• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.136-140
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• 2004

This study starts from the premise that future elementary school should be designed based on ecological approach. In order to restore the emotionality of children, school should provide and protect our natural environment by greening and energy saving. The research was conducted in Osaka and Busan to analyze the present condition of elementary schools in terms of ecology. The shared spaces such as halls, corridors, stairs and rest areas of fourteen schools were chosen and analyzed by the design analysis list. The list included the guidelines including greening, lighting, heating and cooling, ventilation and use of materials. The results showed that Korean schools require void space for more natural lighting, ventilation and insulation, while Japanese schools have problems in use of environmentally friendly materials, natural lighting and interior greening. This study reveals that ecological approach including greening and natural lighting should be considered in future elementary school design to make the school environment more agreeable and economical.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

The cosmetic and toiletries are necessary health care & household for common life. However we need antiseptic which is effecting harmlessly to the human body. There are propolis, Lavender, Lemon, essential oil in the natural antiseptic materials. This work proceeded design Natural-antiseptic system with three materials as above-mentioned. Natural-antiseptic system was accomplished with propolis (2%), Lavender essential oil (0.3%), Lemon essential oil (0.3%) safety out of Polysorbate 20 (0.5%), Polysorbate 80 (0.5%), PEG (60) hydrogenated castor oil (0.45%), ethanol (5%). The antimicrobial test was experimented on E. coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus. In this antimicrobial test, we found that the effect of antisepsis against E. coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus with propolis 0.3%, Lavender essential oil 0.045% and Lemon essential oil 0.045% was improved. Therefore could expect Natural-antiseptic system product for moisturizing skin toner for face, nourishing essence and wet tissue for clean other things.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Hair coloring before the 1980s was mostly to hide white hair by dying in black. With the introduction of color TV, however, the size of the coloring market has been expanding. Nowadays, artificial synthetic dyes are widely used, which, though advantageous in many points, have problems such as harmful effects on the human body, carcinogenesis, environmental contamination and damage on hair. On the contrary, natural vegetables obtained from Curcuma Longa L., A. catechu, polygonum indigo, henna, etc. are little harmful to hair or the skin of the head and cause few environmental problems. In addition, as they are natural materials collected from nature, they are considered positively by consumers. Thus the present study started from the necessity of research on the convenient use of environment?friendly and side-effect-free natural dyes, coloring technology for reproducing original color, the improvement of adhesion rate, etc. From the present research were obtained yellow color from Curcuma Longa L., brown from A. catechu, blue from polygonum indigo and orange from henna. It is expected that, based on materials from previous researches, there may be more researches on the use of natural dyes as hair colors.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 1986

There has been considerable interest over the last twenty years in the subject of the elastic properties of the cord-rubber laminate. This has been due to the rather intensive study of the composites materials characteristics brought about by the increased use of rigid composites materials characteristics brought about by the increased use of rigid composites in many structural applications. The object of this study is to obtain the natural frequencies and modes of the simply supported cord-rubber laminate plates prior to the study on the analysis of the dynamic properties of the pneumatic tire. To obtain these natural frequencies and modes, the 12 degrees of freedom orthotropic rectangular plate finite elements are developed. By using classical lamination theory, the stress-strain relations are represented. The governing equation for the finite element is derived by energy method. To find the natural frequencies and modes, he eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors are computed by the well known Jacobi power method. In order to verify the capability of this present finite element, the results of the specially orthotropic plate and the angle-ply laminate plate are compared with the analytical solution. The analytical and numberical results are in good agreement. The following problems of the simply supported plate are analyzed by the present finite element. a) the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cord-rubber laminate plate for various aspect ratio. b) The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the orthotropic plate with the rectangular hole in its center.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2007

The past concept of constructing houses was focused on how to overcome the limitation of consuming natural resources such as energy and materials, which increased the official cost and the environmental pollution. On the other hand, the echo-friendly concept has considered the harmony between human being and nature more critically and has applied the characteristics of natural environment into a unique dwelling design by developing constructs and materials adjusted to the particular climate, making them into a unit of impacting positively the complicated system. The current environmental issue is how a dwelling adapts into a given climate in which the design is applied by ecology without damaging the natural environment. In another word, the main issue in the twenty first century will be how we meet the human needs to dwellings applied by the residential environment. Therefore, we have to provide a hospitable place for residents' mental and physical health through "Green Design", emerging as the critical design of urban collective dwellings. Based on these conceptions, the purpose of this study is to suggest the way of designing the urban collective dwelling applied by ecology, proffering wealthy life style to residents with the preservation of natural environment as applying an ecological concept into the design of collective dwellings that represent a contemporary housing type for urban residents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

China has become the second largest economy since 2010. China's economy is supported by the rapid growth of its automobile industry. The rapid growth of the automobile and tire industry will increase the natural rubber (NR) demand as its primary raw materials. Although as a significant producer, China cannot fulfill the consumption by its domestic production. Thus China relies heavily on import from Southeast Asia countries as the primary producers of natural rubber in the world. China and Southeast Asia are dependent on their economy in terms of the availability of natural rubber as raw materials. But the economic slowdown in China since 2008 is expected to affect the international trading between China and Southeast Asia countries. This research aims to analyze the determinants of NR export from Southeast Asia to China using panel data analysis. The results show NR price, exchange rate, and China's economic slowdown significantly affect NR export to China, while Southeast Asian NR production has no significant effect. China as the main importer of NR from Southeast Asia has a big role in growing NR export in Southeast Asia. If China's economy doesn't improve soon, it will affect the economy in Southeast Asia.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2008

Environmentally friendly biocomposites were made using plant-based natural fibers, such as henequen and kenaf. The natural fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) and unsaturated polyester (UP) biocomposites were examined in terms of the reinforcing effect of natural fibers on thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Kenaf (KE) and henequen (HQ) fibers were treated with an electron beam (EB) of 10 and 200 kGy doses, respectively, or with a 5 wt% NaOH solution. Four types of biocomposites (KE/PP, HQ/PP, KE/UP and HQ/UP) were fabricated by compression molding and each biocomposite was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The kenaf fiber had the larger reinforcing effect on the dynamic mechanical properties of both PP and UP biocomposites than the henequen fiber. The highest storage modulus was obtained from the biocomposite with the combination of UP matrix and 200 kGy EB treated kenaf fibers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2009

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2011

The asbestos contents in some representative building materials were analyzed using JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The changes in mineral composition during analysis process and problems in JIS method were also examined. XRD analysis of some representative domestic building materials used for roof, wall, ceiling, and floor indicates that slate have the highest asbestos content having 6.87~6.93% of chrysotile. Other building materials analyzed in this study also have 1.35~3.98% of chrysotile contents. The XRD analysis results of asbestos contents in some domestic building materials are presented in this study. This method is very effective for the asbestos content evaluation of building materials according to newly modified asbestos content regulation (Law of Industrial Safety and Health, 2007-26) that limits asbestos content less than 0.1% by Ministry of Employment and Labor. Small amount of tremolite as well as chrysotile were also observed in some samples. With consideration of crystal shape, contents and geological occurrence, it is considered that tremolite is an associated mineral of chrysotile and is not intentionally added. Complemental analyses with optical microscope and SEM/EDS are also necessary because XRD method cannot distinguish asbestiform from non-asbestiform. The XRD method applied in this study is very effective in the asbestos content analysis of building materials, specially building materials showing high asbestos concentration in residues due to the high loss rate with ashing and acid dissolution procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.628-632
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• 2004

A porous hydroxyapatite has been prepared using natural coral which resembles human cancellous bone in microstructure. To obtain a biomaterial having a good biocompatibility, substitution of silicon into the hydroxyapatite framework has been attempted. Si substituted hydroxyapatite has been prepared by hydrothermal treatment and solvothermal treatment of the natural coral repeatedly. Si concentration and phase of the Si substituted hydroxyapatite derived from coral have been characterized using a XRD, ICP, and EDS etc. EDS investigation confirmed the presence of silicon in the framework of hydroxyapatite structure.