• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

Livestock farmers are using animal carcasses to dispose of the carcasses of livestock that have died of natural causes or disease. Most of the existing livestock carcass processors are mechanical in their structure without considering the environment. It has a function of sterilizing dead bodies at high pressure after processing them and causes environmental problems such as carbon monoxide emissions. If livestock carcasses occur, livestock farmers have to purchase their own livestock carcasses or entrust them to the outside world, which is costly. For this reason, the possibility of environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and spread has been increased recently by frequent dumping of dead bodies. The carcass of livestock mixed with manure not only serves as a medium for infectious diseases but also needsto be buried on a large scale as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spread. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution, such as contamination of groundwater, is increasing, so research is needed to protect and improve the environment. We aim to improve the process of processing livestock carcasses and purify the agricultural environment through development results on the form, structure and function of eco-friendly livestock carcasses. Its shape is applied with naturalshapessuch asstones and seeds. The material used in the dead body processis a brown beggar biocouple and is applied with an eco-friendly industrial animal recycling process. As a result of the study, it is expected to improve odors and the environment, and to be used as data to improve and help the livestock industry in the future.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2020

A new chromone analogue (1) was isolated from an EtOAc-extract of Pleosporales sp. culture medium, together with five known chromones (2 - 6). The isolation workflow was guided by a Molecular Networking-based dereplication strategy. The chemical structure of the new compound was elucidated using NMR and MS spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was established by the Mosher's method. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitirc oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 1 showed marginal inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 118.7 μM.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2022

Heavy metal pollution is caused due to anthropogenic activities and is considered as a serious environmental problem which endangers human health and environment. The present study deals with biosorption, an eco-friendly technique for the removal of heavy metal Zn(II) from aqueous medium. Various natural materials have been explored for the uptake of metal ions, where most of them are physically or chemically enhanced. Dry cowdung powder (DCP) has been utilized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly humiresin without any pre-treatment, thus demonstrating the concept of Green Chemistry. Batch biosorption studies using ⁶⁵Zn(II) tracer were performed and the impact of different experimental parameters was studied. Results revealed that at pH 6, 94 ± 2% of Zn(II) was effectively biosorbed in 5 min, at 303 K. The process was spontaneous and exothermic, following pseudo-second-order reaction. The mechanism of heavy metal biosorption employing green adsorbent was therefore elucidated in order to determine the optimal method for removing Zn(II) ions. DCP has a lot of potential in the wastewater treatment industry, as seen by its ability to meet 3A's affordability, adaptability, and acceptability criteria. As a result, DCP emerges as one of the most promising challengers for green chemistry and the zero-waste idea.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, we applied ENERWATER to evaluate the energy consumption labeling of wastewater treatment plants in Korea using the Korea sewerage statistics data. The results showed that the energy label status was excellent in the SBR process for small and medium-scale wastewater treatment plants and the A2O process for large-scale wastewater treatment plants. The energy labeling of wastewater treatment plants of 50,000 tons capacity was excellent. The statuses of metropolitan cities and Jeollanam-do province were excellent. We analyzed the effects of renewable energy on wastewater treatment plants' energy consumption and found out that digestion gas for large-scale plants and photovoltaic energy for small-scale plants were effective in improving energy labeling. In addition, we compared the energy labels of four wastewater treatment plants in "Z" city and wastewater treatment plant "X" had the best energy label, and the wastewater treatment plants "V" and "Y" had to be selected as priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project. In a comprehensive conclusion, the applicability of ENERWATER was confirmed based on sewage statistics data and labeling can be used to set priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.3868-3888
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• 2022

A widely used social networking service like Twitter has the ability to disseminate information to large groups of people even during a pandemic. At the same time, it is a convenient medium to share irrelevant and unverified information online and poses a potential threat to society. In this research, conventional machine learning algorithms are analyzed to classify the data as either non-rumor data or rumor data. Machine learning techniques have limited tuning capability and make decisions based on their learning. To tackle this problem the authors propose a deep learning-based Rumor Detection Neural Network model to predict the rumor tweet in real-world events. This model comprises three layers, AttCNN layer is used to extract local and position invariant features from the data, AttBi-LSTM layer to extract important semantic or contextual information and HPOOL to combine the down sampling patches of the input feature maps from the average and maximum pooling layers. A dataset from Kaggle and ground dataset #gaja are used to train the proposed Rumor Detection Neural Network to determine the veracity of the rumor. The experimental results of the RDNN Classifier demonstrate an accuracy of 93.24% and 95.41% in identifying rumor tweets in real-time events.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1997

Variations in adriamycin uptake and cytotoxicity were studied in tumor cells that were grown in different growth states and microenvironments. RIF-1 tumor cells were maintained in an RPMI 1640 medium, and grown in either a monolayer or multicell spheroids. For exponentially growing cells, adriamycin cytotoxicity increased with increased dosage up to 2.5 $\mu$g/ml, and this cytotoxicity was reduced when the cells were grown in a plateau phase or in an acidic microenvironment (pH 6.6). This reduced cytotoxicity was correlated with the uptake of the drug. For multicell spheroids, the cytotoxicity of the drug was reduced dramatically, and this reduction was also correlated with a reduced uptake of the drug and an acidic pH inside of the spheroids. When the drug cytotoxicity was evaluated at different locations within the spheroids, the cells in the inner regions were least affected by the drug, suggesting that both an acidic microenvironment and noncycling plateau phase cells are contributing factors in decreasing the efficacy of the drug in an organized tissue, such as multicell spheroids.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1984

Experiments were performed for freezing of an initially superheated or nonsuperheated liquid phase in a cooled vertical tube. The liquid was placed in a copper tube whose surface maintained a uniform temperature during the data run and the freezing occurred in a copper tube. The phase change medium was n-odtadecane, a paraffin which freezes at about $61^{\circ}C$. Measurements were made which yielded information about the time dependence of the freezing front, of the amount of frozen mass, and of the various energy components extracted from the tube. The time-wise decay of the initial liquid superheat was also measured. Initial superheat of the liquid tends to moderately diminish the rozen mass and associated latent energy extraction at small times but has lit tie effect on these quantities at large tiems. Natural convection in the liquid Plays a modest role only at small times and disappears when the superheat decay to zero. Although the latent energy constitutes the largest contributor to the total extracted energy, the sensible energy components can make a significant contribution, especially at large tube wall subcoolings, large initial liquid superheating and short freezing time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.451-454
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• 2023

Landslides are one of the natural disasters that cause a lot of financial and human losses every year It will be all over the world. China, especially. The Mainland China can be divided into 12 zones, including 4 high susceptibility zones, 7 medium susceptibility zones and 1 low susceptibility zone, according to landslide proneness. Climate and physiography are always at risk of landslides. The purpose of this research is to prepare a landslide hazard map using the Hierarchical Analysis Process method. In the GIS environment, it is in a part of China watershed. In order to prepare a landslide hazard map, first with Field studies, a distribution map of landslides in the area and then a map of factors affecting landslides were prepared. In the next stage, the factors are prioritized using expert opinion and hierarchical analysis process and nine factors including height, slope, slope direction, geological units, land use, distance from Waterway, distance from the road, distance from the fault and rainfall map were selected as effective factors. Then Landslide risk zoning in the region was done using the hierarchical analysis process model. The results showed that the three factors of geological units, distance from the road and slope are the most important have had an effect on the occurrence of landslides in the region, while the two factors of fault and rainfall have the least effect The landslide occurred in the region.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic increased awareness regarding the importance of hand hygiene in infection prevention. Although social distancing and vaccination are the strongest ways to prevent infection, personal hand hygiene is the most basic and easiest way to maintain public health. However, in addition to hand washing using running water, sanitizing tissues, and disinfection products are convenient for hand hygiene, especially outdoors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the appropriateness of individual hand hygiene methods. In this study, we investigated the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products and hand drying methods for maintaining hand hygiene. Methods: An LED UV light kit was used for fluorescent observation of hand contamination. Bacteria from the hands were cultured to compare the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products. Bacteria were cultured in a hand-shaped medium dish to identify areas vulnerable to hand hygiene. Moreover, the degree of hand hygiene was observed according to the drying method using bacterial cultures. Results: We confirmed that hand washing under running water with antibacterial soap, sanitizing with alcohol gel disinfectant, and wiping with antibacterial wet wipes was effective for hand hygiene compared to washing under running water alone. However, for all hygiene products, a large number of bacteria were detected on the fingertips. We verified that natural drying, rather than rubbing, is effective in maintaining hand hygiene. Conclusion: These results suggest that hand hygiene products and drying methods are critical in hand hygiene management. Therefore, these results provide a basis for determining whether an individual's hand hygiene management method is appropriate.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.247-266
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• 2017

동충하초(Cordyceps)는 B.C. 2,000년 이후로부터 지금까지 중국, 한국, 일본 등 아시아 국가에서 잘 알려진 전통적인 불로장생의 비약으로 사용되어져 왔다. 곤충기생 곰팡이균으로서 원조 동충하초로 불리는 Cordyceps속에 속하는 Cordyceps sinensis는 우리나라 한반도에서는 발견되지 않고 있다. 그 이유는 해당 곰팡이균에 특정적인 기주곤충인 박쥐나방(Hepialus armonicanus)이 우리나라에는 존재하지 않기 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 차선책으로서 한국형의 동충하초, 즉 Paecilomyces tenuipes 동충하초균에 대한 곤충생체배지로서 누에(Silkworm, Bombyx mori)를 기주곤충으로 사용하는 누에동충하초의 인공적인 생산방법을 세계 최초로 개발하게 된 것이다. 따라서 본 총설은 누에동충하초를 개발하게 된 역사적 배경과 생산방법 및 약리학적 효능과, 비곤충유래 동충하초인 인공배지 배양동충하초(밀리타리스동충하초: Cordyceps militaris, 붉은자루동충하초: Cordyceps pruinosa 등)의 배양조건과 동충하초 품종육성, 배지배양조건, 동충하초의 식품에의 응용 가능성, 화학적 구성성분 및 약리적 효능 등에 대해 고찰하였다. 곤충유래의 누에동충하초 및 비곤충유래동충하초균사체 및 자실체동충하초의 주요 약리작용은 항종양, 면역증강, 항피로, 항스트레스, 항산화, 항노화, 항당뇨, 항염증, 항혈전, 항지질 및 해충방제 효능으로 요약된다. 동충하초의 주요 생리활성물질들은 단백다당체(헥소스, 헥소사민), 코디세핀, 만니톨, 산성다당체 등이다. 단백다당체와 부타놀 추출물은 매우 강한 항종양 효과를 보이나 세포독성은 나타내지 않았다. 만니톨은 종양유발쥐의 수명을 유의성 있게 연장하였다. 에르고스테롤은 항종양 활성은 보이지 않았으나 왕성한 식세포활성을 보였다. 따라서 우리가 높은 관심을 가지고 있는 누에동충하초의 항종양 활성은 세포독성효과보다는 면역력증강효과에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다[164].