• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.426-435
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• 2012

The variation of stream flow is the one of the most important factors which influence on that of water quality in the unit watershed. The target water quality goal is established and permissible load is allotted in the base of the standard flow condition along with its water quality for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A standard flow selected could cause problems in the load allotment if it was not properly arranged. This study reviewed the acquisition of water quality data, the self-variation and the retainability in water quality on the specific flow conditions. This study also proposed the median and the adjusted average flow condition out of general flow conditions as alternative standard flow conditions. It is considered that the alternatives can make the water quality data easily acquired and the water quality representativeness more enhanced on the standard flow conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2023

Active attention and effort are needed to develop an integrated water management system in response to climate change. In this study, it proposed models for cross-use of agricultural water and river maintenance water using sewage treatment water as an integrated water management system for the Yeongsan River. The impact of the integrated water management models was assessed by applying the concept of Nexus, which is being presented worldwide for sustainable resource management. The target year was set for 2030 and quantitatively analyzed water, energy, land use and carbon emissions and resource availability index by integrated water management models was calculated by applying maximum usable amount by resource. An integrated water management system evaluation model using the Nexus concept developed in this study can play a role that can be viewed in a variety of ways: security and environmental impact assessment of other resources. The results of this research will be used as a foundation for the field of in the establishment of a policy decision support system to evaluate various security policies, as we analyzed changes in other factors according to changes in individual components, taking into account the associations between water, energy, food, and carbon resources. In future studies, additional sub-models need to be built that can be applied flexibly to changes in the future timing of the inter-resource relationship components.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2015

In Korea, Total Maximum Daily Loads(TMDLs) has been enforced to restore and manage water quality in the watersheds. However, some assesment of implementation plan of TMDLs showed that the achievement of the target water quality is not related to the proper allocation loads because difference of flow duration interval. In the United States, the discharge loads are determined by water quality modeling considering standard flow conditions according to purpose. Therefore, this study tried to develop the allocation method considering economical efficiency using water quality model. For this purpose, several allocation methods being used in the management of TMDLs is investigated and develope an allocation criteria considering regional equality and uniformity. Since WARMF(Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework) model can simulate the time varying behavior of a system and the various water quality variables, it was selected for a decision support system in this study. This model showed fairly good performance by adequately simulating observed discharge and water quality in Miho watershed. Furthermore, the scenario simulation results showed that the effect of annual average water quality improvement to remove 1kg BOD is more than 25 times, even if point pollutants treatment facility is six times more expensive to operate than non-point pollutants treatment facility.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2016

Monitored data (rainfall runoff and water quality) from 4 different paddy sites over 3 years were compared to analyze the effect of irrigation water management on irrigation supply and rainfall runoff quality in Korea. The system of rice intensification water management was adopted at one site (SRI) while the conventional water management method was used for rice culture at the other three sites (CT, SD and HD). The soil texture at SRI, CT and SD was sandy loam while that at HD was silt loam. The average reduction of irrigation supply at SRI compared with CT, SD and HD during the 3 years studied was 49%, 51% and 55%, respectively. The average event mean concentration (EMC) at SRI compared with that at CT, SD and HD was decreased by 35% (BOD), 44% (COD), 47% (SS), 19% (TN) and 38% (TP). The correlation between rainfall runoff and the measured non-point source (NPS) pollutants was very good in general. The comparison revealed that SRI water management significantly reduced both irrigation supply and EMC in rainfall runoff. Paddy NPS pollution was closely related to factors that induce runoff such as rainfall and irrigation supply. It was concluded that SRI management could be an effective and practical option to cope with both water shortage due to climate change and water quality improvement in rural watersheds. However, further studies are recommended in large irrigation districts for use in the development and implementation of NPS pollution policies since the data was collected from field sized paddies.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

Arid areas have a significant problem with water supply due to climate change and high water demand. More than 3,000 years ago, Persians started constructing elaborate tunnel systems called Qanat for extracting groundwater for agriculture and domestic usages in arid and semi-arid areas and dry deserts. In this paper, it has been demonstrated that ancient methods of water management, such as the Qanat system, could provide a good example of human wisdom to battle with water scarcity in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this paper is twofold: Review of old wisdom of Qanat-to review the history of this ancient wisdom from the beginning until now and study the Qanat condition at the present time and to explore why (notwithstanding that there are significant advantages to the Qanat system), it will no longer be used; and suggestions for future water management-to suggest a number of new methods based on new materials and technology to refine and protect Qanats. With these new suggestions it could be possible to refine and reclaim this method of extracting water in arid areas. Also, a new multi-purpose water management model has been introduced based on rainwater infiltration management over the Qanat system as the model can be applied either in dry or wet cities to solve current urban water problems.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.630-640
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• 2013

It is one of the most critical steps identifying impaired waterbodies exactly in the selection of target water quality indicators for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Excess ratio and excess level were applied and analyzed by the stream zone basis in order to evaluate water impairment for Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Seomjin rivers. Each river basin was divided into stream zones in the light of its watershed and waterbody characteristics. Selected water quality parameters discussed in this study were pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-P, T-Coli and F-Coli. The excess ratios of the water quality parameters were used to discriminate water bodies that did not meet water quality standards. The excess levels were used to classify the degradation of water quality. The excess ratios and the excess levels to the water quality criteria of the medium influence areas were used for each stream zone. The results indicate that the excess ratios and the excess levels are varied on the stream zone in each river basin. Three parameters, pH, DO and SS, met water quality standards in all stream zones. The other five parameters indicated very high excess ratios in most waterbodies, and especially T-P and T-Coli revealed to be very high excess levels in some waterbodies. These parameters could be considered as major target indicators for the management of TMDLs.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2015

Four major river basin in Korea has been managed with Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) System. Water quality indicators as targeted pollutants for TMDL were BOD and TP. In order to satisfy water quality criteria, government allocation using public treatment facilities and its action plan has been used. However, the role to improve water quality were recently faced to its limitation. It is time to require the role of non-government allocation in private discharge facilities to control good water quality. This study investigated three different scenarios in reduction demands of non-government allocations about industry and private sewages. The three different scenarios were discharge under 1) legal water quality standard, 2) water quality level in 2011 and 3) current water quality level with maximum value in group. The results showed that reduction potential in water discharge for TP indicator was 1,118kg/day, under second scenario with 20% of deduction. This results arrived at 42% of whole reduction potential costs and 0.012mg/L improvement in water quality. In conclusion, to intrigue voluntary participation in non-government allocation, various benefits such as tax reduction, tax exemption, and water quality trading should be provided.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.574-581
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• 2012

It is important to analyze the status of water quality with relation to the stream flow to attain water quality goal more effectively in the unit watersheds for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). This study developed a flow duration-water quality distribution graph to figure out water quality appearances on the flow variation and analyzed contributions of water quality observations to the impaired water bodies quantitatively by hydrologic conditions. Factors relating to water quality variation can be analyzed more precisely and assessed on the base of quantified contributions. It is considered that this approach could be utilized to establish a more effective plan for the water quality improvement including the prioritization of pollution reduction options.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2007

Built-out issue of copper processing appearing recently in the Paldang watershed is a critical problem to deteriorate the basic framework of national water management policy as well as to be simply a copper-related problem. Up to now, Korea government has invested hard and relevant upstream areas have been victimized readily in a variety of field to comply its goal of 'Safe Water Supply'. Because of the reason, the desirable water quality level of the Paldang watershed has been maintained regardless of its dense population. Paldang drinking water management policy is based on residents' understanding which is considered as a 'social capital'. The issue raised in the aspect of water quality management policy should be reviewed on the basis of the 'social capital' concept. One regarding semiconductor industry as a potential industry to export many products in 10 years insists that the industry not be a simple private business but be a prominent part for national competitiveness. There is no doubt about this opinion. However, a nation should support environmental right-to-life of its people prior to any other tasks. In other words, it is really risky to give up people's right due to economic benefits. Therefore, it should not happen to trade 'life', the dignity of man, with national competitiveness which is likely to be preferred in these days. In addition, coherent policy not to destroy 'social capital' promoting Paldang drinking water resource management policy should be maintained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The management of agricultural water can be divided into management of agricultural infrastructure and operation to determine the timing and quantity of water supply. The target of water management is classified as water-supply facilities, such as reservoirs, irrigation water supply, sluice gate control, and farmland. In the case of agricultural drought, there is a need for water supply capacity in reservoirs and for drought assessment in paddy fields that receive water from reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the water supply amount from intake capacity to irrigation canal network. The analysis of the irrigation canal network should be considered for efficient operation and planning concerning optimized irrigation and water allocation. In this study, we applied a hydraulic analysis model for agricultural irrigation networks by adding the functions of irrigation canal network analysis using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) module and actual irrigation water supply log data from May to August during 2015-2019 years in Sinsong reservoir. The irrigation satisfaction of ponding depth in paddy fields was analyzed through the ratio of the number of days the target ponding depth was reached for each fields. This hydraulic model can assist with accurate irrigation scheduling based on its simulation results. The results of evaluating the irrigation efficiency of water supply can be used for efficient water distribution and management during the drought events.