• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 1989

A radioprotective ginseng protein fraction was obtained from Korean white ginseng powder by the following isolation and purification procedures: Tris-HCI buffer extraction, 70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-rellulosr column chromatography, heat inactivation and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. This fraction was further purified by Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-150 column chromatographies. Three fractions obtained were subjected to Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE using gradient gels and the silver staining method. Molecular weights of the native proteins and their subunits were estimated.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1991

PBS soluble- and insoluble-extracts form silkworm eggs were analysed by native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE. During the embroyonic development, soluble proteins which are mainly composed of ESP, vitellin and 30K proteins showed similar degradation pattern in both electrophoretic analyses. Several peptides which seemed to be intermediated forms of yolk proteins were detected in latter part of embryogenesis, while a protein band newly appeared in one day elapsed after acid treatment. When insoluble extracts from silkworm eggs were analysed with SDS-PAGE, several peptides were detected at the later stages of the embryonic development, and newly hatched larvae. These peptides are considered to be structure proteins for embryonic morphogenesis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.106-110
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• 1998

We have employed a DNA-native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DNA-native-PAGE) assay system to characterize the enzyme activity of the endonuclease secreted by human B lymphoblastic IM9 cells. Experimental results clearly demonstrated that the endonuclease activity of IM9 cell culture medium is distinct from that of DNase I in the DNA-native-PAGE assay system. Immunoprecipitation analysis using anti-DNase I antibody showed that the secreted endonuclease is not recognized by the antibody. The secreted endonuclease was estimated using supercoiled plasmid DNA as a substrate. The pH optimum required for the catalytic activity was determined to be in the range of pH 6.6-7.4. No significant difference in the endonuclease secretion was observed by stimulation of the IM9 cells with interferon-${\gamma}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2002

In order to study the reaction behavior of bovine holo- and apo-$\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-La) during heat treatment at 65~10$0^{\circ}C$, the samples were analysed by first (ID)-and second-dimensional (2D) native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-PAGE. When bolo-$\alpha$-La or apo- $\alpha$ -La were heated, they formed non-native, monomers, dimers and trimers. The apo-$\alpha$-La was more heat-sensitive than holo-$\alpha$-La. The monomers seemed to have the same composition as the native $\alpha$-La, but many of the disulfide bonds could be non-native.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1041-1045
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• 2003

In order to study the reaction behaviors of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-La), $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-Lg), and their mixtures during heat treatment, samples were analyzed using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-PAGE, and two-dimensional (2-D)-PAGE. The electrophoresis demonstrated that the loss of native-$\alpha$-La increased as temperature increased, and that the loss of apo-$\alpha$-La was slightly higher than that of holo-$\alpha$-La. The tests also showed that during heat treatment, a mixture of $\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg was less stable than $\alpha$-La alone. As such, it was assumed that $\beta$-Lg induced holo-$\alpha$-La to be less stable than apo-$\alpha$-La during heat treatment. The reaction behavior of $\alpha$-La (holo-, apo-form) during heat treatment showed similar patterns in the 2-D-PAGE electropherogram, but the mixture of $\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg created new bands. In particular, the results showed a greater loss of native $\alpha$-La in the holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture than in the apo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture. Thus, it can be concluded that the holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture was more intensively affected by heat treatment than other samples, and that free sulphydryl groups took part in the heat-induced denaturation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 1990

A splenectomized 5-month-old calf was inoculated with cryopreserved Theileria sergenti infected blood originated from naturally infected Korean native cattle in Chonbuk district. At peak parasitemia (40.1%), blood was collected, washed, lysed and then the T sergenti merozoite was isolated by differential centrifugation. Antigenic profile of isolated T sergenti organism was analized by SDS-PAGE and western blotting techniques. Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE gel revealed at least twelve protein bands of approximately 14Kd, 28Kd, 30Kd, 34Kd, 36Kd, 38Kd, 41Kd, 56Kd, 66Kd, 72Kd, 97Kd and 116Kd in the merozoite homogenate. In western blot, although T sergenti antigen recognized by specific anti-T sergenti antibodies demonstrated 28Kd, 30Kd, 38Kd, 56Kd, 58Kd, 66Kd, 97Kd and 116Kd proteins. False positive reactions were also observed in normal bovine serum with T sergenti and normal erythrocytic antigens. Therefore, predominant proteins of T sergenti merozoite antigen were found to be 28Kd, 30Kd, and 41Kd proteins of molecular weights. On going studies we will analyze the relative importance of those antigens for immunity of T sergenti in Korean native cattle.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

To improve in vitro release kinetic of G-CSF in PLGA microsphere, G-CSF was PEGylated with methoxy polyethylene glycol-aldehyde (mPEG-aldehyde, MW 5000). The majority of G-CSF was mono-PEGylated and it was characterized using SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and peptide mapping. The PLGA microencapsulation with the native, or PEGylated G-CSF was performed using W/O/w method, where the encapsulation efficiency was high. For the high loading of G-CSF to microsphere, G-CSF and PEGylated G-CSF were concentrated and then verified the protein stability using native gel and gel filtration chromatography. In comparison with native G-CSF, PEGylated G-CSF was released during the extended period and its maximum amount of released G-CSF was also increased.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 1998

In this study, we carried out to isolate lactoferrin from Korean native cattle and Holstein cow by batch extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography. The purity of the isolated lactoferrin was higher than that of lactoferrin purchased from Sigma, when determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis. Antibacterial activity of E. coli O111 by Korean native cattle lactoferrin was lower than that of Holstein lactoferrin. A minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Korean native cattle lactoferrin and Holstein lactoferrin was 2.75 mg/ ml and 1.5 mg/ml respectively. The lactoferrin hydrolyzate of Korean native cattle exhibited antimicrobial activity at 0.25 mg/ml, whereas that of Holstein cow exhibited antimicrobial activity at 0.12 mg/ml. The antibacterial potency of the hydrolyzate was at least tenfold greater than that of undigeated lactoferrin with strains tested. The effect of hydrolyzate was bactericidal as indicated by rapid loss of viability of E. coli O111.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1998

An antimicrobial peptide producing bacterium, Bacillus subtilis A405, was screened and identified among 700 of antagonistic bacteria. The heat-resistant antimicrobial peptide, AMP-405, was purified from the broth culture of B. subtilis A405 through $20{\sim}40%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. The AMP-405 exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum, Celletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, Pyricularia oryzae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Candida albicans. The molecular weight of the peptide was about 3.0 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE and Tris-Tricine gradient electrophoresis, and composed of 9 kinds of amino acid such as aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tyrocine. To determine the efficiency of AMP-405 as a potential maintenance of fruits freshness, cherry tomato was srored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks after treatment with $50{\mu}g/ml$ of AMP-405 and $10^{5}$ spores/ml of Botrytis cinerea simultaneously. Treatment with AMP-405 resulted in significantly less infection by Botrytis cinerea, than the treatment with tap water as a control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.721-724
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• 2002

Postmortem Proteolysis of breast (BM) and leg (LM) muscles in Chiayi native chickens at $5^{\circ}C$ were compared. Myofibrils were purified from BM and LM samples that were randomly taken from carcasses after 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. Fragmentation of myofibrils were determined, and degradation of myofibrillar proteins were analyzed by the SDS-PAGE and western blots. The results showed that myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BM than in LM samples. Disappearance of titin and nebulin and appearance of the 30 kDa component were more rapidly as seen on SDS-PAGE in BM than in LM samples. Western blots labeled with a monoclonal antibody to desmin also demonstrated that desmin degraded more quickly in BM samples. Our data suggested that postmortem proteolysis occurred more rapidly in breast muscles in Chiayi native chickens.