• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.195-208
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• 2008

This paper summarizes the experimental vibration-based structural health monitoring study on a historical monument in Jordan. In this work, and within the framework of the European Commission funded project "wide-Range Non-Intrusive Devices Toward Conservation of Historical Monuments in the Mediterranean Area", a seven and a half century old minaret located in Ajloun (73 km north of the capital Amman) is studied. Because of their cultural value, touristic importance and the desire to preserve them for the future, only non-destructive tests were allowed for the experimental investigation of such heritage structures. Therefore, after dimensional measurements and determination of the current state of damage in the selected monument, ambient vibration tests are conducted to measure the accelerations at strategic locations of the system. Output-only modal identification technique is applied to extract the modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A Non-linear version of SAP 2000 computer program is used to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of the minaret. The developed numerical model is then updated according to the modal parameters obtained experimentally by the ambient-vibration test-results and the measured characteristics of old stone and deteriorated mortar. Moreover, a parametric identification method using the N4Sid state space model is employed to model the dynamic behavior of the minaret and to build up a robust, immune and noise tolerant model.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.578-585
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• 2017

This study was intended to analyze the visitors' awareness of the cultural asset value of Marsh Plants of Daesong-ri, Haman (Natural Monument 346) as well as the requirement for use and management of the only marsh designated as a National Monument in order to provide the implication for future management. The result of the analysis showed that the public awareness and the awareness level of the natural monuments were low and that the motivations for visiting were the experience and education of nature, rest and leisure, and experience of the cultural heritage, in that order. The analysis of motivation for visiting according to the awareness level showed that the group with a high awareness level of the Marsh Plants or the group that thought highly of its cultural asset value tended to visit it more for the experience of nature or the experience of the cultural heritage than for simple resting. For usage, the visitors required the basic amenities such as guide board and the more active promotion. They also preferred the discovery of traditional resources using the marsh plants and the experience of nature. Both local residents and outside visitors pointed out the lack of systematic management policy and lack of communication with local residents as the main problems. They recognized that the policy that balanced the preservation and usage through the cooperation of various stakeholder including local residents must be established and applied in the field to ensure proper management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.63-67
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.46-48
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• 2008

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 1996

Ondal cave is the limestone and the cultural asset cave designated as Natural monument NO. 261. Originally after the caves included in cultural assets separately survey the academic, cultural value of the cave, the result must be the academic basis of the cave.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.233-234
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• 2012

천연기념물로 지정된 식물 중 사찰에 분포하는 것의 종교적 상징성과 일반 사찰의 식물과 비교해 본 결과 불교와 관련된 상징성은 크지 않으며, 일반 사찰의 식물과도 상관성은 크지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

In this study, based on a natural monument forest research by Camellia japonica L. Forest appointed as a natural monument located environment and growth environment and the soil environment, Camellia japonica L. Forest soil in order to analyze effects of soil in Camellia japonica L. Forest correlation analysis the results can be summarized as follows: First, a natural monument Camellia japonica L. forest located on the foot of a mountain valley or within the stream, a lot of sunshine southeast, east, and south in the direction of the share due to external factors, making it a good, but, $15{\sim}30^{\circ}$ of distributed in the soil slopes in the slope there is a risk of loss are appearing. Second, the growth of the Status of Camellia japonica L. forest represents the distribution of the uneven-aged forest diameter class. but increases the density of the upper forest trees Camellia japonica L. occurred in lower saplings do not have growth. The width of crown diameter class caused a narrow oppressed tree, the average tree height in the 8.09m, camellia in common was lower than that of tree height, variation diameter class in the width of crown distribution severe low correlations were analyzed. Third, the natural monument Camellia japonica L. forest soil composition, properties of soil pH, etc. 10 entries were analyzed components of the soil. In summary analysis properties of soil, soil pH, calcium, organic matter, magnesium was good and potassium content was insufficient, nitrogen and phosphorus were excess. Fourth, the growth condition of Camellia japonica L. forest and soil physicochemical properties, the results of the correlation analysis. magnesium, calcium, nitrogen affects the growth of Camellia japonica L. forest. Other seven kinds of items showed no effect on growth. Current Status and Future Growth of Camellia japonica L. forest soil and soil environments as well as the relationship between, Camellia Forest Factors affecting the growth of the state in terms of long-term ecological research and conservation status of settled Camellia japonica L. forest research for building materials there will be continued.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.440-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to provide essential data and relevant management proposal to conserve and maintain big and old trees in a rational way. For the field survey, 77 big and old trees preserved by the laws in Chollabuk-do, Korea were investigated. The study results are summarized as follows : 1. To conserve and manage big and old trees, the valuable trees have been designated as natural monument trees and protection-needed trees. There are 141 individuals of 37 species designated as natural monuments and 10,049 individuals of 102 species designated as protection-needed trees. 2. Management budget for natural monument trees was devoted at 70% from the national expenditure, but that for protection-needed trees was devoted at 98% from the local expenditure. 3. Standardized sign boards and sign stones for natural monument trees were well placed and other protection facilities such as fences, branch supports and branch holdings were established. On the other hand, management of protection-needed trees was deficient overall. 4. Problems for designation process and management of protection-needed trees could include items such as insufficient management budget, various development activities, land ownership, misjudgement of tree age and species identification, unsatisfaction of sign board placement, insufficient surgery for damaged trees, pavement around tree root system and environmental pollution around the trees. 5. In order to improve the existing management methods of big and old trees, the following schemes were suggested : the development of practical criteria for natural monument and protection-needed trees, nationwide surveys of big and old tree resources, the security of national budget, securing sufficient spaces for the tree growth, specialization of management systems, extended practices of tree form management, establishment of permanent standard signs and consideration of opinions of village residents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.29-38
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• 2004

This study validated the effect of Vaseline and the vegetable hormone-added medicine that can influence the formation of new calluses on the injured part, with the subjects of natural monument trees and large old trees. The medicines can help in the treatment of the pored or injured parts and promote the formation of new callus on natural monument trees and large old trees, which can help vigorous growth activities and prevent any secondary infection by pathogens at the same time. It turned out that the Vaseline that is used for the protection of cambiums after surgical operations on the trees did not have any significant effect on the formation of calluses. However, since it was found that new calluses formed rapidly when applying the medicine using a vegetable hormone, the medicine is highly recommended for use. If further studies should determine proper medicines for the trees according to the kinds of trees and if the medicine is applied in proper concentrations to the injured part for rapid formation of calluses on the trees when the trees undergo surgical operations, it then should be helpful in preventing the sound part(s) of the trees from decay caused by secondary infection and treatment of the injured part.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.67
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• pp.53-63
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• 2005

This study is basic research to present the activation of cave tourism. So first of all for establishing of this study, we examined the distribution characteristics of natural caves and monument caves. The results of this study are as follows; First, monument caves concentrate upon Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Second, open caves concentrate upon Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Third, typical linkage characteristics of tourism resources surrounding open caves are very high in natural tourism resources. Fourth, It is necessary to develop tourism route though the linkage with other tourism resources. But this study have been partial and fragmentary. in order to increase the number of tourists, we should make them curious about the specific region by presenting the unique characteristics of the region, for example its cultural, social, recreational etc. in other words, in order to attract the tourists open caves should differentiate from other open caves.