• 보존과학연구
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• s.29
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• pp.183-197
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• 2008

Paraloid B-72 of acrylic resins has been widely used as consolidant for bronze artifacts conservation. In previous study, xylene was appropriate for paraloid B-72 when bronze artifacts consolidated. In this study, we compared the coating properties of paraloid B-72 in various concentration levels. The surface before and after coating were observed by optical microscope and AFM. Thickness and adhesive strength of films were tested. For testing coating stability, we performed yellowing test and EIS. After these experiments, we concluded 15wt% paraloid B-72 was adequate concentration for bronze artifacts conservation when paraloid B-72 used in xylene as solvent. Because 15wt% paraloid B-72 has the lowest polarity and high hydrophobic.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2019

We estimated the provenance of the obsidian artifacts from Samgeori site at Yeoncheon, one of the prehistoric sites in South Korea. Pyroxene microlites are of hedenbergite to augite compositions, and intergrown and/or overgrown with Fe-oxides showing poikilitic texture. Major oxides contents for the matrix of the obsidian artifacts exhibit a narrow compositional range, especially SiO₂ contents being 73.0~75.5 wt.% of acidic rhyolitic composition. Also, rare earth element (REE) contents are relatively constant in the obsidian artifacts, and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns show a strong Eu negative anomaly. These mineralogical and geochemical features of the Samgeori obsidian artifacts were compared with those from both the Baekdusan obsidians and Japanese Kyushu obsidians which have been thought to be two major obsidian provenances around South Korea. It is suggested that the Samgeori obsidian artifacts were possibly originated from the Baekdusan obsidians.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 1998

An image analysis was used for the interpretation of microstructures of ferrous metal artifacts. For the purposes, various microstructural features such as average grain size, phase area, shape factor, and composition of the inclusions, were parameterized for the information about manufacturing techniques such as casting, heating and tempering. The carbon content was determined through the evaluation of the amount of pearlite phase. As the amount of pearlite phase increased the shape factor also increased. Grain size was relatively smaller in trans-section than in cross-section. The manufacturing direction was trans-sectional because the orientation of inclusions was elongated lengthwise. All inclusions was of silicate groups and the manufacturing temperature was estimated up to $1450^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Although image compression is one of the essential technologies to transmit image data on a variety of surveillance and mobile healthcare applications, it causes unnecessary compression artifacts such as blocking and ringing artifacts by the lossy compression in the limited network bandwidth. Recently, image restoration methods using convolutional neural network (CNN) show the significant improvement of image quality from the compressed images. In this paper, we propose Image Denoising Convolutional Neural Networks (IDCNN) to reduce the compression artifacts for the purpose of improving the performance of object classification. In order to evaluate the classification accuracy, we used the ImageNet test dataset consisting of 50,000 natural images and measured the classification performance in terms of Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed IDCNN can improve Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy as high as 2.46% and 2.42%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.652-659
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• 2009

Many ancient and historical artifacts were made by copper and its alloys. In the case of outdoor exposure artifacts, the surface could be suffered from corrosion and tarnish by the reaction with its environment. In order to preserve the artifacts, surface treatment would be needed and BTA coating has been usually applied to tin-bronze. This paper dealt with the evaluation of the properties of BTA coated film using a linear polarization method and AC impedance measurement. On the base of corrosion rate and film resistance for the specimen formed by coating process, optimum coating conditions are as follows; 3 cycles brushing or 3 cycles spraying coatings for natural dried process and 1 cycle brushing coating or 5 cycles spraying coating for hot-air dried process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.441-452
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• 2017

Drones are increasingly being used to investigate disaster damage because they can quickly capture images in the air. It is necessary to extract the damaged area by registering the drones and the existing ortho-images in order to investigate the disaster damage. In this process, we might be faced the problem of registering two images with different time and spatial resolution. In order to solve this problem, we propose a new methodology that performs initial image transformation using line pairs extracted from images and association matrix, and final registration of images using linear features to refine the initial transformed result. The applicability of the newly proposed methodology in this study was evaluated through experiments using artifacts and the natural terrain areas. Experimental results showed that the root mean square error of artifacts and the natural terrain was 1.29 pixels and 4.12 pixels, respectively, and relatively high accuracy was obtained in the region with artifacts extracted a lot of linear information.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

In recent years the importance of the preservation of cultural artifacts like ancient tombs has been widely accepted domestically and internationally with increasing value of cultural artifacts. However not much technical attention has been paid for the facilities and systems to preserve these artifacts. As a part of the present study, the temperature and relative humidity inside a selected artifact, Shinkwan-ri tomb, have been monitored for a year round to improve the understanding of the indoor thermal environment. In this study, using the Computational Fluid Dynamics calculated the velocity and temperature distribution and offered basic data which are necessary for the best fitted design of tomb air-conditioning device. Through the result of this study, the generation of temperature variation was identified by natural convection. It enables us to get the possibility of humidity variation

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.1933-1938
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• 2014

Despite increasing importance of in vitro cell-based assays for the assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) cytotoxicity, their suitability for the assessment of NPs toxicity is still in doubt. Here, limitations of widely used cell viability assay protocol (i.e., MTT asssay) for the cytotoxicity assessment of P25 $TiO_2$ NPs were carefully examined and an alternative toxicity assessment method to overcome these limitations was proposed, where the artifacts caused by extracellularly formed formazan and light scattered by agglomerated NPs were minimized by measuring only the intracellular formazan via image cytometric methods.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.210-223
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• 2014

When sarira reliquary was found in stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple, there were 494 gold artifacts, including inner gold pot, gold plate with inscription for Sarira enshrinement, etc. Most of gold artifacts were crafted, but there were 22 gold plates and 4 gold ingots, which did not have any specific shape. It was considered that they had not been crafted. Since gold exists as a metal rather than a metallic oxide in nature, in general, it can be crafted by melting and shaping. However, gold in nature has impurities so it has to be refined to have malleability. The characteristic features were identified through the analysis of gold artifacts from sarira reliquary found in stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple. The analysis result showed that there were 3 types of gold; pure gold artifacts, artifacts produced with silver containing gold and natural gold ingots. Inner gold pot, gold earrings and gold small beads were produced with pure gold and they contained less than 1wt.% of copper. It seemed like they were produced as pure gold to be shaped by hammering. Gold plate with inscription, tweezers, gold earrings, ingots, etc. were produced with silver containing gold as they had to be more solid. Gold ingots seemed to be natural gold considering the distribution of silver and copper in them, but it cannot be concluded as there are not enough information on gold ingots in Korea. The comprehensive research on gold ingots from various regions in Korea has to be carried out to confirm the above. Sarira Reliquary showed the very sophisticated gold craftsmanship. Gold ingots with the inscriptions, which say 1 nyang, were approximately 14g. Considering the weight of these ingots as standard, weights of other ingots were half nyang(7g), 2 nyang(28g), etc.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.54-62
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• 2021

As the volume of online e-commerce transactions increases, items diversify and the classification becomes complicated. E-commerce platforms that specialize in dealing only in one area are emerging, and the area is diversifying. Three problems were identified by researching the craft online e-commerce platform, one of the various types of professional e-commerce platforms. First of all, although craft materials are diversified and complex on the platform, the existing craft e-commerce system is fragmented in structure to categorize complex crafts, making it difficult to accurately present search results that meet various criteria. Second, although appearance is the main reason for purchasing artifacts, it is rare for users to categorize them according to appearance, so they have to judge and filter each work directly. Finally, the language entered when searching for artifacts by non-technical experts is not reflected in the language used to categorize artifacts in the taxonomic system, so the language used for searching is highly accurate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to add and consider complex attributes in the field of technology to meet the search criteria. Properties to be added must include the main appearance in the search for artifacts. In addition, the government aims to develop a taxonomic system that can reflect non-experts' search languages in the search of works through artificial intelligence natural language processing technology.