• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.119-136
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• 2002

Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. During the Daebo igneous activities (c.a. 200-150 (?) Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between c.a. 195 and 135 (127 ?) Ma. The Jurassic Au deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/hu ratios in the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities $(110\~50Ma)$, the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high AE/AU ratios in the ore concentrates, and diversity of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, Ag-rich electrum and native silver nth Ag sulfides, Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts and Ag tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems in Korea. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits (orogenic type) were formed at the relatively high temperature $(about\;300^{\circ}\;to\;450^{\circ}C)$ and deep-crustal level $(4.0{\pm}1.5\;kb)$ from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters $(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;5\~10\%_{\circ})$. It can. It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as $CO_2$ boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo- to mesothermal environments. In contrast, the Cretaceous Au-dominant $(l13\~68\;Ma),\;Au-Ag \;(108\~47\;Ma)$ and Ag-dominant $(103\~45\;Ma)$ deposits, which correspond to volcanic-plutonic-related type, occurred at relatively low temperature $(about\;200^{\circ}\;to\;350^{\circ}C)$ and shallow-crustal level $(1.0\{pm}0.5\;kb)$ from the ore-forming fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters$(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;-10\~5\%_{\circ})$. These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complexities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epi- to mesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit styles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.487-500
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• 1999

Observation is one of the important aspects in science and science education. However. observation has so many varieties that the purpose and the meaning of scientific observations used in science education are different in persons, contexts, and subjects. In this study, we tried to understand the natures of scientific observation and investigated students' observational activities using four observation tasks: candle, double pendulum, iron filings around bar magnet, two electric bulbs connected in series. We required the subjects to observe the given tasks and described what did they observe. Based on students' observational descriptions, students' observational activities could be classified in four categories: primitive, interpretive, operational, and interfered observation. Also, we could find that some of the descriptions were non-observational activities such as predicting and questioning and so on. Finally, implications for the teaching of observation in science education are suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 1990

The severe atrophic edentulism with poor neuromuscular control militates against successful conventional denture therapy. To such situation, a prescribing of dental implant treatment has been considered with some probability. Implant materials used as a trial for dental implants includes metals, plastic polymers and ceramics. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration process at titanium implant-tissue interface based on biocompatibility at specific period of sequential natures which were divided into a half month, one, month, two months, three months and immediate as a base line. In this study, unilateral lower left premolar and molar teeth were extraced in three dogs. After allowing to heal for 6 months, three kinds of osseointegrated implant, $Br{\aa}nemark$, Corevent and kimplant(a prototype of SNU implant study)were inserted in each dog respectively according to the above sequence from front to back. The specimens were taken from those dogs at the same time since implant were inserted quite reverse order of the specified periods, and decalcified and processed for histologic examination for the light microscopy and the electron microscopy. The microscopic histologic findings at the interface between titanium implants and tissue were interpretated as follows : A. Light microscopic findings : a. Immediate : Implant were surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone. Microcrak was observed in the superficial bone tissue. Osteocytes were disappeared and bone lacunae were observed as a vacant space in some parts. In the contacting with the spongy bone, bone trabeculae and bone marrow were in contact with the implant. b. A half Month : Osteoblasts exist as a monolayer in th inner bone trabeculae and do bone additiocn. Osteoblasts&inflammatory cells were observed in some parts. c. One Month : The presence of osteoclasts decreased. Osteoblasts did active bone fromation, and bone marrow was in contact with the implant in the many places. d. Two Months : Bone formation was advanced in comparison with the b and c. The presence of osteoclsts was not observed. e. Three Months : The superficial bone tissue contacted with the implants was entirely composed by the compact bone. B. Electron microscopic findings : a. A half month and one month group : In the parts of the active bone formation, osteoblasts with the well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were arranged in the monolayer. In the parts of the bone resorption, ruffled border was well developed and many osteoclasts with the well-developed golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuole, vesicle and lysosome were existed. b. Three months group : No osteoblasts were observed in the superficial bone tissue. Bone matrix with collaen fiber was observed. c. No significant dirrerence in the histologic findings was observed in $Br{\aa}nemark$, Core-vent and kimplant.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.36
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• pp.71-99
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• 1998

There is a general consensus that fate of the differentiated welfare state had fallen into the brink of demise during the 1970s while the integrated welfare state model has emerged instead. Indications are all that such trend spotlights occupational welfare which has been relatively neglected, especially, in the field of social welfare. Nevertheless, the occupational welfare system in Korea faced crisis due to two major incidents. One is the IMP crisis which necessitates massive scale of restructuring of the general fabric of the Korean business and industry. There is little doubt that the economic crisis will surely cut down occupational welfare expenditure substantially. The other is a report released by the Korean Labor Research Institute which argus that there is no correlation between the Korean occupational welfare system and labor productivity. Thorough investigation of the Korean occupational welfare system suggests that current system is so outdated that it doesn't meet needs of the industrial workforce which, in turn, fails to enhance workers productivity. Consequently, a need for new paradigm and system arises and employee assistance program(EAP) emerges as a viable alternative. EAP is thoroughly delianeated of it's definition, motivations, functions, ingredients, historical background as well as cost-effectiveness. But major tasks center around an investigation and an analysis of it's applicability. In-depth analysis was carried out on the issue of it's indispensable natures and stumbling blocks on the way to lay it's root in the Korean industrial environment. It seems harder than the herculean task. However, EAP is not simply an alternative but is rather a pressing imperative for the present occupational welfare system in Korea which stands at the crossroad.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a CD program of applied logotherapy to improve the quality of life of older school-age children with terminal cancer. Methods: Keller's ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) theory and a model for developing learning materials (Dick and Cray) were applied to develop this program which comprised four distinct phases: planning, developing, applying, and evaluation stages. Results: This program was entitled 'Finding treasures in my mind' and consisted of 5 sessions, and its educational contents were made up as follows: "Treasure One" is 'learning three natures of the human mind', "Treasure Two" is 'learning creative value as first method to find meaning of life', "Treasure Three" is 'learning experiential value as second method to find meaning of life', "Treasure Four" is 'learning attitudinal value as third method to find meaning of life', and "Treasure Five" is 'Becoming the master of my life'. The sub-menu was made up of 'Beginning', 'What is it?', 'Travelling'. 'Laughing Song', and 'End'. Conclusion: This CD program is an applied logotherapy with flash animation technique as an emotional and spiritual intervention program for easier and more scientific application in pediatric oncology and hospice area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1759-1767
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• 2016

Background: Uterine sarcoma is a group of rare gynecologic tumors with various natures, and different lines of treatment. Most have a poor treatment outcome. This study targeted clinical characteristics, treatment, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prognostic factors in uterine sarcoma patients in one tertiary center for cancer care. Materials and Methods: Uterine sarcoma patients who were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital between January 1994 and December 2014 were identified. Clinico-pathological data were analyzed. Prognostic outcomes were examined by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Results: We identified 46 uterine sarcoma patients: 25 carcinosarcoma (CS) (54.3%), 15 leiomyosarcoma (LMS) (32.6%), and 6 undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) (13.1%) cases. Mean age was $54.0{\pm}11.9years$ (range 25-82 years). Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common presenting symptom (63.0%). Among 33 patients (71.7%) who had pre-operative tissue collected, diagnosis of malignancy was correct in 29 (87.9%). All patients received primary surgery and retroperitoneal lymph nodes were resected in 34 (73.9%). After surgery, 5 (10.9%) had gross residual tumors. Stage I disease was most commonly found (56.5%). Adjuvant treatment was given to 27 (58.7%), most commonly chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 16.0 months (range 0.8-187.4 months), recurrence was encountered in 22 patients (47.8%). Median time to recurrence was 5.8 months (range1.0-105.5 months). Distant metastasis was more common than local or locoregional failure. The 2-year PFS was 45.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.6%-59.7%) and the 2-year OS was 48.3% (95% CI, 33.3%-60.7%). Multivariable analyses found residual disease after surgery as a significant factor only for PFS. Conclusions: Uterine sarcoma is a rare tumor entity. Even with multimodalities of treatment, the prognosis is still poor. Successful cytoreductive surgery is a key factor for a good survival outcome.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.430-450
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• 2002

This study empirically analyses the spatial features of land use and transportation, and residential characteristics of the cases of the Sangin and Siji newly developed districts in Taegu. Before the development, the areas consisted mainly of rice paddies and fields; these areas are now filled with high-density residential complexes, with a proliferation of commerce and service functions. In Sangin, restaurants, retail services, bars and bakeries are the main developments, but Siji developed retail services, restaurants, private institutions for students, and facilities for convenience goods. While the public transportation system is oriented to CBD, the inter-districts transportation network is lacking. The residents are mainly in their 40s to 50s, with white collar jobs. They have a relatively high level of education with high income. They have migrated a relatively short distance to the district. The locational(pull) factors influencing the decision to migrate, for Sangin are transportation, the physical environment and access to the working place, but for Siji it has been the physical environment, the school group, and access to the working place. The main dissatisfaction factors for Sangin are the management fee, the school group and for Siji they are commuting, the management fee and transportation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.361-370
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• 2016

It is well known that the inflow of rainwater and the infiltration of groundwater to sewerage (I/I) increase the sewage and burden sewage treatment plants and lower their treatment efficiency. Therefore, it is important to estimate the amount of I/I. In this study, well groundwaters, public water supplies (PWSs), and sewage and rainwater channels were investigated to check whether oxygen and deuterium isotopes could be used as a tool for I/I estimation. This study shows that the isotopic composition of PWS in Jeonju area is very consistent over time and distinctly lighter than the circulating local rainwater (CLR) because it is supplied from Yongdam Dam, which is located about 40 km inland to the east in the mountainous area. Considering the fact that sewage mostly originates from the PWS, we could calculate the amounts of CLR in the sewerage from a monitoring station using unaffected rainwater and tap water as mixing end members. The calculation revealed that the CLR fraction ranged from 50% to 90% depending on observation time. This is well supported by the dilute natures of the sewages at the station. The fraction of PWS in investigated well waters were about 46%, indicating that leaking of PWS is very serious and is an important groundwater source in the study area. Since the infiltration of such groundwater may not alter the isotopic composition of sewage significantly, the actual I/I would be much greater than the calculated ones.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

With the shift of consumer’s spending behaviors further into emotionally-driven purchases, the role of brand is becoming even more important, which in turn, expands design’s role in the brand image strategy. The contact point between the consumers and the brand is the primary channel for building strong brand image through experience. Therefore, it is critical to comprehensively plan and manage the consumer contact point for any brand. Given the changing market conditions, the objective of this study is to define and structure an integrated design development and management system for building successful brand image. In order to do so, the research analyzed the characters of brand image, the conditions for consumer experience and the roles of emotion. The analysis into the correlation between images and emotion process model yields three natures of an image. The image 1) is based on empirical decisions, 2) expresses and conveys emotional aspects and 3) builds mental values through a sense of sympathy. Through case studies of successful designs that meet all three characteristics, the roles of a brand icon in building strong brand image and the needs for integrated design approach for implementation are defined. The methods for integrated design include 1) providing a focal point through brand image positioning, 2) utilizing visual themes based on brand image plot, 3) building a Total Identity Program to holistically manage brand images and 4) developing brand icons for brand image reinforcement.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a CD program of applied logotherapy for psycho spiritual care of late adolescents with terminal cancer. Methods: Keller & Song's ARCS theory and a model for developing learning materials was applied to develop this program composed four distinct phases: planning, designing, developing, and evaluation stages. Results: This program was entitled 'Finding meaning in my life' and consisted of 5 sessions and its educational contents were made up as follows: "First Secret" is 'learning three natures of the human mind', "Second Secret" is 'learning creative values first method to find meaning of life', "Third Secret" is 'learning experiential value as second method to find meaning of life', "Fourth Secret" is 'learning attitudinal value as third method to find meaning of life', and "Fifth Secret" is 'Becoming the master of my life'. The sub-menu was made up of 'Beginning', 'Opening mind', 'Learning'. 'Laughing Song', 'Experiencing'. Conclusion: This CD program applied logotherapy with flash animation technique as an emotional and spiritual nursing intervention program for easier and more scientific application in pediatric oncology and hospice care area.