• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.451-462
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• 1996

In this study, which focuses on ice storage, a fundamental study in cooling and solidification was performed, including the interesting phenomena of density inversion, supercooling and dendritic ice. A numerical study was performed for natural convection and ice formation considering existence of subcooling and dendritic ice were analyzed numerically by using finite difference method and boundary fixing method. In the mesh, the solid fraction was introduced with adding as a term to the energy conservation equation. A flow in the dendrite was modelled as a flow in a porous medium, and the momentum conservation equation was modified to incorporate resistance forces involved in flows through porous media. A numerical solution of the time dependencies of dendrite area and dense ice front was successfully obtained, and the numerical results were good agreement with experimental results. Based on this methodology, a discussion was made of phenomena and characteristics of cooling and freezing processes under various conditions.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2018

This work represents the study of the vibration response of the double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) for various boundary conditions. The inner and outer carbon nanotubes are modeled as two individual Euler-Bernoulli's elastic beams interacting each other by Van der waals force. Differential transform method (DTM) is used as a numerical method to solve the governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions. The influence of Winkler elastic medium on vibration frequency is also examined and results are interpreted. MATLAB is used as a tool for solving the governing differential equations. The fundamental natural frequencies are validating with those available in literature and observed a good agreement between them.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1986

The effects of density and soil nutrient regime on competition between individuals in pure and mixed populations of two annuals. Chenopodium album and Digitaria sanguinalis were investigated at the level of enegy allocation. Seedling emergence of two species was extremely high (>90%) in both pure and mixed culture irrespective of the density and nutrient regime, but percentage of seedling establishment or fertile plant became gradually low with increasing density owing to 'self-thinning'. The mean plant dry weight was significantly reduced with increasing density and decreasing soil fertility. The dry matter production of D. sanguinalis in mixture was markedly greater than in pure culture under medium and high density. Also, as considered the number of seed production as reproductive allocation, relationship between them and the number of seed production per plant showed a similar tendency. Therefore, these results indicated that D. sanguinalis had a greater competitive advantage than C. album and energy allocations to variious organs were regulated by plastic response rather than determined genetically.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.306-309
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• 1993

Vegetable oils supplemented to the basal medicum stimulated mycelial growth of Flammulina velutipes. The mycelial yield was increased 3.5 folds by addition of 3% (v/v) ricebran oil. Maximum mycelial yield (18.2mg/ml) was obtained by addition of 3.0% ricebran oil with 1.0% $CaCl_2$ to the basal medium. There was no significant difference between the liquid and solid spawn in the yield of sporophores.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.12-17
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• 2006

Natural rivers have water purification functions called Gravel Contact Oxidation Process, which decontaminate river water by biological absorption, oxidation and degradation on riverbed gravels. This function has been developed and applied to many small/medium-sized urban rivers in Japan as one of the direct river water purification methods. However the method hasn't been verified in the tropics, which have different climate conditions and river characteristics. A preliminary experiment carried out at a polluted urban tributary in the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where an increasing attention has been paid to river environment, showed a good applicability to the tropical conditions as a technically practical water purification measure with some maintenance cares for sludge management.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

This paper presents a review of small-to-medium-sized, pressurized-water-cooled nuclear power reactors whose major primary coolant systems are integrated into a reactor pressure vessel, the concepts categorized as Integrated Primary System Nuclear Reactors (IPSRs). Typical examples of these proposals of interest in this review are CAREM, SMART, IRIS and IMR, all of which are being aimed at the near term deployment. Emphasis is placed on thermal hydraulic aspects. A brief characterization of the IPSR concepts is made and comparisons of plant key parameters are shown. Discussions will follow for the core cooling under rated power conditions and natural circulation heat removal on the basis of the design data available in the public domain.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 1998

Natural convection and radiation heat transfer in a square enclosure containing absorbing, emitting, and isotopically scattering(participating) media is studied numerically using the finite volume method. Various numerical methods are employed to analyze the radiative heat transfer. However, it is very difficult to choose the proper method. In present study, a finite volume method(FVM) and a discrete ordinates method(DOM) are compared in rectangular enclosure. The SIMPLER algorithm is used to solve the momentum and energy equations. Thermal and flow characteristics are investigated according to the variation of radiation parameters such as optical thickness and scattering albedo. The result shows that the accuracy and the computing time of FVM are better than those of DOM in regular geometry.

• Solar Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 1984

Experiments were performed to study freezing on a finned vertical tube when either conduction in the solid or natural convection in a liquid controls the heat transfer. Conduction is the controlling mode when the liquid is at its fusion temperature, whereas natural convection controls when the liquid temperature is above the fusion value. The liquid was housed in a cylinderical containment vessel whose surface was maintained at a uniform, time-invariment temperature during a data run, and the freezing occurred on a finned vertical tube positioned along the axis of the vessel. The phase change medium was n-octacosan, a paraffin which freezes at about $61^{\circ}C$. For conduction-controlled freezing, the enhancement of the frozen mass due to finning is greatest when the frozen layer is thin and decrease as the layer grows thicker. The degree of enhancement is generally less than the surface area ratio of the finned and unfinned tube.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 1999

As we have come to realize the problems caused by the modern civilization as well as the importance of the preservation of nature. Ecological building and urban design come to attract more attention. Therefore, the object of this study is providing the design factors and improving the design methods for the developments of ecological housing complex, harmonious with environment. Followings are the results of this study: 1. We need to turn to new trend-Ecological architecture which enables the co-exitence of nature and human being to come over the presence and face new decades. 2. Ecological architecture is based on energy-saving system and give people a healty and comfortable atmosphere. 3. In the city area, the house development should be undertaken to minimize the environmental problem through extremely high ehhiciency and technonogy. 4. We need a new development to preserve natural environment in the suburvan and small or medium city. 5. We have to develope the approach method, which is to maintain the frame of present ecological environment, to be in sympathy with geomorphology, to use the natural material in the rural community.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2018

Magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies play a critical role in shaping up the intracluster medium. Their existence has been established through observations of synchrotron emission, especially from radio relics and halos, as well as observations of rotation measure. In the so-called Sausage relic, which is one of Mpc-size giant radio relics detected in the outskirts of merging clusters, for instance, the magnetic fields are believed to have a few ${\mu}G$ strength and a Mpc scale. The observed magnetic fields are conjectured to be produced by the process of small-scale turbulence dynamo. To investigate the dynamo origin, we simulate the development of turbulence and the follow-up amplification of magnetic fields in galaxy clusters using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical(MHD) code. Turbulence is induced in highly stratified backgrounds expected in clusters, and driven sporadically mimicking major mergers. We here present preliminary results, aiming to answer whether the turbulence dynamo scenario can explain observed magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies.