• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.901-910
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the amount (i.e., retention volume) and chemical composition of Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) across different sites in a temperate forest. The three forest sites that were considered include riparian zones (site 1), streams (site 2), and densely-canopied areas (site 3). From May to October 2021, a mini pump was used to measure the collected NVOCs. These measurements were conducted once a month, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am; these times encompass peak visitation times. In the tree layers of the site 1 and 2, Quercus acuta was dominant, whereas Camellia japonica dominated their subtree layers. On the other hand, the tree layer of site 3 was dominated by Castanopsis sieboldii, whereas Camellia japonica dominated its subtree layer. The retention volume and chemical composition of NVOCs was as follows: benzaldehyde (107.528ppm), α-pinene (37.868ppm), linalool (16.258ppm), eucalyptol (14.818ppm), and sabinene hydrate (14.679ppm). In particular, the retention volume of benzaldehyde decreased as temperature increased. In contrast, the retention volume of α-pinene increased as the temperature increased. The differences in forest topography across the studies sites were in the following order: riparian area> forest area> stream area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

Objectives: Scientific verification for health effects has been constantly demanded through the forest healing factors. In this study, phytoncide concentration which is one of the forest healing factors, was investigated according to stand density, season and visiting time, and analyzed correlation with micrometeorology factors. Methods: Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) were collected using a measuring instrument which is connected to an air pump with the Tenax TA tube. The 32NVOCs were selected through the detailed criteria of adequacy assessment for recreational forest. The statistical analysis (correlation and stepwise regression analysis) was conducted between phytoncide concentration and micrometeorology factors. Results: NVOCs concentration linearly increased according to stand density. The high level showed in the summer (p<0.05), and there is no significant difference according to visiting hours of the Healing forest. NVOCs is a negative correlation with solar radiation, PAR and wind direction, and a positive correlation with relative humidity and temperature (p<0.01). NVOCs increased following the increase of humidity and temperature ($R^2=0.55$). Conclusions: Phytoncide linearly increased according to stand density, and showed the correlation significantly with microclimate factors. In future, these results will be utilized as a basic material to promote the generation of phytoncide, which positively influences human health promotion and manage the forest welfare space.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2022

This study investigated each forest's stand characteristics and the NVOCs emission characteristics for Quercus acuta, Castanopsis sieboldii, Dendropanax trifidus, Camellia Japonica which are major warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved species, and Pinus thunbergii. Data were collected from May 2019 to January 2020. The seasonal temperature and humidity of each research site indicated the typical climatic characteristics of Korea, which are hot and humid in summer and cold and dry in winter. Also, the atmospheric pressure was generally high in winter and higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Overall, the total volume of NVOCs (Natural Volatile Organic Compounds) from the five research sites was the highest in the summer. The concentration of TNVOCs was relatively high in the Dendropanax trifidus forest in spring and winter, the Castanopsis sieboldii forest in the autumn, and the Quercus acuta forest in the summer. According to the results of this study, it was confirmed that the concentrations of NVOCs emission of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved species such as Quercus acuta, Castanopsis sieboldii, Dendropanax trifidus and Camellia Japonica were not lower but rather higher than Pinus thunbergii. The correlation was positive (+) between NVOCs emission and temperature (r=0.590, P=0.000) or humidity (r=0.655, P=0.000), whereas it was negative (-) between NVOCs emission and atmospheric pressure (r=-0.384, P=0.000) or wind speed (r=-0.263, P=0.018). Among the micrometeological factors, humidity (β=0.507, P=0.000) was found to have the greatest effect on NVOC emission, followed by temperature, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

In order to study the distribution characteristics of natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs), we investigated the seasonal variations of $\alpha$-and $\beta$-pinene levels in a pine forest in Florida for a you. The mean concentrations of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-pinene measured during the whole study period were computed to be 125: 86 (N = 65) and 86$\pm$52 pptv (N = 56), respectively. According to our data grouping scheme, the seasonal means for both pinones were observed to peak during fall with their max and min values in summer and winter, respectively. The overall results of our study suggest that terpenes are subject to highly strong temporal variability because of changes in their major source characteristics across seasons.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

As the concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase in recent years, lots of research works are under way to investigate the influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building products on the IAQ. One of the regulations for the IAQ is the level of total VOCs (TVOCs) from building products, assuming that the TVOCs are suspected to cause many health problems such as skin irritation, asthma, and allergy. However, the presence of biogenic VOCs, or natural VOCs (NVOCs) is believed to be beneficial to human health. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate chemical species and the NVOCs compositions of solid lumbers from different wood species. It was found that major VOC components were monoterpenes such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene, $\alpha$-terpinene, $\gamma$-terpinene etc.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

This study examined the emission characteristics and psychological effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wooden boards made of Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa, conifer commonly found in korean forests. Boards made of those species were used to decorate interior of a test room. Different proportions of interior (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% against the entire interior of the room) were decorated. Electroencephalogram and VOCs in the test room were measured 24 hours after interior decorated. As the results, when 40% of interior of the room decorated with both species of boards, the largest amount of alpha wave was detected. For board made of P. densiflora, as the proportion of interior decorated increased both natural VOCs(NVOCs) and anthropogenic VOCs(AVOCs) were increased. on the other hand, When interior decorated with board made of C, obtusa, little differences in VOCs with different area of interior decorated was detected. Board made of P. densiflor emitted a slightly higher amount of AVOCs than boards made of C. obtusa. NVOCs emitted from board made of P. densiflora was three to fifteen times more than NVOCs emitted from board made of C. obtusa.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the components of phytoncide from a pine forest in the southern temperate zone. Recent studies have found that a large amount of phytoncide is released not only from cypress trees but also from pine trees. Because the amount released is the highest during summer, we selected a warm climate region in the southern temperate zone and measured the concentration in the month of August. To capture the phytoncide from the forest atmosphere, we used the adsorption tube method with a mini pump and successfully gathered 9 L of forest air at a flow rate of 150 mL/min. We performed duplicate sampling from two different tubes installed at the same location and derived the mean value. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometer detector with thermal desorption spectroscopy was utilized to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the captured material. The results showed that the average phytoncide particle of the pine forest in the southern temperate zone contained a number of components as follows in descending order: ${\alpha}$-Pinene (39%, $0.28ng/m^3$), followed by ${\beta}$-Pinene (16%, $0.11ng/m^3$), D-Limonene (8%, $0.06ng/m^3$), camphor (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), camphene (6%, $0.04ng/m^3$), and p-Cymene (5%, $0.04ng/m^3$). There were also 13 additional phytoncide components in trace amounts. The results of this study are expected to provide a useful dataset for building a "Healing-forest".