• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.401-406
• /
• 2009

On May in 2008, mortality of anadromous Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was observed on the Gangjeong river in Jeju. Major symptoms of the infected fish were mouth rot and skin ulcer. The causative agent was suspected as gliding bacteria. After culture on Shu-Shott and R2A media, we isolated bacterium belonging to the Flavobacterium from ayu with symptoms. As a result, the bacterium was identified as Flavobacterium succinicans JMFL55 by 16S rDNA sequence alignment with F. succinicans DSM 4002(98.27% similarity, GenBank accession NO. AM230492).

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.294-301
• /
• 2006

We have previously reported that phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is related to the differentiation of chick embryonic muscle cells in culture. In the present study, we found that eEF2 phosphorylation declined shortly after induction of differentiation of L6 myoblasts, when the cells prepare for terminal differentiation by withdrawing from the cell cycle. This decrease in phosphorylation was prevented by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) that strongly inhibit myoblast differentiation. We hypothesized that PI3-kinase plays an important role in myoblast differentiation by regulating eEF2 phosphorylation in the early stages of differentiation. To test this hypothesis, myoblasts were synchronized at in $G_2/M$ and cultured in fresh differentiation medium (DM) or growth medium (GM). In DM the released cells accumulated in $G_0$/$G_1$ while in GM they progressed to S phase. In addition, cyclin D1 was more rapidly degraded in DM than in GM, and eEF2 phosphorylation decreased more. Inhibitors of PI3-kinase increased eEF2 phosphorylation, but PI3-kinase became more activated when eEF2 phosphorylation declined. These results suggest that the regulation of L6 myoblast differentiation by PI3-kinase is related to eEF2 phosphorylation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2021

Profit generation is one of the main goals of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs have deployed a number of solutions to increase profits, including solutions to improve their financial advantage. The question is how to help SMEs make better and more effective decisions to improve their competitive advantage in order to improve their financial performance. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of competitive advantage on financial performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hanoi. A survey of 120 accountants, sales staff and boards of directors of SMEs was conducted to collect data. Through quantity methodology, we used Cronbach's Alpha, EFA and correlation analysis to determine the relationship between competitive advantage and dependent variable - financial performance. The results showed that the competitive advantage had a positive relationship with financial performance. There is not, statistically, significant difference in the level of financial performance in SMEs in Hanoi in terms of genders and between the mentioned three groups of job descriptions. From the findings, this study suggests several recommendations to improve financial performance such as increase sales and increase profits. The results are considered as a useful reference for establishing policies to attract customers toward sustainable development of firms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.1071-1077
• /
• 2019

Natural gamma-decalactone (GDL) produced by biotransformation is an essential food additive with a peach-like aroma. However, the difficulty of effectively controlling the concentration of the substrate ricinoleic acid (RA) in water limits the biotransformation productivity, which is a bottleneck for industrialization. In this study, expanded vermiculite (E-V) was utilized as a carrier of RA to increase its distribution in the medium. E-V and three commonly used organic compounds were compared with respect to their effects on the biotransformation process, and the mechanism was revealed. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that RA was physically adsorbed onto the surface of and inside E-V instead of undergoing a chemical reaction, which increased the opportunity for interactions between microorganisms and the substrate. The highest concentration of GDL obtained in the medium with E-V was 6.2 g/l, which was 50% higher than that in the reference sample. In addition, the presence of E-V had no negative effect on the viability of the microorganisms. This study provides a new method for producing natural GDL through biotransformation on an industrial scale.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2024

The separation of zirconium and hafnium using tributyl phosphate (TBP)-Dodecane extractants in nitric acid medium was performed. Zirconium oxychloride, used as extraction feed, was obtained from the synthesis of Kalimantan zircon sand concentrate smelted using NaOH. The extraction process was carried out by dissolving chloride-based metals in nitric acid media in the presence of sodium nitrate using TBP-Dodecane as an extractant. Some of the extraction parameters carried out in this study include variations in organic phase and aqueous phase (O/A), variations in contact time, and variations in nitric acid concentration. Extraction was carried out using a mechanical shaker according to the parameter conditions. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used for elemental (Zr and Hf) composition analysis of the aqueous solution. The results showed that zirconium was separated from hafnium at optimum conditions with an organic/aqueous ratio of 1:5, contact time of 75 min, and an HNO₃ concentration of 7 M. The resulting separation factor of zirconium and hafnium using TBP-Dodecane was 14.4887.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2022

Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. is a rare orchid and has flowers with an attractive fragrance. The present study investigated the tissue culture method for micropropagation. Capsules derived from artificial self-pollination were obtained for the best seed germination in MS basal medium. Plant growth regulators (1.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 2.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) were affected by callus induction from subcultured pseudobulb explants. For the callus subculture, different natural plant extracts were tested in 11 treatment media. Among them, MS medium with 150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water was generally effective in fresh weight (1.75 ± 0.08) and (3.01 ± 0.20) of callus proliferation and PLBs induction at 1 and 2 months, respectively, followed by an MS combination of 30 g·L^-1 of banana and 20 g·L^-1 of potato extract. The results of a comparative study of different MS mediums containing plant growth regulators with a natural extract combination and MS medium supplemented with natural extract only showed that MS medium supplemented with a combination of natural extracts (150 mL·L^-1 of coconut water) and plant growth regulators (2.0 mg·L^-1 of BAP and 1.0 mg·L^-1 of NAA) obtained the highest shoot regeneration (3.37 ± 0.17) and (6.41 ± 0.68) after 1 month and 2 months of culturing, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.116-129
• /
• 2009

This study is to enhance the provincial leisure plans through various programs and infrastructure facilities and to establish a network of natural leisure areas in Gyeonggi-do. According to the result, first, in terms of analyzing the locations of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of urban parks is formed in the Capital area outside Seoul as centering around the central area. Moreover, with regard to the rest of forest and the rest of natural ecology learning, the area of the detention exceeds the total area of Gyeonggi-do. The rest of valleys and swamps showed a dotted pattern of the detention area while the rest of tideland and fishing village experience indicated a distribution of the detention area along the West Coast as an axis. Second, according to result of analyzing the accessibility of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of valleys and swamps showed the highest accessibility among the natural leisure areas : the rest of natural ecology learning had the medium level of accessibility; the rest of forest indicated the lowest accessibility. Therefore, it is necessary to create more leisure areas concerning the futures demands. In addition, they should be constructed in the places adjacent to the urban district area exhibiting higher usability and accessibility. In the places where there are many natural leisure area with higher utility, management plans should be deliberated as well. Based on the result of analyzing the rest of valleys and swamps and the rest of tideland and fishing village experience, it was found that the natural leisure area should improve the quality of water intensively and hydrophile property and create hydrophilic spaces. The development of natural leisure areas need to be carried out under the principle of environmental protection while considering historic sites and nearby rivers and lakes. Moreover, water leisure programs should be developed actively as well with further utilization of water resources in order to enhance the usability of natural leisure.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2017

Inorganic iron is essential for various metabolic processes, including RNA synthesis, electron transport, and oxygen detoxification in microorganisms. Many bacterial pathogens compete for iron acquisition in diverse environmental condition such as host. Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 also requires inorganic iron as a cofactor for growth. When a M9 minimal liquid medium was supplemented with ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylactic acid (EDDA) which acts as an iron-chelating agent, growth of Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 in the supplemented medium was completely arrested by deficient of useful iron under iron-depleted condition. However, a number of siderophores, which are small, high-affinity iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, were produced for utilization of restricted iron under iron-depleted condition. A M9 minimal liquid medium complemented with human transferrin (hTf)-iron complex turned completely off production of siderophores, but growth of Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 maintained level similar to compare one complemented with iron (III) chloride (FeCl3). This means that human transferrin (hTf)-bound iron can utilize via directly interaction with Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 without productions of siderophores. Through construction and analysis of negative mutant for utilization of human transferrin (hTf)-bound iron, we confirm that the bacterium can directly use human transferrin (hTf)-bound iron without extracellularly intermediated carriers such as siderophores.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.8 s.88
• /
• pp.1068-1074
• /
• 2007

Parvalbumin occurs in various types of cells in the retina. We previously reported parvalbumin distribution in the inner nuclear layer of bat retina. In the present study, we identified the parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the ganglion cell layer of the retina of a bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and investigated the distribution pattern of the labeled neurons. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was found in numerous cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer. Quantitative analysis showed that these cells had medium to large-sized somas. The soma diameter of the parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer ranged from 12.35 to 19.12 ${\mu}m$ (n=166). As the fibers in the nerve fiber layer were also stained, the majority of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer should be medium to large-sized retinal ganglion cells. The mean nearest neighbor distance of the parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the ganglion cell layer of the bat retina ranged from 59.57 to 62.45 ${\mu}m$ and the average regularity index was 2.95 ${\pm}$ 0.3 (n=4). The present results demonstrate that parvalbu-min is expressed in medium to large-sized retinal ganglion cells in bat retina, and they have a well-or-ganized distributional pattern with regular mosaics. These results should be important as they are applicable to a better understanding of the unsolved issue of a bat vision. This data will help to provide fundamental knowledge for the better understanding of the unique behavioral aspects of bat flight maneuverability.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2002

The leaf and petiole segments of Farfugium japonica were cultured to investigate the influence of growth regulators on their callus induction and plant regeneration. The callus induction and growth showed a good response both leaf and petiole on MS media supplemented with 1∼2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1∼2 mg/L BA. Callus induction and growth were more effective in petiole segments than leaf one. The highest percentage of plant regeneration was obtained from 60-day-old calli on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BA. When subcultured to the same medium for about 60 days, multiple shoots were developed from regenerating callus. The shoots produced roots after transferring to rooting medium containing 0.5 mg/L IAA. The plantlets over 50 mm in height were successfully acclimatized in vermiculite, and the survival rate was over 95%.