These symptoms are usually self-limited; resolution occurs over a period of weeks to months. Subcutaneous fat necrosis affects full term and healthy-appearing infants who have experienced perinatal distress such as hypoxic insult, birth trauma and hypothermia. Most skin lesions appear within the first two weeks of life. We experienced a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis in a neonate with hypoxic insult and report the case with a brief review of the literature.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2008

Purpose: While radiotherapy remains an essential part of the multidisciplinary treatment of cancers, it may cause unwanted consequences such as tissue break down and chronic non-healing wounds as a result of hypoxia, hypovascularity, and hypocellularity. The conservative treatment of osteoradionecrosis was effective only in the early stages or has a limited result. The surgical treatment of osteoradionecrosis includes various local fasciocutaneous flaps, local myocutaneous flaps and different kinds of free flaps with cancellous bone graft or alloplastic material after removal of all devitalized tissue. This study reviews recent cases of osteoradionecrosis in Severance hospital and investigates the use of various flaps for reconstruction of osteoradionecrosis. Methods: From 2000 to 2006, a total of 29 patients, nine men and twenty women with a mean age of 60.4 years were identified and included in the study. Fasciocutaneous flaps were used on 7 patients and myocutaneous flaps were used on the remaining patients. Mean follow-up period was 10.4 months. Results: In the fasciocutaneous flap group, we noted two complications including total flap failure and a partial flap necrosis. In the myocutaneous flap group, four complications were noted including a partial flap necrosis and 3 cases of wound dehiscence. Considering the complications noted in this study, the natural history of progression to flap necrosis appeared to follow the following sequence of events: marginal flap necrosis, infection, wound dehiscence, flap floating and partial flap necrosis, serially. Conclusion: Successful surgical treatment of osteoradionecrosis includes wide radical debridement and reconstruction with a well vascularized flap like myocutaneous flap or fasciocutaneous flap.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1705-1711
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• 2009

Carcinoma cells that had acquired resistance to a chemotherapeutic drug often show cross-resistance to various other cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we explored the effect of heat shock in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells SNU601/Cis2 to figure out the efficacy of hyperthermia in drug-resistant carcinoma. While SNU601/WT cells showed a high-sensitivity response to heat shock by dying through apoptosis, SNU601/Cis2 cells were considerably resistant to mild heat shock, but died by necrosis upon treatment with harsh heat shock. The occurrence of necrosis in SNU601/Cis2 cells was linked to the suppression of both JNK1/2 activation and HSP27 induction in response to heat shock. Since necrosis is closely associated with tumor malignancy and poor prognosis through inflammatory responses, our result suggests that hyperthermic treatment should be carefully applied when it is combined with chemotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 2000

Background : TNF may play an important role(central mediator) in the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since TNF induced lung injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and abnormalities in surfactant function have been described in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors investigated the effects of TNF on the regulation of surfactant protein A, B and C mRNA accumulation. Methods : The effects of TNF on gene expression of surfactant protein A, B, and C were analyzed using filter hybridization, 12 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of TNF in rats. Results : 1. The accumulation of SP-A mRNA in the TNF treated group (12 and 24 hours after TNF injection) was significantly decreased by 22.9% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<.025, P<.025). 2. The accumulation of SP-B mRNA in 24 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 20.5% compared to that of the control group(P<.01). 3. The accumulation of SP-C mRNA in 12 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 31% the compared to that of the control group(P<.01). Conclusions : These findings indicate the marked inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression in vivo. This finding. in turn, supports the idea of inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression as it relates to pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 1998

Shell necrosis, which is found in the juvenile stage of Haliotis discus hannai in th culture process, was examine in this study. In the necrosis shell, bacteria of rod type and a blue green algal species with heterocyst were observed. However, it appears to be caused by a boring blue green alga, Mastigocoleus sp., as based on SEM data. At the time of its infection, the shell was discolored from green into bright-grey, and then began to be brittle at the 4th to 6th breathing hole. After 60 days of culture, necrosis occurred in the breathing holes with many brown tiny colony, and continued to 3 years after culture. This shell necrosis was found in the tank culture system in land rather than in the cage culture system in sea, and greatly affected to the growth of Haliotis discus hannai, resulting in very small size of 16mm in 3 year old shell.