• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.350-363
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• 2009

Inter- and intra-specific differences in removal activities, filtering rates (FR) and production of feces-and pseudo-feces (PF) between a native freshwater bivalve in Korea, Anodonta woodiana Lea and Unio douglasiae Griffith et Pidgeon, were compared using a continuous removal of organic matters (CROM) system. The CROM system comprised five steps; input of polluted water, control of water flow, mussel treatment, analysis of water quality and discharge of clean water. The study was designed to compare the removal activity of organic matters between A. woodiana and U. douglasiae, and the intra-specific differences between density and length in A. woordiana. Results clearly indicate that two kinds of mussels had obvious removal activities of seston in the eutrophic reservoir. First, if both are similar in shell length, there were no significant inter-specific differences in removal activity between A. woordiana and U. douglasiae (P>0.5), but FRs of U. douglasiae was relatively high due to low ash-fee dry weight. Second, if both are same in animal density, the smaller mussels (1$\sim$2 years old) showed a higher filtering rate and production of feces- and pseudo-feces and less release of ammonium than the larger mussels. Third, if both are same in biomass, FRs and PF of mussels were higher in the low-density tank than the high-density tank, While the Concentration of $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P released WRS similar to each other (P>0.5). Therefore, these results suggest that CROM system using a young bivalve A. woordiana can be applied to control the nuisance seston in eutrophic lake system, if a relevant species and density were selected. Additional pilot tests to optimize the age and density of domestic bivalves were needed for the generalization of CROM operation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

Queens of Korean native bumblebee species, Bombus ignitus were collected from the field in the spring of 1998 to investigate their ecological characteristics and reared under the laboratory conditions; 3 0 f 1$^{\circ}$C, 55 25% of relative humidity and darkness. As a result, 94.4% of the queens laid eggs in 6.00f 2.41 days after the field collection. The first worker and the first drone from the egg cell of the collected queens appeared in 18.90 f 1.16 and 68.96 f 3.94 days, respectively. In the colony foundation, 86.1% of the collected queens founded their colony, and 96.8% of them produced new queens in 71.14f 6.88 days. The life span of the colony-founded queen covered for 86.90f24.35 days, whereas that of non-colonized queen for 15.67 f 7.37 days. One colony sized as big as 987.82f 145.84 in number, composing of workers (188.79f 18.23), drones (691.10f 159.24) and queens (107.93 f47.48). Copulation lasting time of queen and drone took 23.00f 7.33 minutes in average. In a new queen emergence, there were two patterns; single peak type of new queen emergence in 12.31 k6.95 days and two peaks type of it in 74.00f 17.61 days. The number of eggs per egg cell of new queen averaged as 8.86f 4.00 grains and an egg period covered 3 days after oviposition. An egg cell sized as 7.15 f0.88 mm in a width, 7.79 f 1 .l 1 mm in a length and 3.33 f 0.23 mm in a height. An egg shaped as banana and sized as 1.22 f 0.09 mm in a width and as 3.5 1 f 0.21 mm in a length, weighing as 2.70 + 0.30 mg.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

Cryopreservation of poultry semen has been reported, but preservation of female genetic material has not been possible because of the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of the avian egg. Thus an alternative strategy for conservation of oviparous species of animals must be developed. Recent technological developments for producing germline chimeras by the transfer of primordial germ cells (PGCs) into recipient embryos has enabled the conservation and retrieval of chicken genetic resources in their complete form. In the present study, fertilized eggs were incubated for about 5.5 days to obtain embryos at stage 28. The whole embryo was collected from the germinal gonad using a fine glass micro pipette under a microscope. The PGCs were then purified using MACS method. Two commercially available cryoprotectants (A and B) were used to preserve the PGCs, and EG were used as a control. The average recovery rate of PGCs after thawing was 35.5% and 60.5% with the A and B treatments, respectively. There was no significant difference between B treatments and control, which showed an average recovery rate of 52.8%. However, the recovery rate obtained using A cryoprotectant (35.5%) was significantly lower than using treatment control and B. The average viability of the PGCs after thawing were 77.9% and 77.4% for cryoprotectants A and B, respectively, and the control were was 81.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments and control. It was concluded that all of the available cryoprotectants examined in this study could be used for preservation of PGCs from embryos. Further experiments to produce germline chimera from PGCs preserved using this techniques are strongly recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

A study on the population ecology of gregarious Wisteria habitat was conducted in Beomeosa temple, Busan. The area has been protected since it was designated as No. 176 natural monument in 1966. Such a large habitat of native wisteria (Wisteria floribunda DC.) in Korea is very rare so that it has a very high academic value. However, there are no high-resolution researches on the distribution and ecology of wisteria in the Gregarious Wisteria Habitat of Beomeosa Temple. The study aimed to identify the distribution and characteristics of wisteria populations in the Wisteria habitat. The study identified the distribution of Wisteria, RCC, the climbing direction, the plant and flora in the research area in the Gregarious Wisteria Habitat of Beomeosa Temple in Busan and the surrounding areas based on an on-site research. As a result, the total number of the wisteria populations in the research area was confirmed to be 1,158 and the RCC of wisteria was on average 69.0 mm (${\pm}45.5$) and in maximum 365 mm. In terms of the climbing direction, the number of wisteria that climbs clockwise or counterclockwise was determined to be 40. It was identified that there are 28 taxa of the climbing plant species and the wisteria of the same kind was the most favorable. The populations were found to be dispersed adjacent to the valleys, and were found to be maintained by constant disturbance. 76.6 % of the population was found to be distributed in the valley forest, and the Carpinus tschonoskii-Pseudosasa japonica forest, Pueraria lobata community and Pinus densiflora forest were found to be relatively dispersed. The study proposed to conduct the follow-up researches to preserve the wisteria that is spreading in this research area, the wisteria with the highest RCC and regional habitat through continuous monitoring; and maintain the protection area of No. 176 natural monument; and discussed the management measures and approaches that reflect the habitat.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to screen the polymorphisms and distribution of each genotype of insertion/ deletion (indel) markers which were found in a preliminary comparative study of bovine genomic sequence databases. Comparative bioinformatic analyses were first performed between the nucleotide sequences of Bovine Genome Project and those of expressed sequence tag (EST) database, and a total of fifty-one species of indel markers were screened. Of these, forty-two indel markers were evaluated, and nine informative indel markers were ultimately selected for population analysis. Nucleotide sequences of each marker were re-sequenced and their polymorphic patterns were typed in six cattle breeds: Holstein, Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and two Korean native cattle breeds (Hanwoo and Jeju Black cattle). Cattle breeds tested in this study showed polymorphic patterns in eight indel markers but not in the Indel-15 marker in Charolais and Holstein. The results of analysis for Jeju Black cattle (JBC) population indicated an observed heterozygosity (Ho) that was highest in HW_G1 (0.600) and the lowest in Indel_29 (0.274). The PIC value was the highest in HW_G4 (0.373) and lowest in Indel_6 (0.305). These polymorphic indel markers will be useful in supplying genetic information for parentage tests and traceability and to develop a molecular breeding system for improvement of animal production in cattle breeds as well as in the JBC population.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.112-129
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to provide basic data in managing the project that was carried out on Bulgwangcheon in a nature-friendly way to improve the conditions around the areas, which was brought to completion in 2002, based on changes in ecological characteristics. For this propose, this study examined documents related to the project, compared physical and enviromnental changes before and after the project was conducted and analyzed changes in the stream ecosystem. The result showed that in areas that effluent water was often observed, especially when it rained, the river wall was washed away and vegetation was found damaged. As for actual vegetation, this study compared planting coverage of each section of the research area and actual vegetation charts. The results indicated that Lespedeza spp., Aster koraiensis among mixed seeds that were planted in the reservoir path were almost swept away while Festuca arundinacea dominated the areas. Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorns and Salix gracilistyla which had been planted in a small number were also almost washed out though a small number of them were left to form a colony. After examining the topography and structure of the plant community, this study found that areas where mixed seed were planted had changed into two types of vegetation: First type of area is dominated by P and R which are usually raised in apron with abundant floating particles. The second type of area is dominated by dry gramineous plant such as F and A. Areas around low flow channel where Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Salix gracilistyla planting construction method is applied was washed away with the width of low flow channel reduced. Though P, M and S formed a small community in some areas around the low flow area, they were in small number and in composition of simple plant species. Two ways were suggested in this study to manage the stream in an ecological way. First, adequate revetment construction methods should be applied by monitoring the flow of the stream as well as considering the flood control of urban streams. Second, target vegetation communities that are suitable for the environment of the stream should be chosen and be plantedconstantly with high density. At the same time, ornamental native plants shouldn't be planted as they have been and disturbing vegetation should be removed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 자생 국화과의 산국속 3종을 대상으로 국립백두대간수목원 시드뱅크 내 장기저장 가능성을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 국화과 3종의 종자는 경북 봉화군 춘양면에서 2017년 11월에 채종한 후 선별하였다. 종자는 저장조건별($-20^{\circ}C$, 40%RH /$5^{\circ}C$, 30%RH /$15^{\circ}C$, 15%RH) 12주간 저장하여 2주단위로 발아실험을 실시하였다. 발아실험은 광12시간으로 25/15(12/12h)$^{\circ}C$ 변온조건으로 진행하였다. 종자는 10립 3반복으로 1% Agar배지에 치상하여 유근이 1mm 이상 출현한 것을 발아립으로 정의하였다. 평균발아율(GP)과 발아속도(MGT)를 조사하였다. 구절초를 조건별 2주 저장 후 평균발아율과 평균발아일수를 조사한 결과 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.6{\pm}0.11$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 100%, $4.1{\pm}0.27$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.13$일로 조사되어 저장 후 발아율의 감소를 보이지 않았으며 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장에서 평균발아일수가 길어지는 경향을 보였다. 포천구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.4{\pm}0.36$일 / 100%, $4.2{\pm}0.09$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $4.1{\pm}0.22$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.30$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.15$일 / 100%, $4.0{\pm}0.09$일로 조사 되어 저장 전 후 차이를 확인 할 수 없었다. 한라구절초의 경우 $-20^{\circ}C/5^{\circ}C/15^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.4{\pm}0.10$일 / $93.3{\pm}3.33%$, $3.7{\pm}0.08$일 / $93.3{\pm}6.67%$, $3.8{\pm}0.02$일로 조사 되었으며 12주 저장 후 $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.0{\pm}0.21$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $4.2{\pm}0.03$일 / $96.7{\pm}3.33%$, $3.8{\pm}0.09$일로 조사되어 발아율이 소폭 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 산국속 3종의 종자는 12주 저장 후 기간 및 저장조건에 따른 평균발아율과 발아속도에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 산국속 3종 구절초, 포천구절초, 한라구절초의 종자는 저장기간 및 조건에 대해 민감한 반응을 보이지 않아 장기저장이 가능한 진정종자(Orthodox seed)로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-338
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• 2021

This study was investigated to find out the distribution of vascular flora and remarkable plants and its factors and management plan in the forest genetic resource reserve of Mt. Munsu, located in the DMZ and DMZ border area in Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do province. The survey was carried out 17 times from April 2019 to October 2020. First of all, in the forest genetic resource reserve of the Mt. Munsu, a total of 444 taxa in 95 families, 276 genera, 395 species, 13 subspecies, 33 varieties and 3 forms. This result was found to be about 9.09% of the total 4,881 taxa of vascular plants in Korea. In addition, endemic plants were classified as 6 taxa. Floristic special and rare plants were identified as 39 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively. Lastly, the invasive alien plants that appeared in Mt. Munsu of the forest genetic resource reserve were observed in 58 taxa. Moreover, the naturalization rate was 13.1% and the urbanization index was calculated to be 18.0%. As a result of comparing the vascular flora at the forest genetic resource reserve on Mt. Munsu identified in this study with previous studies, it was found the number of taxa was decreased compared to the previous studies, despite the fact that the recent survey section was wider and more varies routes were investigated. In particular, it was confirmed that the number of rare and endemic plants decreased significantly, and the number of invasive plants greatly spread to forest roads and hiking trails. Therefore, it is considered that the forest rest year system should be introduced for the conservation and management of native plants in the forest genetic resource reserve.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.616-624
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• 2020

International trade is one of the primary ways that non-native species spread worldwide. Korea and China are geographically close and have a large mutual trade volume. To investigate the population movement of the invasive whitefly(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) between the two countries, we compared the biotype distribution, insecticidal response, and the TYLCV(tomato yellow leaf curl virus) viruliferous rate of local populations collected in 2019. Based on the mitochondrial DNA COI sequences of B. tabaci, only the Q biotype was found in all populations in Korea, whereas the B biotype (14.3%) and Q biotype (85.7%) were found in China. In the haplotype composition of the B. tabaci Q biotype, only the Q1 group[Q1H1(79.8%) and Q1H2(20.2%)] was observed in China, but the Q1 group [Q1H1(1.7%) and Q1H2(97.5%)] and the Q2 group(only one individual) were found in Korea. The Korean populations showed high mortality(more than 80%) from 15 commercial insecticides, but the Chinese populations showed significantly low mortality from eight insecticides. No TYLCV infections were observed in the Korean populations while the average TYLCV viruliferous rate was 21.4% in the Chinese populations. Taken together, the results suggest that the population structures of B. tabaci in the two countries are different and may have different immigration histories.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

Best drought tolerance index was determined through statistics analysis and growth appearance of drought tolerant plants was determined by cultivation in pot and sloping land. For determination of best drought tolerant indicators, RD(Resistant dry days), LD(Leaf area), UTR(Unit transpiration), RWC(Relative water content), RWL(Relative water loss), LA(Leaf area), SN(Stoma unmber) and SA(Stoma area) were carried out by correlation and PCA analysis. RWL and UTR were affected on plant drought tolerance according to comparison among six indices for resistant dry days. The PCs axes separated SA, LA, RD and RWC and SN. UTR was negatively correlated with SA, RWL were also negatively correlated with RWC and SN. RWL and UTR were proved best selection indicator for the selection of drought tolerant species. Ulmus parvifolia, Bidens bipinnata, Patrinia villosa, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia gmelini etc. were selected drought tolerant plants. Shoot growth appearance of drought resistant plants was differed pot and sloping land. Shoot growth and leaf number was no significant differences between the pot and sloping land. However, root growth of drought tolerant plants was all the difference between two cultivation. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants was also found a big difference. T/R ratio of drought tolerant plants in sloping land was lower than that of pot. These results will be served efficiently plant breeding.