• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

Purpose: This paper is a basic study aiming the establishment of Health theory according to korean culture. Especially planned to reveal the types of recognition on concepts of health in korean elderly. Methods: This study is using the Q-method, to collect rightly the concepts of objects in health. Results: This analysis shows us the 4 independent types of recognition about concepts of health in korean elderly as follows. Type Ⅰ: traditional & accommodational type, They positively agree to the concepts of health immanent in Shamanism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and folk customs. Type Ⅱ: modern & depedent type, They not only interpret concepts of health scientifically and modernly, but also positively accept the concepts of health in oriental medicine. Type Ⅲ: western medical & self-leading type, They interpret concepts of health scientifically and western-medically. Type Ⅳ: naturalistic & self-reliance type. They consider positively searching for well-being as health rather than simply situation devoid of diseases. Conclusions: All 4 types we can see that the fundamental concepts of health in korean elderly are complicated not only with mere western-medical concept of health, but also with concepts of health in oriental medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism which represent the oriental view of world.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.172-178
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• 2012

Data from clinical studies are needed for psychiatrists to make quick and scientific decisions based on the best available evidence in clinical settings. Various methods of clinical studies are useful for clinicians to have reliable answers to unmet clinical needs. Although randomized controlled trials may provide high-quality information about major issues, well-designed, naturalistic and observational studies often give us unbiased explanation for real-world phenomena. Adequate selection of clinical variables and appropriate number of participants are key factors of well-designed clinical studies. Statistical methods can add an extra dimension to initial design of clinical studies. Given ethical issues in clinical studies on psychiatric disorders, special regards should be paid to participants' ability to provide informed consents. New strategies of clinical studies need to be developed to meet clinical needs and protect the rights and welfare of study participants.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.604-611
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• 2006

Purpose. Koreans are one of the fastest growing Asian populations in the U.S. since 1960s. In Korean immigrant women (KIW), breast cancer was reported as the most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, their screening rates for breast cancer are lower than national guidelines; it is assumed that underlying cultural schemas of breast, breast cancer, and its screening modalities exist and need to be studied. This study was aimed to investigate cultural meanings of breast, breast cancer, and breast cancer screenings in KIW. Methods. Using cultural models theory from cognitive anthropology, naturalistic qualitative methodology was utilized. Three focus group interviews with fifteen KIW were conducted. Thematic analysis with constant comparison technique was performed eliciting units of meaning, categories, and themes. Results. The cultural schema of the meaning of breast is 'mother who is breast-feeding her baby,' with two themes of 'balance in size,' and 'shyness.' Regarding breast cancer, three themes, i.e., 'indifference,' 'fear,' and 'uncertainty' are emerged. 'Lack of information about screening modalities' is the overarching schema with reference to breast cancer screenings. Conclusions. The findings of this study demonstrate unique cultural models of KIW related to breast cancer and its screenings, which are critical to understand and penetrate their barriers to breast cancer screening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.7 s.106
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to formulate a concept of naturalism in fashion and verify the design characteristics found in such designs via reviewing the concept of naturalism and its influence on dress making in different periods in history. The references from various academic fields including philosophy, literature and fine arts were used to examine how the naturalism was formulated over the years. This study was then to identify the naturalistic influences by closely examining various Western dress codes found in literature, publications and actual samples. The results of this study shows that the close examination of naturalism in fashion with the changes of times displayed the complex evolution process over the years, and they were classified by four distinctive categories; Retro, Ecology, Primitive and Ethnic. Naturalism in the contemporary fashion design showed higher frequency of adopting ecological and retro styles, especially retro style adoption being on the rise, combining wide range of partial components of each style. The color usage showed the skewed concentration on YellowRed, Red and Yellow colors with pale, light grayish and grayish tones.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.4 s.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze formative features of women shoes, to develop distinctive shoes design for coming fashion trend. the methods of this study are documentary research and case study. In the theoretical study, this study has catched the origin of shoes and the changes of shoes design of each era. for the study of formative features of women shoes in 1990's, 215 kinds of pictures have been selected from in professional shoes magazines. The results of analysis are as follow. Woman shoes categorized the design factors into shape, material, decoration. Reformational shape that reconstructs old shape of shoes by comtemporary aesthetic, shape in that dual images were mixed, re-created shape that was constructed through the reconstruction of structures and shapes of shoes. Material image was strengthened by varying patterns of unburned calf, leopard and zebra. Avant-garde was appeared by using naturalistic material to represent natural beauty or using merry, daring material. Post-modern tendency was appeared like using brassiere strap instead of back strap or using round string in elegant shoes.

• Architectural research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

This paper investigates the development of attitudes to historic conservation from the turn of the nineteenth century when certain theoretical opinions on the protection of buildings began to be developed, through the time when the Venice Charter was established, to recent international trends in historic conservation. This paper also explores the contribution of these attitudes and ideas towards an international approach for historic conservation. This paper demonstrates that the Venice Charter is the acme of progress in the European stance towards restoration, reflecting European values of architecture and its conservation, and thus it is not sufficiently 'universal' to be unequivocally applied in non-Western countries. Secondly, recent international trends in historic conservation subvert the notions of Western cultural hegemony which have permeated global conservation practices, and accept the diversity of value criteria for heritage and its conservation in different cultural context. Thirdly, this paper argues that the conservation approaches in Asian societies need to move further into the retention and extension of the spirit and naturalistic sensibilities inherent in the architecture. Historic conservation is an expression of different cultural values attached to heritage resources by different societies. For conservation program to be effective, conservation should take place within a socio-cultural context.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.389-393
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• 2000

Ethnography, a major research method in Anthropology, has been recently applied in human-centered design research. Since ethnography has empirical, naturalistic, holistic and eclectic characteristics, it is needed a guideline to apply ethnography into design research in accordance with a characteristic of project. Design project in which ethnography is applied can be categorized by two criteria; degree of newness of project goal(existing user-potential user) and limitedness of worksite(site-oriented-work-oriented). Among work-site activities, technology in use, and user group culture, it should be decided which content to content to focus more than others and thus what kinds of research techniques to apply in the ethnographic research.Case study was to design an interior of a Korean express train. This project is site-oriented and has an existing-potential users. Therefore, video ethnography was effectively applied to obtain chronological data of activity potential users. Therefore, video ethnography was effectively applied to obtain chronological data of activity flow, and participant observation was applied to obtain statistical data of synchronous activities. Case study shows a concrete process example of how to apply ethnography into design research.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2010

Purpose: This paper is a basic study done to establish a theory of health according to Korean culture. The focus is on identifying perceived concepts of health in older Korean women. Method: The Q-method, which is effective in measuring individual subjectivity, was used in this study. Results: Perception of the concept of health was found to have 4 independent types, as follows. 1. Type I : natural & couple-oriented type. Women with this type not only have a naturalistic view of health but also put weight on being couple-centered. 2. Type II: oriental & children-oriented type. These women have traditional oriental views of the world, and are strongly dependent on their children. 3. Type III: western & altruistic type. These women do not agree with oriental concepts of health. They are positive altruists, pursuing the meaning of life. 4. Type IV: modern & self-oriented type. Women with this type not only interpret the concepts of health within western medicine, but also positively accept oriental views of the world. Conclusions: Health concepts of older Korean women are complicated, not only with western-medical concepts of health, but also more strongly complicated with concepts from oriental medicine.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1997

This study was performed to develope the method of wildgrass to process as hydroseeding material which is a most popular revegetation method for Slope areas through the control of soil eroison and stability by seeding grasses. The wildgrass material for the processing were harvested at Suwon, Kyungki-do and Wonju, Kangwon-do in 1994. The investigations were established in laboratory for pot and field experiment with seven treatments by harvesting date and place in 1995. Results indicated that wildgrass harvested field in open space or road side was able to be used as hydroseeding material by proper processing. It was possible to substitute wildgrass seed to conrrnercial turfgrass seed, and plant tissue to mulching fiber by drying and crushing process. Germination of wildgrass seed was relatively slower than control (20g /$m^2$ turfgrass seed) in early stage of 20 days, but surface revegetation rate was higher in 50 days at wildgrass plot than control applied by normal hydroseeding method. Mixture of 5g /$m^2$ of cool season turfgrass seed to wildgrass material increased the rate of early stage of germination and surface revegetation. The application of wildgrass as hydroseeding material showed more naturalistic scenery than rutine hydroseeding with imported cool season turfgrass seed. Key words: Rydroseeding, Turfgrass, Wildgrass, Revegetation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 1991

There is now a large body of research which investigate the preconceptions held by the students in a variety of school levels ranging from the elementary schools to the universities. A problem exists, however, in applying the fingings of the research to the practices of science education. Meanwhile the field of science education is in urgent need of the new instructional theories. One viable means of improving such problematic situation as this is to develop the teaching/learning materials which incorporate the suggestions implied by the results of the research. A prosedure for developing an instructional material and the application of the material in the naturalistic classes are described. Also described in this article are the analyses of the effectiveness of the materials and the implications of this developmental study for the teaching strategies of science.