• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the proper amount of subsidy required to operating dental hospital or clinic for the disabled. Models for estimating operating profit of general dental hospital/clinic and opportunity cost of operating dental hospital/clinic for the disabled was formulated. Data were collected from various sources such as the annual reports of Purme Hospital, one of the running dental hospitals for the disabled, statistics from Healthcare Bigdata Hub, operated by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korean Government, and the deliberation data of non-reimbursable treatments in Seoul Dental Hospital for the Disabled. A dental hospital/clinic for the disabled was less profitable than a general dental hospital/clinic, of which the reason is that the chair time for the average patient is longer. However, It was false that a dental hospital/clinic for the disabled scored less average insurance fee for a treatment. Disabled patients had more frequent prosthodontic treatments, which had a high average insurance fee. There were some groups of treatments that could yield higher profitability in a dental hospital/clinic for the disabled; recall checks, and periodontal treatments.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.165-187
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• 2015

In this paper, we tested if the sewage subsidy from Korean Water Management Fund discourage sewage fee increase by Korean local governments, and consequently hinder water quality improvement. To examine this counter-incentive effect of Water manage Fund sewage subsidy, we estimated the effect of sewage subsidy on the ratio of sewage fee revenue to environmental treatment facilities' operation cost of local governments in 2009-12, using two-stage least square estimation. We found that the sewage subsidy has negative effect on the sewage fee revenue to sewage operation cost ratio. But, the statistical significance of this effect was sensitive to model specification. And the size was too small to conclude that the counter-incentive effect was economically significant.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-57
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• 2024

This study analyzes the purchase subsidy for electric light-duty vehicles in terms of environmental benefits and total cost of ownership(TCO). For the environmental benefits, we considered the emissions from the power generation mix and reflected the change in efficiency of electric vehicles according to the temperature distribution. The environmental benefits of driving electric vehicles were estimated to be between KRW 2.2 million and KRW 5.3 million. Also, the TCO of electric vehicles compared to diesel vehicles under the current purchase subsidy was estimated to be about KRW 3.6 million lower for business use and about KRW 6.6 million lower for non-business use. These results imply that it is reasonable to lower the unit price of the purchase subsidy even within the same budget. Moreover, the remaining budget could be better spent on upgrading the charging infrastructure, which would reduce the inconvenience of charging for potential buyers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal nursing fee for nurse-midwifery center (MC) in the national health insurance system. Methods: The three methodologies used to calculate the conversion factors for the MCs in the national health insurance include cost accounting method, sustainable growth rate (SGR) model, and index model. In this study, the macro-economic indicators and the national statistics were used to estimate the conversion factors for the MCs. Results: The optimal nursing fee for the MCs in 2011 was estimated to be an increase of 57.7% by cost accounting analysis, a decrease of 17.1% by SGR model, and a decrease of 16.1% by index model. The results from SGR model and index model could had been biased due to the upswing of medical spendings in the short-term period (2008~2009). A sensitivity analysis of pre-delivery subsidy program for OB & GYN hospitals and clinics showed that the program has substantially diminished the demand for the MC services. Conclusion: More reliable methodologies to estimate nursing fees precisely are required to prove the value of nurses' services and a government subsidy program for the MC services should be followed from a social perspective.

• IE interfaces
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1989

The problem of planning national coal production is formulated as an optimal control problem. The model can be used to propose a proper government subsidy policy which will enhance the utilization of a nationally-owned resurce(coal) and maintain the optimal level of coal production.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.556-564
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the school dietitian's cognition, practical use of environment-friendly agricultural products to provide fundamental information for the qualitative improvement in the school food service. The results of the study are as follows: 1. It was clearly recognized that the subsidy for the school food service is generally insufficient, the amount of additional appropriate subsidy for the school food service was different according to type of school and roughly 300~600 won in each of foods needs to be supported. 2. The environment-friendly agricultural products that were often used in the school food service were vegetables and grains. 3. In the analysis of cognition and problems toward using environment-friendly agricultural products, the dietitians recognized that environment-friendly agricultural products should be appropriately used. A reason that environment-friendly agricultural products were better than general agricultural products was composed of a use of less additive, good ingredient, and good outer condition. 4. In the analysis of countermeasure on increasing environment-friendly agricultural products in the school meal service, the response to that more additional subsidy was necessary for the school food service. The highest and the most positive effects after using environment-friendly agricultural products were students' health improvement and improvement in parents' satisfaction with the school food service.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-53
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• 2013

Technology research and development (R&D) expenditures have increased as most countries recognize that technological innovation is a significant factor for continued economic growth. R&D subsidies by governmental entities were permitted in accordance with the Subsidy and Countervailing Measure (SCM) Agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) system. However, according to Article 31 of the SCM Agreement the provision for R&D subsidies have been terminated as of January 2000 and legal disputes over R&D subsidies are likely to increase. The aircraft industry has been the only industry where R&D subsidies have become an issue under the WTO. This paper examines international trade disputes within the aircraft industry in regards to measures by Canada and bilateral disputes between the U.S. and the European Communities (EC). In these cases, various R&D subsidies on civil aircraft are found to be inconsistent with WTO rules. This study summarizes the WTO decisions on various R&D subsidies disputed in the aircraft cases and examines the type of R&D subsidies found to be inconsistent (or consistent) with the WTO to provide guidelines for current and future R&D subsidy policies in high-tech industries. The Canada-Aircraft case indicates that R&D subsidies directly targeted towards near market R&D projects with a high export potential will likely be in violation of current WTO rules. Furthermore, findings from the EC-Aircraft and the U.S.-Aircraft cases suggest that the forms (or the methods) of R&D subsidy distribution were not a sufficient condition for the WTO ruling; instead, what ultimately mattered was whether and specifically to whom the benefits of the R&D subsidies are conferred by the government entities.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

In this study, the complementary or crowding-out effects of public R&D subsidy on private R&D investment in the cleaner production were analysed between the effects and the major determinants (company size, R&D investment intensity, ratio of government investment, R&D manpower intensity). Among 207 firms' projects, the number of the complementary effect was 95 (45.9%) while that of crowding-out effect was 38 (18.4%). Resulting from logistic regression, the higher the R&D investment of sponsored companies is, the more complementary effect they show, responding to public R&D subsidy, and increase own R&D investment. The other determinants, however, showed no significant effects on firms' R&D investment. To heighten the effect of public cleaner production R&D, it is need to increase the priority of R&D investment intensity among the determinants. And to increase the performance of governmental R&D investment, further studies for the individual public R&D programs are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.92-95
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• 2011

The initial investment of rice cultivation by mechanical technique was high. This was only due to the cost of planting machine. We analysed the overall cost (without machine cost) and benefits of the two methods, it manifested that the mechanical method is very much beneficial over traditional rice cultivation technique. We observed that the requirement of soil, irrigation water, number of seeds etc. decreased in mechanical cultivation technique while net income increase by 13.07% with 80% government subsidy. Furthermore, the initial rooting was quicker, growth and development of pot raised seedlings was better than the traditional technique. Hence, this technique can give better return to the farmers with the help of government subsidy.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-123
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• 2021

This paper examines the impact of the regional cash subsidies which were granted in some districts in addition to the national universal stimulus payment in South Korea related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluate the effects of the cash distribution per resident on aggregate credit and debit card sales and sales by industry using the difference-in-difference method. The increment in card spending due to the cash subsidy is about 1.58%p in total, and this effect is concentrated within a single month. The consumption stimulating effect is prominent among (semi)-durable goods that do not require close interactions between customers and sellers. In contrast, the effect is relatively small in the high-contact face-to-face service sectors and restaurants, areas the COVID-19 pandemic hit directly. On the other hand, some service sectors where customers could wear face masks, such as education and fitness, experienced a substantial sales boost due to the cash subsidy.