• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.382-391
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to understand Jirisan-round Trail trekkers' socioeconomic and travel characteristics, travel motivations, and travel attitudes. On-site and email surveys were carried out from July to November of 2008 and a total of 1,026 individuals' data were analyzed. Survey results showed that the percentages of middle age users, highly educated, and professionals/managers were relatively higher among trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail. And they traveled with a small group, collected destination-related information before traveling, and showed a high level of satisfaction. Especially they had not only strong motivations for admiring, understanding, and experiencing the nature but also positive travel attitudes. Based on the results of a cluster analysis, the trekkers of Jirisan-round Trail were divided into two groups, ecotourists and nature tourists. The ecotourists group showed relatively enthusiastic participation, more nature-oriented and culturally sensitive travel attitudes, and a higher satisfaction. The results would be used for establishing effective management strategies for building environmentally and socially responsible trekking culture.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.536-542
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• 2020

This paper presents a nature-inspired wideband sprout-leaf shaped antenna with end-fire radiation pattern. A sprout-leaf shape angled-radiator was designed for wide beamwidth radiation patterns for motion detection sensors. An extended and truncated ground plane was used as a reflector for end-fire radiation patterns. To feed the balanced radiator, a broadband microstrip (MS) to coplanar stripline (CPS) balun was utilized with excellent amplitude and phase balance. The proposed antenna demonstrates wide frequency bandwidth from 8.5 to 14.5 GHz with wide beamwidth and the radiation efficiency of 90%. The measured gain is from 4 to 5 dBi and front-to-back ratio was 10 to 20 dB. It has been shown that the proposed antenna can be used for imaging sensors, phased array systems, and radars that require a wide bandwidth and a directional radiation pattern.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

With the fast development of modern society, the interests concerned about the significance of nature and environment become major issue nowadays. Especially, threats for our health due to severe environmental pollution and fine dusts become serious problem with the fast industrialization of our society, and extra attention is focused on interests about conservation of nature and management of forest resources. Precious forest resources, however, are not properly managed and destroyed vainly due to frequent fire, damage by storms and floods, and unplanned land development. So systematic and scientific construction and management of forest resources are required in order to solve these problems efficiently. Furthermore, implementation of the forest resource information database that contains information of trees, Topography, ecosystem of the forest is urgently needed. In this paper, we design and implement the forest resource information database based on the information of location based forest resources and Topography using forest images taken by a drone, that enables us to manage forest resources efficiently, make decision for logging, and construct a future tree-planting project easily.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - In today's markets, new technologies such as social network systems and user generated contents have provided consumers with access to unlimited amounts of information and an ability to communicate with other consumers in the world. Specially, the massive of the internet and the development of online communities and interactive platforms offer the potential to cocreate with a large number of consumers. Significant changes in marketplace suggest that simply being consumer oriented is not enough, so firms must learn from and collaborate with consumers to create values that meet their individual and dynamic needs. In these sense, emergent perspectives in marketing highlight new opportunities for co-opting consumers as a means to define and cocreate value through their engagement. Although the importance of consumer co-creation with firms, the current literature lacks the respond to two questions: (1) who are the most competent consumers for creating the values with firm? and (2) what are the stimulaters to help the consumers engage for co-creation? To this answer the question, this research investigate how to structure consumer motivations to encourage consumers to be more engaged for co-creation and what drives a consumer to get involved to respond to a call for co-creation. Research design, data, and methodology - To empirically test the hypotheses, a survey was conducted among consumers who had experienced the co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation with the firms. We collected a total of 343 responses. After we excluded 37 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 306 questionnaire remained. Working with a sample of 306 responses in Seoul and Kwangju, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses. Results - The results indicated that consumer creativity and emergent nature are positively related to engagement in co-creation including upstream, downstream, autonomous, and sponsored co-creation. Also, the relationships between consumer creativity/emergent nature and engagement in co-creation were moderated by intrinsic motivation in case of upstream and downstream co-creation. Finally, interaction effects between consumer creativity/emergent nature and extrinsic motivation were not significant. Conclusions - These results suggest that marketing managers have to consider the consumer personality such as creativity and emergent nature and stimulate the intrinsic motivation of consumer to achieve the co-creation project successfully.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.2
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• pp.103-128
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• 2000

The classification of records is basically different from that of librarian materials because records have a nature of spontaneous and correlated product made during the process of work, as well as a value of proof and information. Hence the main task of archival management institute is to classify those records through the process of transfer and receipt for the purpose of reservation and utilization of their value. Therefore, the records should be classified by the manner, which reflects the function and organization of producing institute, and in turn, the principles of producing site and original record order should be maintained for this purpose. The characteristics of librarian materials and records and the tasks of management institutes form the basis of very different principles. The records can present the characteristics of producing institute and maintain the value made by the correlated nature as they are classified, managed and preserved by the above principles, In addition, it is known how and why they were produced and utilized, as well as they can be preserved in original form and effectively arranged, recorded and managed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.1 s.100
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• pp.106-120
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• 2006

Using aesthetics of Rosencranz as the basis, this study contains the peculiarities of 'ugliness' and the obscured conceptual meaning of 'avant-garde', 'grotesque', and 'decadence' that are being utilized under ambiguous significance are defined through modern fashion and fashion of online game characters. Forms of 'ugliness' expressed in modern fashion and in games characters display distortion of form through incongruity, unbalance, disproportion and disharmony, and with this lack of form and expressional imprecision, both contain the elements of comical characteristics of vulgarity and repugnance. The difference in 'ugliness' between modern fashion and game character fashion is, the significance of 'ugliness' being expressed in modern fashion challenges new concepts by refusing tradition and recovering the human nature that has become turbid. On the other hand, 'ugliness' in game character fashion complements the story of the game that uses legends, fantasies or novels as its basis. Opposed to the significance of recovering human nature that is displayed in modern fashion, in order to terminate the opposing game character, the fashion of game characters exaggerates the form of modern fashion with added brutality. In addition, with the advantage of virtual reality that allows a more flexible expression than in the real word, images created are more sensational and excessive use of grotesque images are being expressed.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2014

When taught the precise definition of ${\pi}$, students may be simply asked to memorize its approximate value without developing a rigorous understanding of the underlying reason of why it is a constant. Measuring the circumferences and diameters of various circles and calculating their ratios might just represent an attempt to verify that ${\pi}$ has an approximate value of 3.14, and will not necessarily result in an adequate understanding about the constant nor formally proves that it is a constant. In this study, we aim to investigate prospective teachers' conceptual understanding of ${\pi}$, and as a constant and whether they can provide a proof of its constant property. The findings show that prospective teachers lack a holistic understanding of the constant nature of ${\pi}$, and reveal how they teach students about this property in an inappropriate approach through a proving activity. We conclude our findings with a suggestion on how to improve the situation.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 2000

A knowledge-based with production rules is a representation of static knowledge of an expert. On the other hand, a real system such as the stock market is dynamic in nature. Therefore we need a method to reflect the dynamic nature of a system when we make inferences with a knowledge-based system. This paper suggests a strategy of dynamic inference that can be used to take into account the dynamic behavior of decision-making with the knowledge-based system consisted of fuzzy production rules. A degree of match(DM) between actual input information and a condition of a rule is represented by a value [0,1]. Weights of relative importance of attributes in a rule are obtained by the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Then these weights are applied as exponents for the DM, and the DMs in a rule are combined, with the Min operator, into a single DM for the rule. In this way, the importance of attributes of a rule, which can be changed from time to time, can be reflected in an inference with fuzzy production systems.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1994

In the high degree information society of the 21st century, along with the social activity becoming much more closer, our life style will also be very much changed. Recognition for obtaining various informations rapidly will be anticipated to enhance and the progress of a mobile communication system is greatly expected. This will enable the system to give and receive ″whenever, wherever, whomever, whatsever information.″ In our country, the car telephone and personal mobile communication services of radio calling etc. are diversified by the telecommunication system reformation and by the introduction of competive principle of the hereafter of 1988. Moreover, in accordance with the tariff, the number of subscrier is rapidly increasing. On the other hand, on the utility side of business, for the realization of a mobile communication which is abundant in functional nature, not only the hitherto voice but also non voice system of data communication is being introduced. The Ministry of Communications of Korea has been expediting the effective utilization of limited frequency band of qusai microwave band etc. as a concrete measures for an ever increasing demand. At the same time, to disseminate and promote a mobile communication most effectively, convenience, economic, and safety nature of the system, and in addition to these, international standardization is considered. For constitution of a new mobile communication, the Ministry has been promoting various policies designed for the digitalization of system, utility extention for home. personal level.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2024

Cloud-based e-learning (CBEL) represents a promising technological frontier. Existing literature has presented a diverse array of findings regarding the determinants that influence the adoption of CBEL. The primary objective of this study is to conduct an exhaustive examination of the available literature, aiming to determine the key predictors of CBEL utilization by employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. A comprehensive review of 35 articles was undertaken, shedding light on the status of CBEL as an evolving field. Notably, there has been a discernible downturn in related research output during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the temporal dynamics of this subject. It is noteworthy that a significant portion of this research has emanated from the Asian continent. Furthermore, the dominance of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in research frameworks is affirmed by our findings. Through a rigorous thematic analysis, our study identified five overarching themes, each encompassing a diverse range of sub-themes. These themes encompass 1) technological factors, 2) individual factors, 3) organizational factors, 4) environmental factors, and 5) security factors. This categorization provides a structured framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of CBEL adoption determinants. Our study serves as a compass, guiding future research endeavours in this domain. It underscores the imperative for further investigations utilizing diverse theoretical frameworks, contextual settings, research methodologies, and variables. This call for diversity and expansion in research efforts reflects the dynamic nature of CBEL and the evolving landscape of e-learning technologies.