• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.110-113
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• 2001

The lipid classes constituents; hydrocarbons, wax esters, sterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, 1,3-diacylglycerols, 1,2-diacylglycerols, free sterols, 2-monoacylglycerols, 1-monoacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols of Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds oil were investigated by thin layer and gas chromatography. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all lipid classes studied.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.111-114
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• 2011

Construction of the Asian Network for Sustainable Organic Farming Technology (ANSOFT) will be cooperatively administered by the public researchers in 12 Asian member countries from 2010 to 2012. ANSOFT will bring forward multiple reports, which will be constantly renewed by the member countries, regarding environmental issues, plant and landscape protection techniques, regulations and policies of each country's government on an organic agriculture, and natural resources such as organic seeds and biological agents.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2011

Seed germination and dormancy of three green manure seeds such as hairy vetch, crimson clover and narrow-leaved vetch (Vicia angustifolia L.) produced in Milyang, southern part of Korea were investigated to provide a basic information on the stability of seedling establishment in green manure seeds. In addition, the effect of seed storage duration on the germinability of imported hairy vetch and crimson seeds was also investigated. To determine the seed maturity time of three green manure seeds, the seeds were harvested manually at May 25, May 30, and June 4, and the 100-seed weight, germinability and percentage of hard seed were evaluated. Freshly harvested seeds of three green manure crops were strongly dormant because of hard seed coat. Germination percentage of the three green manure crops varied depending on the seed harvest time ranging from 30 - 52% in hairy vetch, 16 - 35% in crimson clover and 2 - 61% in V. angustifolia, respectively. Of the three crops, crimson clover and V. angustifolia matured early on May 30 to June 4 (around 35 to 40 days after flower) but hairy vetch seed did not mature until June 4 based on the seed germinability. The matured seed of crimson clover and V. angustifolia germinated less than 20% while scarification on seed coat significantly overcome the innate dormancy. On the other hand, the seed germination of hairy vetch and crimson clover was lower under dark than in the presence of light. The germination percentage of the imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds showed high with 77 - 79%, 94 - 95%, respectively, but the seed germination significantly declined by 21 - 32%, 30 - 40% after one-year of storage under natural conditions. The seeds germinated only 8 - 13% for hairy vetch but crimson clover did not germinate at all after two years storage. These results indicate V. angustifolia and crimson clover mature at May 30 to June 4 but hairy vetch did not. The imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds should be used within one-year after import for stable seedling establishment in green manure-rice cultivation cropping system.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.164-169
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• 2019

This study was examined that natural seasoning is related to health care and disease prevention through oriental medicinal theory. A typical oriental medicinal theory is the princeple of win-win cooperation between Yin-Yang and Five elements, the old belief is that our body moves in harmony with Yin-Yang and Five elements. From the records traditional books and papers, we would look at the affinity and nutritional relationship between Five taste(Sweet, Salt, Sour, Bitter, Heat and Spicy) and the body with "Sesame" Therefore, several type of Sesame which is represented by natural seasoning, through intake of Five taste because of body affinity, is expected to prolong health life span.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.432-439
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to characterize the seed vigour of sweet (su) and super sweet (sh2) corn seeds stored at different temperatures and relative humidities (RH). Hybrid seeds of Early Sunglow ${\times}$ Golden Cross Bantam 70 (su) and Xtrasweet 82 ${\times}$ Fortune (sh2) were stored at different temperatures ($5\;and\;15^{\circ}C$) and RH(70 and 85%) for 10 months. Results of the experiment show that seed deterioration of super sweet corn was much faster than that of sweet corn under all storage conditions. Germination rate of sweet corn seeds at $25^{\circ}C$ and emergence rate in cold test showed similar patterns. Emergence rate of super sweet corn in cold test was significantly lower than the germination rate at $25^{\circ}C$. Germination rate of both sweet and super sweet corns was positively correlated to the emergence rate in cold test, but the correlation coefficient of super sweet corn was much lower compared to the sweet corn. This implies that the viability of super sweet corn seeds should be tested in the cold test to estimate field emergence rate. Seeds of sweet corn could be stored for 5 months under all storage conditions without significant seed deterioration, while those of super sweet corn should be stored at low temperature and RH. The emergence rate of sweet corn in cold test was not correlated to the leakage of total sugars, electrolytes or ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, while that of super sweet com was positively correlated to the ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, negatively correlated to the leakage of electrolytes, and was not correlated to the leakage of total sugars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2017

This study examined the anti-inflammatory and whitening effects of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp L.) seed extract. Amaranthus spp L. seeds were extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, dichloromethan, ethyl acetate and butanol. For the study of anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds significantly inhibited nitrogen oxide production as well as the protein level of iNOS. Furthermore, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds inhibited expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, PGE2 and the protein level of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Inaddition, the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the Amaranthus spp L. seed 70% ethanol extract and subfractions were also measured to see if these extracts can be used as an ingredient for whitening cosmetics. Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is a rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important in cosmetics and medical products with regards to hyperpigmentation. EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. This activity was more potent than that of a positive control cynandione A. These results suggest that Amaranthus spp L. seeds may be a valuable natural ingredient for the food and cosmetics industries.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2007

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is the causal agent of bacterial pustule of soybean(Glycine max. (L.) Merr), which is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases in Korea. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was applied to detect Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines and to survey on seed contamination in 36 soybean cultivars of Korea. And we have to compare PCR assay with dilution-plating assay of detection and identification. We confirmed detection of pathogen from artificial infected seeds and natural Infected seeds using PCR assay. This assay gave results similar to a seed-wash dilution plating assay and proved more effective than classical methods. Results of survey on seed contamination by X. axonopodis pv. glycines from 36 cultivar seeds showed that the pathogen was detected from Pungsan-namulkong, Mallikong, Taekwangkong, Daemangkong, Ajukkarikong using PCR assay. Therefore, The PCR assay provides a sensitive, rapid tool for the specific detection of X. axonopodis pv. glycines in soybean seeds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.161-161
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• 2017

Seed endophytes are very remarkable groups of bacteria for their unique abilities of being vertically transmitted and conserved. As plants attain hybrid vigor and heterosis in the process of crossbreeding, this might also lead to the changes in the community structure and diversity of plant endophytes in the hybrid plants ultimately affecting the endophytes of the seeds. It would be interesting to characterize how seed endophyte composition change over time. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the influence of natural crossbreeding and parental lineage in the seed bacterial endophytic communities of two pure inbred lines exploring contributions of the two most important sources of plant endophytes - colonization from external sources and vertical transmission via seeds. Total genomic DNA was isolated from rice seeds and bacterial DNA was selectively amplified by PCR. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was studied through Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Diversity between the original parents and the pure inbred line may show significant differences in terms of richness, evenness and diversity indices. Heat maps reveal astonishing contributions of both or either parents (IR29 ${\times}$ Pokkali and AT401 ${\times}$ IR31868) in the shaping of the bacterial seed endophytes of the hybrid, FL478 and IC32, respectively. Most of the T-RFs of the subsequent pure inbred line could be traced to any or both of the parents. Comparison of common and genotype-specific T-RFs of parents and their offspring reveals that majority of the T-RFs are shared suggesting higher transmission of bacterial communities common to both parents. The parents influence the bacterial community of their offspring. Unique T-RFs of the offspring also suggest external sources of colonization particularly as the seeds are cultivated in different ecogeographical locations. This study showed that host parental lines contributed greatly in the shaping of bacterial seed endophytes of their offspring. It also revealed transmission and potential conservation of core seed bacterial endophytes that generally become the dominant microbiota in the succeeding generations of plant hosts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2011

In order to investigate the variations on the ratio of mannose to galactose in the seeds of Phaseolus angularis, 17 local strains (Yangyang, Pyeongchang, Ganghwa, Pocheon, Geumsan, Seocheon, Jincheon, Danyang, Tongyeong, Sancheong, Gumneung, Wolseong, Wando, Gokseong, Okgu, Jangsu, Bukjeju), which are located from $33^{\circ}15'N$ to $38^{\circ}11'N$, were selected according to their latitudes and geographical distances. The seeds of these strains were collected and their contents of mannose and galactose were analyzed. Mannose contents in the seeds were variable, ranging from 17.071 mg/g at its highest (Jangsu) and 6.488 mg/g at its lowest (Geumsan). The contents of galactose also showed remarkable differences, ranging from 9.477 mg/g (Wolseong) to 19.877 mg/g (Jangsu). The local strains were classified into 3 variation types - coastal type I (Wando, Okgu, Bukjeju), the inland type (Jangsu, Weolseong, Danyang, Geumneung, Pyeongchang, Sancheong) and coastal type II (Ganghwa, Seocheon, Tongyeong, Jincheon), as well as 4 strange strains (Gokseong, Yangyang, Pocheon, Geumsan) according to the geographical climatic type and the ratio of mannose to galactose, which indicate the hardness of seeds in Leguminosae and ranged from 0.64 to 1.22. The variation types are very significant genecologically as evidence for microevolution related to natural and artificial selection in cultivated plants.