• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.313-332
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• 1994

The purpose of this study were as follows : 1) Investigate how to intluence Clothes with time background and trends of art-thought in the twenty century. 2) To understand chronologically how to change hair style Make-up and hair decor-ation. I. 1st and 2nd World War time(1920-1945) The women's social status and their sexual equality was promoted during in this time. 1) African Art Surrealism and Expression art were doninated. 2) The popalar trends were tutular silhoutte (Slim and long) boyish Style and military lookwere popular. 3) The popalar trends of were Eton Crop. short bob gaconne hair style cloche hat. page boy hair style were popular. 4) The trend of make-up which specially. emphasized eye make-up and imitated movie star make-up and make shining redish of lip and nails were popular. II. The stage of modernism(1945-1969) cold war time between communism and capi-talism and promotin of women's human rights were established in this time. 1) Pop art avantgrade art were catched up 2) The popular trends of were new look Kior's line silhoutte mini skirt and young fashion. 3) The popular trend of hair style was french twist. Pill Boxs hat curly bob style were prevalenced and they some what dwarfed hair style. 4) make-up natural make-up was popular. III. The stage of high economic development (1969-1990) Increased population economic development were tend to specialize with anti-social action such as Hippie and Punk groups. 1) Op art Androgynous post-modernism Punk and neo-modernism were catched up. 2) Clothes : classic style of reactionism layered look Punk-fashion avantgrade fashion and pantalon suits were prevalence. 3) Hair Style : Twiggy's short hair style the geometric hair cut natural long hair Spike hair unsex-hair style. 4) Make-up : diversified individuality were prevalence The result of this study indicated that the value's of recognize the importance of total fashion that is the harmonization of clothes hair style and make-up.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.799-807
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examined which the pursuing image, make-up and hair style desire on their wedding day and how the future brides managed their appearance for the wedding. This qualitative research was based on the data collected by in-depth interviews with 15 brides in their 20s, 30s and 40s who reside in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results of the study are shown follow: The images that the brides most pursued for the wedding day were elegant images and refine images. The favorite wedding-dress styles of brides were elegant, refine, lovely, classical, and natural style in order of preference. The design of the dress was top priority when selecting the wedding-dress and it was followed by the function that complements anyones' shape. The brides liked natural style wedding make-up most and refine and young one followed. They considered eye make-up most important after skin expression, that is, covering defects of their skin. Concerning wedding hair styles, an up-style which is typical for wedding is desired most and a natural flowing hair style second. Regarding fitness, they mainly took physical exercise and went on a diet which is not unreasonably harsh.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to find out appeal types and variation of make-up image and make-up style in cosmetics advertising. The research of this study were collected from cosmetics advertisement printed in Amole Pacific Cosmetic industry from $1970{\sim}2004$. The results were as follow: 1. A cosmetics advertisement appeal were three types. it were models and products appeal advertisement as emotional appeal, products-appeal and mixed appeal advertisement. 2. A variation of make-up image were different by the time. In the 1970s make-up were model empersis eye-line and colorful make-up were classic and active make-up image. From the 1980s various color make-up were used and persuited of individuality and started to appeal that were romantic and elegance image. In the 1990s multi-color make-up image were manish and modern used ambivalence and multi-message, and in the $2000{\sim}2004$ natural and romantic-sexy remarkable make-up image were used of new concept of beauty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.91-106
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to review the previous researches, analyze the clothing image, the make-up image and compare the analyses of clothing image and make-up image. The previous researches of clothing image and make-up image were reviewed in 6 kinds of Journal. The results of previous research review and analysis were followed as : Measuring mean of image are used to similarly that semantic differential technique and summated rating technique. Attention to proposed researcher abstraction image in make-up image, but there is problem that this hard to explain objectivity of image abstraction. There are a lot of occasions that 4 or 5 image factors were extracted by factor analysis. The make-up image researches that presented image stimulus were more than study that do not present. Image words were classified which were compiled words have similar sub image. Grace, activeness, lively. unique, modernity attractive, feminine. sexy and ripeness clothing images were classified factors. which were representative clothing image. Elegance, Sophisticate. romantic, natural, modern and youthfulness make-up image for factor were representative make-up image factors. However the problems were found that some representative image factor included the sub images which were different from some factor image. Compared with representation image words, same image words were used to not agree what clothing image and make-up image. Standardization of word should be made that show that clothing image and make-up image.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.129-139
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• 1999

This paper analyzes the trend of fashion and make-up in 1990s and their relevancy to each other. Based on the chronological analysis, we propose a new category for the fashion and make-up trend in 1990s, which is 1) traditional ecology period(1990∼1994), 2) versatile trial or decadent period(1995∼1997), and 3) soft landing period based on the minimal neo-ecology and romanticism(1998∼2000). Between 1990 and 1994, there was no differentiation in seasons. It appeared that spring/summer and fall/winter trend have had no big differences. At the beginning in 1990s, it was basically based on ecology concept that emphasizes the natural image. However after 1995, seasonal differences in trend are appeared and there were various make-up designs. The trends of spring/summer in 1996 could be named as color revolution period that emphasized the unique and individual expression of each person. In 1997, black, pastel, and brown colors were the result of reinterpreting the classic and sexy images of 1960s to natural and modernistic image of 1997. Purple color started to be introduced to us. In 1998, pastel tone, pink, and purple color expresses the glamorous look based on the romantic feminism. S/S of 1999 is mainly represented by minimalism and avant garde. For fall/winter trends, brown color lines make-up comes to mix with romantic image and developed into wine, orange, neon colors in 1995 and 1996. These colors were the symbol of property and sentiment. Gold make-up emphasizing the eye area was the tendency of that period. In 1997, the fear of coming end of century was expressed as decadent image. At that time, ethnic and romantic image appeared with vivid color lines, gold, red and violet. In 1998, romanticism was popular again with modernism and ethnic mood. It expressed the romantic elegant image. The trend has returned to the ecology mood again in 1999. This ecology is somewhat different from the previous ecology. It adds a sofistaiced feeling and sportic fashion. To express natural and sportic image, they choose pink blush. In coming 2000 as a new millennium, the yellow color will be main the stream to express vision, dream, and happiness in both fashion and make-up as an accent color. The minimal design and minimal tools will be used for the design and make-up, respectively. In addition, the fusion concept will dominate the fashion and make-up industry in the globalized and boundariless age. Through this paper, we hope that make-up can be accepted as a part of total fashion in its relationship with other elements such as shoes, clothes and accessory and that it can be considered as a independent art that has direct influence on people and industry.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

Lip make-up products can be easily taken into body with food. For this reason, those products are requires to meet lots of qualifications compared with other cosmetic products. In addition, concerns about safety on synthesized tar pigments is constantly issued. Thus, demand of natural pigments is gradually increased and many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. However, there are some problems when natural pigments are applied to cometic products instead of synthetic ones. There is a reason that most of natural pigments consist of hydrophilic materials of sort of anthocyanin, but the existing lip make-up products is anhydrous oil dispersion type without water consisting oil and wax. Therefore, when watersoluble natural pigments are applied to anhydrous lip make-up products, color expression is lower and phase separation occurs due to the instability of the product. In addition, natural pigments have disadvantages that they can easily change by pH, heat and sunlight. There are troubles of stability because it is not easy to adjust for these factors in case of anhydrous forms. Aim of study is to develop lip make-up products which have not only safe to human but being high in expression of color by using natural pigments and securing stability of colorant as natural pigments are offered to polyol in oil emulsion. Then, lip make-up products which have heavy moisture while having not dryness that is created when the moisture evaporates are developed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.106-123
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to study if the images that make-up advertisement tries to symbolize can be altered with changes only in the colors of make-up and without any changes in other factors and if colors can be tools of communication in image. Also, we studied the interaction between the partial changes of eyes and lips. The results are as follows. First, we studied if the images that make-up advertisement tries to symbolize can be altered with changes only in the colors of make-up and without any changes in other factors. The study revealed more or less differences, however, when we applied colors of each image on photos, people had higher recognition on that image more than other images. Therefore, we can conclude that the image can be changed merely with the change from colors of make-up. Second, we changed the make-up colors of lips and eyes separately and studied the interaction of the two. When natural colors and elegant color were applied, there was no interaction of color application between eyes and lips within 0.1 significance level. In the case of romantic colors, there was interaction of applying colors between lips and eyes within 0.1 significance level. When we applied gorgeous colors and modern colors, there was interaction of applying colors between lips and eyes within 0.1 significance level. Therefore, from the interaction of the two, it was recognized to be most gorgeous or most modern when gorgeous colors or modern colors were applied in both lips and eyes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1619-1628
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the changes in wedding coordination between the end of 20th and the beginning 21st centuries. one wedding magazine was selected and used to supply data. four hundred and thirty one wedding photos were examined from a popular wedding magazine called "My Wedding", issued between 1993 and 2007. the results are described below. First, changes in make-up and hair style: from the end of 20th to the beginning of 21 st centuries, the style of make-up changed from being exaggerated with strong colors which made the typical brides make-up to utilizing the minimal color selection which made natural-looking. the hair style has also changed from up style to natural hair style. Second, changes in wedding gowns: the style of wedding gowns changed from the shapes of X line which was to cover the body figure of bride to simple shapes such as an strapless and fish-tail style of gowns. Third, changes in wedding jewelry and accessories: hair pieces consisted of large flower crowns and hair bands with flowers in the end of 20th century. the various sizes and colors of tiaras and crowns were popular in the beginning of 21 st century. for wedding accessories, large shapes of earrings and necklaces were popular at the end of 20th century, whereas various size and styles were more fashionable later on. in conclusion, brides in the beginning of 21 st century prefer to wear sexy or alluring dresses with natural hair styles and make-up, in contrast to the classic or traditional wedding outfits that were more popular at the end of 20th century.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2003

As korean women despised to transform their appearance into totally different shape, and they regarded to enhance a inherent beauty ideal beauty, korean traditional make-up culture was natural. But in modern society, make-up has been developing as one of the beauty industry and it means make-up involves more meanings than primitive period and needs to study its multi-dimensional connotation to understand in the culture. The purposes of this study were to find out what was represented in make-up ad and how it has been changed. The data of this study were collected from make-up advertisement printed in 'Hyang Jang' which is a periodical of amole pacific cosmetic industry from 1972-2001, and qualitatively analysed. As a results of content analysis were: The characteristics of non-verbal expression in make-up advertisements were different by the time. Generally person-appeal advertisements were more than product-appeal advertisements. And in the 1970s and early 1980s, person-appeal advertisements were appeal to the lifestyle, but after that person itself was appealed. And also after early 1980s, image-appeal advertisements were increased.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

This research examines the characteristic trends through analysis on cue in the contemporary fashion distinctly and systematically. It is carried out by both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the four important street fashions of neo-mods/jazz, neo-hippie/grunge, sportivecasual and technos/cyber-punk are grouped. In the quantitative analysis, statistical data are sampled from Collection II of the 1990s S/S. It takes frequency, percentage, $\chi^2$-test and etc. by using the comprehensive tools for statistical treatment. There were significant differences between the S/S fashion. According to the cues, there are also significant differences between the fashion in the 1990s. In 'Neo-Mos/Jazz' style shows highly androgynous look, deep and strong tone, green/blue colors, natural fabric, stripe pattern, long hair style, and hided make-up. 'Neo-hippie/gnenge' style shows highly folklore look, vivid tone purple colors, seethrough/knit fabric, natural /traditional pattern, decorative hair special makeup. 'Sportive casuals' style shows highly sportive look, greish tone, white/grey colours, natural fabric, solid patten, bobbed hair, and natural make-up. 'Techno/cyber punk style shows highly comocorps look, pale tone black colors avangard fabric, solid patten, punk/dyed hair special make-up.