• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2002

Human activities greatly affect the environment causing its degradation. Urban development and road networks construction cause main impacts on ecosystems and particularly on vegetation cover: road constructions induce complete degradation of the vegetation cover and often leaves a hare land, sometimes without even a soil cover. Reconstitution of vegetation cover is necessary to limit superficial erosion and land slipping on the road, towards a reintegration of the site in the neighbouring landscape. Many approaches have been studied over the last 30 years aiming at this reconstitution of vegetation cover. At frost, the main purpose of land reclamation was to create a new ecosystem. At this time, the environment created was rather a "garden" with a new soil adapted to the plantation of "decorative" species. Then, in early 90′s many studies on the restoration ecology concept rather focused on adapting the vegetation to the existing conditions on the site, as in a side road embankment for example. Nowadays, we notice a large tendency towards the use of such adapted native species instead of industrially produced seeds. In southern France, our team have led research on the potentials of those local species for their use in revegetation processes with hydro-seeding. We therefore developed an approach combining the use of different types of species: Industrially produced, native and wild cultivated species. This method integrates the benefits of using available low costing seeds that are already used on large scale projects with better adapted species, issued form the cultivation of native species and seed production for their use on smaller scale and more costly but more effective results. The use of wild cultivated species seeds was developed in order to limit the cost and reduce harsh natural seed withdrawal in the natural environment In the case of the use of native species. Besides, the use of such seeds allowed a larger geographical scale of use than with local native seeds. In addition, our team began two years ago a research project in Lebanon aiming at the Introduction and development of the revegetation techniques in Lebanon. In fact, this country bared since 20 years the consequences of urban pressure on its environment especially by the development of quarries and road networks. Therefore, pioneer work is necessary to aim at the adaptation of these techniques to the local environment.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

The present study was undertaken in investigate the response to salinity and effect of plant growth regulators and proline under salinity stress on the germination and seedling growth of Vigna angularis. The protective effect of external Ca2+ on root elongation under saline conditions was also investigated. The seed germination of Vigna angularis decreased with an increase in salinity. The growth regulators GA3 was more effective than kinetin. At a higher salinity, low concentrations of kinetin and high concentrations of GA3 were more effective. The external application of proline and betaine improved germination under saline conditions. At a low salinity proline and betaine alleviated the salinity-induced inhibition of germination, yet at higher NaCl concentrations, proline and betaine were both ineffective. Exposure to salinity during germination was accompanied by an increase in the proline content, thereby suggesting that one compatible solute in the germinating seed would seem to be proline. The inhibition of germination by high NaCl concentrations was relatively more severe in scarified seeds than in intact seeds, indicating that the seed coat acts as a partial barrier to an Na2+ ameliorated the adverse effect of salinity stress.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

1. The appearance of fisheries animals and plants of investigation areas were fishes, 20 species; algae, 9 species; molluska, 6 species; arthropod, 12 species; echinoderm, 5 species by confirmed appearance species. 2. The C.P.U.E by trap(1pcs of trap) were 3.95 species and weight of 2,098g, mainly catching species are greenling and jacopever(94.16%). The C.P.U.E by long liner(long liner 1coil, 100pcs) were 11.7species and weight of 6,418g, It occupied jacopever(35.63%) greenling(20.78%), bastard halibut(20.31%). The C.P.U.E of appearance species gill net(ipcs of gill net) were 5.05species and weight of 3,050g, It occupied jacopever(39.63%) greenling(29.83%), bastard halibut(17.47%). 3. The results of comparative analysis and natural species and stocked species, in case of bastard halibut, jacopever species were occupied species(83.33~92%), weight(86.86~96%). The stocked species were occupied species of 8.00~16.67%, weight of 4.00~13.14%. Provided the stocked projets were enacted effectively in future. The density of dwelling of stocked species were increase. Also, it will be contribute to the increase of fishermens income.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1991

Berchemia berchemiaefolia is a native a native rare plant which has been designating as the Natural Monument, No. 266, since 1980. The floristic composition, population structure and maintenance mechanism of the Berchemia berchemiaefolia forest were investigated in conjunction with the habitat consisted of the block field or screes. Through the present study, the authors found a new habitat of Berchemia berchemiaefolia in the northeastern slope on Mt. Kumdansan located at Hajeok-ri, Cheongcheon-myeon, Koesan-gun, chungbuk province. Gravels consisted of the block field belonged to granule, pebble and cobble as the range of grain size, $\Phi$=-1.5~6.6 values. The tree layer of Berchemia berchemiaefolia community was mainly composed of Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Q. serrata including Berchemia berchemiaefolia and of this community were similar to that of Q. variabilis. By the age distribution, it was considered that the community was a discontinued one as the pattern of distribution was a normal distribution type(N type). Phenological cycle including leafing, blooming and seed-bearing period between both sites of block field and valley or close canopy showed some differences. The seed production of Berchemia berchemiaefolia was 8, 655, 000 seeds/ha/year, but only 406, 000 seeds/ha/year of them were developed as saplings, and only 4 saplings were developed to mature trees.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2010

We studied the antimicrobial activities of five compounds isolated from the stems of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat and the seeds of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. Based on spectroscopic evidence, compounds 1 to 5 were characterized as resveratrol, $\varepsilon$-viniferin, ampelopsin E, apigenin, and luteolin, respectively. The antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and -negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and a fungus (Candida albicans) were investigated using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. C. albicans was not inhibited by the five compounds. Compounds 2 and 5 had significant anti-microbial activity against S. aureus, and the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of compound 2 against S. aureus was 7.2 ${\mu}M$. Compounds 4 and 5 significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 2 and 5 was 0.07 and 2.0 ${\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 had strong anti-microbial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Natural colorant extracts were obtained by extraction from tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea using water, methanol, ethanol and acetone as extractants at room temperature for 3 hours under shaking condition(180rpm) with liquor ratio(solid:solvent; 1:100). The main pigment components of tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea are known to be curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. The effects of the kind of extractant and pH on the color characteristics of natural colorant extracts were investigated. The solubility parameters of pigment components were determined to find adequate extractant. The solubility parameters of curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be 27.85, 29.40, 19.48 and $37.97(J/cm^3)^{1/2}$. As expected, solvents that have a solubility parameter similar to that of pigment component were generally found to be effective to obtain pigment extracts having high visible absorbance(A). The extract(pigment/solvent) with high visible absorbance was generally found to have low $L^*$(lightness) and high Chroma($C^*$, purity).

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

To develop a natural re-seeding technology, the optimum soil incorporation time of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) plant residues, seed persistence in soil, biomass production and subsequent rice yield were determined from 2005 to 2007 in rice with CMV green manure in southern Korea. Generally, insufficient seedling stand was regenerated with CMV incorporation to the soil at 20 and 25 days after flowering(DAF), while high regeneration of greater than 400 seedlings per $m^2$ was observed at 35 and 40 DAF. High re-seeding stand of CMV incorporated at 35 DAF or later was related with high seed viability and heavy seed weight. Appreciable number of CMV seeds remained 4 month after burial in soil and a good number of CMV seedlings regenerated from this seed bank at rice harvest time in the fall. Based on the relationships among re-seeding number of CMV plants, seed weight and seed viability, CMV plants should be incorporated into the soil 35 DAF(May 30) or later when CMV seeds were sufficiently matured. The natural re-seeding stand for the 3-year trials was stable ranging from 437 to 700 plants per $m^2$ and the biomass production was sufficient to supply nitrogen for rice growth. The use of re-seeding CMV plant can produce similar rice yield like that of rice without CMV green manure.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

Soil seed banks as natural storage of plant seeds play an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of watershed. Natural regeneration potential of the soil seed bank of Land use types (LUTs) in Ogun River watershed (ORW) was investigated. ORW was stratified using proportionate sampling technique into Guinea Savannah (GS), Rainforest (RF) and Swamp Forest (SF) Ecological Zones (EZs). Three LUTs: Natural Forest (NF), Disturbed Forest (DF) and Farmland (FL) were purposively selected in GS: GSNF, GSDF, GSFL; RF: RFNF, RFDF, RFFL and SF: SFNF, SFDF, SFFL, respectively. Systematic line transects was used in the laying of the sample plots. Sample plots of 25 m×25 m were established in alternate positions. Ten 1 m×1 m quadrats were randomly laid for soil core sampling from previously randomly selected ten plots. The core samples (10) were pooled per plot in each LUT and placed in individual trays. Ten trays with sterilized soil were used as control. The trays were watered regularly and checked for seedlings emergence fortnightly for 18 months. The experimental design used was 3×3 factorial experiments. ANOVA, Diversity index (H') and Similarity index (SI) were used to analyze the data. There was significant difference in seedling emergence among ecological zones and land use types (p<0.05). A total of 4,400 seedlings emerged from the soil samples. All species were distributed among 32 families. FL in the RF had the highest number of germinated seeds (705±37.33 seedlings) followed by DF in the RF (701±49.6 seedlings). The lowest emergence was in NF of the SF (199±28.41 seedlings). DF in the RF had highest number of species (34) distributed among 22 families. Emergence from soil seed bank of NF in ORW was generally with more of tree species than herbs that were predominant in FL and DF.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

Sesame seed are one of the oldest oil-bearing crops known to man. Not only are they nutritious, they are physicologically beneficial. Because of these properties, the promotion of sesame as a crop is set to increase from now on. The lignan component of sesame, which has an antioxidative function, varies considerably. In addition, the seeds remain viable for longer than other crops. At low temperature, it has been reported that the seed remain viable for up to thirty years. This is due to the lignan content of the seeds. In the last twenty years, the mysteries of the natural chemistry of sesame seeds have been unravelled one by one. Up to now, the lignan component has been found to have an $\alpha$-tocopherol synergist effect, an anti-aging effect, a cancer suppressing effect, a hypertension reduction effect, an effect on the promotion of liver function, an effect on the control of the ration of unsaturated fat, and an effect on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The lignan component of sesame does not simply have an anti-oxidant function, but has diverse recently discovered physiological uses which make the study of lignan highly rewarding.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

Butea monosperma Kuntze, commonly known as 'Palash', is employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and almost every part of the plant has diversified medicinal properties. The seeds are used as anthelmintic, aperient, digesti and to treat piles, skin diseases and abdominal troubles. They also have the property of reducing 'Kapha' and 'Vata' (in Ayurveda). In the present paper a detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of seeds has been undertaken. The study includes macro- and micro-scopical details, fluorescence powder study and HPTLC fingerprinting. The seed is characterized by finely ridged seed coat and palisade-like malpighian cells, discontinuous transparent linea lucida in upper half of malpighian layer and simple & oblong hilum. The study also concludes that the seed samples procured from different places have similar morphological and physico-chemical characteristics. These observations are also supported by similar TLC profiles. The estimation of heavy metals (to detect permissible toxic limits), and fatty acid composition have been carried out. An attempt has also been made to see the ecological and edaphic variations, if any.