• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

Livestock farmers are using animal carcasses to dispose of the carcasses of livestock that have died of natural causes or disease. Most of the existing livestock carcass processors are mechanical in their structure without considering the environment. It has a function of sterilizing dead bodies at high pressure after processing them and causes environmental problems such as carbon monoxide emissions. If livestock carcasses occur, livestock farmers have to purchase their own livestock carcasses or entrust them to the outside world, which is costly. For this reason, the possibility of environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and spread has been increased recently by frequent dumping of dead bodies. The carcass of livestock mixed with manure not only serves as a medium for infectious diseases but also needsto be buried on a large scale as foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza spread. As a result, the possibility of environmental pollution, such as contamination of groundwater, is increasing, so research is needed to protect and improve the environment. We aim to improve the process of processing livestock carcasses and purify the agricultural environment through development results on the form, structure and function of eco-friendly livestock carcasses. Its shape is applied with naturalshapessuch asstones and seeds. The material used in the dead body processis a brown beggar biocouple and is applied with an eco-friendly industrial animal recycling process. As a result of the study, it is expected to improve odors and the environment, and to be used as data to improve and help the livestock industry in the future.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.340-344
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• 2020

A new chromone analogue (1) was isolated from an EtOAc-extract of Pleosporales sp. culture medium, together with five known chromones (2 - 6). The isolation workflow was guided by a Molecular Networking-based dereplication strategy. The chemical structure of the new compound was elucidated using NMR and MS spectroscopy, and the absolute configuration was established by the Mosher's method. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitirc oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 1 showed marginal inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 118.7 μM.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.456-461
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• 2022

Heavy metal pollution is caused due to anthropogenic activities and is considered as a serious environmental problem which endangers human health and environment. The present study deals with biosorption, an eco-friendly technique for the removal of heavy metal Zn(II) from aqueous medium. Various natural materials have been explored for the uptake of metal ions, where most of them are physically or chemically enhanced. Dry cowdung powder (DCP) has been utilized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly humiresin without any pre-treatment, thus demonstrating the concept of Green Chemistry. Batch biosorption studies using ⁶⁵Zn(II) tracer were performed and the impact of different experimental parameters was studied. Results revealed that at pH 6, 94 ± 2% of Zn(II) was effectively biosorbed in 5 min, at 303 K. The process was spontaneous and exothermic, following pseudo-second-order reaction. The mechanism of heavy metal biosorption employing green adsorbent was therefore elucidated in order to determine the optimal method for removing Zn(II) ions. DCP has a lot of potential in the wastewater treatment industry, as seen by its ability to meet 3A's affordability, adaptability, and acceptability criteria. As a result, DCP emerges as one of the most promising challengers for green chemistry and the zero-waste idea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, we applied ENERWATER to evaluate the energy consumption labeling of wastewater treatment plants in Korea using the Korea sewerage statistics data. The results showed that the energy label status was excellent in the SBR process for small and medium-scale wastewater treatment plants and the A2O process for large-scale wastewater treatment plants. The energy labeling of wastewater treatment plants of 50,000 tons capacity was excellent. The statuses of metropolitan cities and Jeollanam-do province were excellent. We analyzed the effects of renewable energy on wastewater treatment plants' energy consumption and found out that digestion gas for large-scale plants and photovoltaic energy for small-scale plants were effective in improving energy labeling. In addition, we compared the energy labels of four wastewater treatment plants in "Z" city and wastewater treatment plant "X" had the best energy label, and the wastewater treatment plants "V" and "Y" had to be selected as priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project. In a comprehensive conclusion, the applicability of ENERWATER was confirmed based on sewage statistics data and labeling can be used to set priorities for the energy diagnosis and improvement project.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.3868-3888
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• 2022

A widely used social networking service like Twitter has the ability to disseminate information to large groups of people even during a pandemic. At the same time, it is a convenient medium to share irrelevant and unverified information online and poses a potential threat to society. In this research, conventional machine learning algorithms are analyzed to classify the data as either non-rumor data or rumor data. Machine learning techniques have limited tuning capability and make decisions based on their learning. To tackle this problem the authors propose a deep learning-based Rumor Detection Neural Network model to predict the rumor tweet in real-world events. This model comprises three layers, AttCNN layer is used to extract local and position invariant features from the data, AttBi-LSTM layer to extract important semantic or contextual information and HPOOL to combine the down sampling patches of the input feature maps from the average and maximum pooling layers. A dataset from Kaggle and ground dataset #gaja are used to train the proposed Rumor Detection Neural Network to determine the veracity of the rumor. The experimental results of the RDNN Classifier demonstrate an accuracy of 93.24% and 95.41% in identifying rumor tweets in real-time events.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1997

Variations in adriamycin uptake and cytotoxicity were studied in tumor cells that were grown in different growth states and microenvironments. RIF-1 tumor cells were maintained in an RPMI 1640 medium, and grown in either a monolayer or multicell spheroids. For exponentially growing cells, adriamycin cytotoxicity increased with increased dosage up to 2.5 $\mu$g/ml, and this cytotoxicity was reduced when the cells were grown in a plateau phase or in an acidic microenvironment (pH 6.6). This reduced cytotoxicity was correlated with the uptake of the drug. For multicell spheroids, the cytotoxicity of the drug was reduced dramatically, and this reduction was also correlated with a reduced uptake of the drug and an acidic pH inside of the spheroids. When the drug cytotoxicity was evaluated at different locations within the spheroids, the cells in the inner regions were least affected by the drug, suggesting that both an acidic microenvironment and noncycling plateau phase cells are contributing factors in decreasing the efficacy of the drug in an organized tissue, such as multicell spheroids.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 1984

Experiments were performed for freezing of an initially superheated or nonsuperheated liquid phase in a cooled vertical tube. The liquid was placed in a copper tube whose surface maintained a uniform temperature during the data run and the freezing occurred in a copper tube. The phase change medium was n-odtadecane, a paraffin which freezes at about $61^{\circ}C$. Measurements were made which yielded information about the time dependence of the freezing front, of the amount of frozen mass, and of the various energy components extracted from the tube. The time-wise decay of the initial liquid superheat was also measured. Initial superheat of the liquid tends to moderately diminish the rozen mass and associated latent energy extraction at small times but has lit tie effect on these quantities at large tiems. Natural convection in the liquid Plays a modest role only at small times and disappears when the superheat decay to zero. Although the latent energy constitutes the largest contributor to the total extracted energy, the sensible energy components can make a significant contribution, especially at large tube wall subcoolings, large initial liquid superheating and short freezing time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.451-454
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• 2023

Landslides are one of the natural disasters that cause a lot of financial and human losses every year It will be all over the world. China, especially. The Mainland China can be divided into 12 zones, including 4 high susceptibility zones, 7 medium susceptibility zones and 1 low susceptibility zone, according to landslide proneness. Climate and physiography are always at risk of landslides. The purpose of this research is to prepare a landslide hazard map using the Hierarchical Analysis Process method. In the GIS environment, it is in a part of China watershed. In order to prepare a landslide hazard map, first with Field studies, a distribution map of landslides in the area and then a map of factors affecting landslides were prepared. In the next stage, the factors are prioritized using expert opinion and hierarchical analysis process and nine factors including height, slope, slope direction, geological units, land use, distance from Waterway, distance from the road, distance from the fault and rainfall map were selected as effective factors. Then Landslide risk zoning in the region was done using the hierarchical analysis process model. The results showed that the three factors of geological units, distance from the road and slope are the most important have had an effect on the occurrence of landslides in the region, while the two factors of fault and rainfall have the least effect The landslide occurred in the region.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic increased awareness regarding the importance of hand hygiene in infection prevention. Although social distancing and vaccination are the strongest ways to prevent infection, personal hand hygiene is the most basic and easiest way to maintain public health. However, in addition to hand washing using running water, sanitizing tissues, and disinfection products are convenient for hand hygiene, especially outdoors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the appropriateness of individual hand hygiene methods. In this study, we investigated the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products and hand drying methods for maintaining hand hygiene. Methods: An LED UV light kit was used for fluorescent observation of hand contamination. Bacteria from the hands were cultured to compare the degree of hand hygiene offered by various hygiene products. Bacteria were cultured in a hand-shaped medium dish to identify areas vulnerable to hand hygiene. Moreover, the degree of hand hygiene was observed according to the drying method using bacterial cultures. Results: We confirmed that hand washing under running water with antibacterial soap, sanitizing with alcohol gel disinfectant, and wiping with antibacterial wet wipes was effective for hand hygiene compared to washing under running water alone. However, for all hygiene products, a large number of bacteria were detected on the fingertips. We verified that natural drying, rather than rubbing, is effective in maintaining hand hygiene. Conclusion: These results suggest that hand hygiene products and drying methods are critical in hand hygiene management. Therefore, these results provide a basis for determining whether an individual's hand hygiene management method is appropriate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.247-266
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• 2017

Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb well-known in China, Korea and Japan since B.C. 2,000. The original entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sinensis belonging to the genus Cordyceps could not be found inside Korean peninsula due to the absence of the host insect for the corresponding entomogenous fungus. The development of artificial production methods of Korean type Cordyceps using the silkworm Bombyx mori as in vivo culture medium for the the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes is the first, and wonderful occasion in the research history of insect industry of this global world. The aim of this article is to review the historical research background, mass-production methods, and pharmacological effects of the silkworm-dongchunghacho (Paecilomyces tenuipes) which is a newly developed Korean medicinal insect-borne mushroom, and another non-insect-borne medicinal mushroom (Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps pruinosa). Their biological actions include anti-tumor, immunostimulating, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis, hypolipidaemic and insecticidal effects. The bioactive principles are protein-bound polysaccharides (hexose, hexosamin), cordycepin, D-manitol, acidic polysaccharide etc. Protein-bound polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions were demonstrated to show a significant anti-tumor activities but did not show a cytotoxicities. D-mannitol exhibited a significant prolongation of the life span in tumor bearing mice. Ergosterol did not show an efficient anti-tumor activity, but showed a significant phagocytosis enhancing activity. Anti-tumor activity of silkworm-dongchunghacho might be attributed to immuno-stimulating activities rather than cytotoxic effects [164]. Also this review comprises the breeding of Dongchunghacho varieties, optimization of culture conditions, improvement of learning and memory by Dongchunghacho, application of them as foods and chemical constituents.