• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2003

This study was performed to suggest growth status data of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea. Field investigation of 70 large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea was carried out in Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam. The main field of this study is classified into the growth condition, soil state and management situation. The results of this study are below : The age distribution of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea is as follows : above l00years in 5.9%, above 200years in 8.9%, above 300 years in 11.8%, above 400 years in 16.2%, above 500 years in 16.2% and above 600years in 41.1%. Location types of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea are found in 11 types; the types are hill side(22.9%), historical monument area(15.7%), field(l4.3%) and building area(12.9%), etc. Also, growth type of the trees is individually placed. In the aspect of soil environment, the acidification of soils has been appearing in all surveyed areas, and the soil of Seoul area has much acidum phosphoricum because of excessive fertilizer. Finally, in management situation. major factors inhibiting growth of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea are soil covering of protruded root above ground, soil hardening by human, embankments, small area that has been surrounded fence. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of status data are necessary to preserve the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2015

This study analyzed the growth characteristics of multi-layer planted trees through their growth analysis and attempted to present a management strategy. The subject of research is the Citizen's Forest Area of Seoul Forest Park located in Seoul City. Field surveys were conducted three times over eight years from 2005 when the Seoul Forest Park was created through 2013. Labels were attached to all trees in the target area, and their species, height and DBH were investigated. To identify the growth differences by trees in each area, a detailed tree location map was drawn up for use in the analysis. To check soil health, soil organic matter, soil pH and soil microbial activities were analyzed. It turned out that the growth of the multi-layer planted trees in the target area of research was higher than that of the trees in existing urban parks, and that it was similar to that of trees in natural forests. Through a field survey in the area with a remarkably low growth, high-density planting problem, soil was found to have excess-moisture and there was the problem of Pueraria lobata covering. As a result of the analysis of the soil, it was found that its organic content in the soil was lower; soil pH was higher; and microbial activities in the soil were lower when compared to that of natural forests.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of planting position on the growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at different growth stages. Referring to shoot growth characteristics, stem length, stem diameter and leave area were higher at front than rear, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages. But a lower chlorophyll contents was caused at front compared to rear and decreased as the proceeding of growth stages contrarily. According to root characteristics, root length and main body length were higher at front, with a positive correlation to growth stages, which was also shown on fresh root weight and dry root weight with the maximum in August. Meanwhile, the effect of planting position on ginsenoside content could also be definite by the highest content at front showing high light intensity, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages as well.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

This study intended to analyze growth condition of each object by protected tree's ground for 45 places registered to Pyeongtaek protected tree list in locational characteristics, conduct exchange analysis for impediment extent rate in crown area and tree type to the result and suggest the measures to manage artificial impediment which is an effect on protected tree condition. In this study, the tree whose area of impediment for crown area is less than 21% is tree condition of grade 1~2, less than 21~50% is grade 2~3 and more than 50% is grade 3~5. The more impediment is, the more inconvenience causes on growth and development. So, it verified that the area rate must maintain less than 21% for the root system management of protected tree. For the standard of managing artificial impediment which is an effect on the tree condition of protected trees, the below matters intend to be suggested. The first, the impediment in crown area should be less than 21%. But, if there is not artificial impediment out of crown area, the rate of impediment area is considered to increase somewhat. The second, growth space of protected tree should be maintained by crown area at least and impediment should be established out of the crown area. The third, during the national project and land development, surroundings of protected tree must be applied as park, resting place, etc. and the establishment area of impediment (artificial impediment and natural impediment) in crown area must be limited. The forth, publicity for regional people (especially, land owner) is necessary for the protection of natural inheritance and the value of dependence on local government and village which are the subject of management must be announced widely through the internet media, etc, so its importance must be recognized. The fifth, the matters related to protected tree management must be able to limit artificial damage which is for surroundings of protected tree through the mutual connection among the local governments; construction, civil engineering, architecture, water and sewage, agriculture and forest and others. Also, following studies on the effects of kinds, thickness, etc. of impediment around the protected tree on trees should be continued.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

Allometry, basal area equations, and volume equations were developed with various tree measurement variables for the major species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis, in Korean natural hardwood forests. For allometry models, the relationships between total height-DBH, crown width-DBH, height to the widest portion of the crown-total height, and height to base of crown-total height were investigated. Multiple regression methods were used to relate annual basal area growth to tree variables of initial size (DBH, total height, crown width) and relative size (relative diameter, relative height) as well as competition measures (competition index, crown class, exposed crown area, percent exposed crown area, live crown ratio). For tree volume equations, the combined-variable and Schumacher models were fitted with DBH, total height and crown width for both species.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

The growth and maturation pattern of a commercial and endemic red algae Meristotheca papulosa were investigated in Jeju Island. Ecological researches were performed in a natural population of 10 m water depth in Sinheung from march 2014 to November 2015. Maximal blade length and weight of M. papulosa were 8.7 cm and 5.49 g in July 2014 and 10.7 cm and 10.17 g in September 2015, respectively. Growth in blade area of the species reached a maximum of $43.84cm^2$ and $67.41cm^2$ in July 2014 and 2015, respectively. Thalli in the field population were rarely observed from October to December but new recruits were found from January, following year. Carposporophytes were observed from June to September when bottom seawater temperatures were around $20^{\circ}C$. At the study site, seawater temperature was in the range of $14.9-25.7^{\circ}C$. Growth parameters of M. papulosa and relative abundance of carposporophytes showed significant correlation with environmental factors (temperature, salinity, DIN). In this result, we clarified the growth and maturation period of M. palpulosa, and provided effective data on the protection and management of natural populations and basic data for mass culture of the alga.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권5호
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• pp.650-662
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• 2001

이 연구는 중국 동북부 활엽수-잣나무 천연림의 다섯 가지 임형에 대하여 임분의 생장 모델과 수확 모델을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구 자료는 43년생부터 364년생 범위에 이르는 임분에서 0.06ha에서 1.0ha 크기의 359개 임시 표본구와 58I개의 영구 표본구에서 수집되었다. 입지조건을 평가하기 위하여 지위급지수(Site Class Index; SCI)플 도입하였고, 천연혼효림의 임분밀도를 측정하기 위하여 수관경쟁지수(Crown Competition Factor; CCF)를 채택하였다. SCI 공식과 수고-직경 곡선 모델은 Chapman-Richards 함수를 이용하였고, 흉고직경, 흉고단면적, 및 임분재적 모델의 개발은 Schumacher의 생장함수를 기본 모델로 선정하였다. 평균 흉고직경과 흉고단면적 생장 모델에서 Schumacher 함수의 점근매개변수 A는 입지조건(SCI)과 임분밀도(CCF)와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 비율매개변델수 k는 임분밀도와 관계가 있었고 입지조건과는 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 생장 모델과 수확 모델로써 예측된 임분 제원들을 평가하기 위하여 별개의 임분 자료를 이용하여 유효성 검정을 실시하였다. 검정 결과, 예측치의 상대평균오차(RME)는 ${\pm}5%$ 미만으로 산출되었고 임분 변수들의 정확도는 모두 95% 이상인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 1999년도 국제 Symposium 및 '99 춘계 공동 학술 발표대회
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• pp.101-101
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• 1999