• World Technopolis Review
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.64-80
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• 2013

In "Creating the Technopolis: High Technology Development in Austin Texas," Smilor, Kozmetsky, and Gibson (1988) make the case that in the mid-1980s Austin was becoming a globally competitive high tech region. Indeed over the years and into 2013, Austin has established its reputation as a leading entrepreneurial and technology center and "talent magnet." Delegations from across the US and worldwide visit Austin to better understand how this central Texas city went from being a state government and university town to become a fast growing, globally competitive, technology hotspot leading the state and nation in job creation. Central to the concept of the Triple Helix and Technopolis Frameworks is the importance of university, business, and government cooperation. This paper gives examples of mechanisms, processes, and metrics on how The University of Texas at Austin; regional technology industry; federal, state, and local government policies; and support groups all contributed to growing and sustaining the Austin Technopolis.

• 종교문화비평
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• 제29호
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• pp.101-133
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• 2016

신화는 일차적으로 고대인들의 사유와 표상이 담긴 이야기로서 전승집단의 종교와 삶의 규범을 담고 있는 유산이지만, 이 이야기는 전승과정에서 당대의 필요에 의해 어떻게 읽느냐에 따라 새로운 신화로 탄생한다. 동아시아의 근대국가가 성립할때 일부 지식인들이 고대로부터의 전승에 새로운 가치를 부여하여 민족과 국가의 기원을 설명해주는 이야기들을 구축했다는 것은 한중일의 공통적인 현상이다. 여기서 주목할 것은 당대에 절대시하는 개념들 가운데 어떤 개념은 그 자체가 초역사적으로 신성시 되어 신화로 기능한다는 점이다. 역사적 위기상황의 극복을 위해 수용한 '민족' 혹은 '단일민족'의 개념이 그렇다. 따라서 한국민족이 단일민족이라고 하는 것은 근대에 형성된 일종의 '신화'로서 근대 민족주의 형성과 함께 만들어진 전통이다. 이 글에서는 종교가르치기에서 신화를 다룰때 반드시 짚어야할 신화(myth) 개념을 근대신화의 형성과정이라는 역사적 사례연구를 통해 알아보았다. 역사적 사례를 통해 신화개념에 역점을 두는 이유는 다음과 같은 두 가지 사실 때문이다. 첫째, 동아시아 '근대신화' 형성의 토대와 그것이 만들어지는 과정을 살펴보는 것은 침략전쟁과 식민지배로로 점철된 '근현대사'를 파악하는데 필수불가결하다. 아울러 신화개념을 통한 역사적 사례를 살펴봄으로써 신화학을 교양과목으로 수강하는 학생들은 근현대사의 심층적 이해는 물론 현대문화비평의 안목을 기르는데 도움을 받을 것이다. 둘째, 신화라는 용어가 내포하는 복합적인 함의를 균형있게 살펴봄으로써 종교가르치기에서 종교의 역동성을 파악하는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제35권
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• pp.427-451
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• 1998

이 연구는 서유럽의 국가복지 발전의 역사를 살펴보고, 한국과 비교하는 작업을 통해 한국 국가복지 발전의 역사적 특수성을 밝히려는 목적을 가진다. 그를 위해 이 연구는 '맥락의 대조'라 불리우는 비교분석의논리를 가지고, (1)민족국가의 형성 (2)시민사회의 전개 (3)개입국가의 발전과 관련된 5개의 변수를 중심으로 서유럽 국가들과 한국을 대조해보았다. 우선, 전통국가의 지배유형과 사회통합 방식의 상이성은 복지제공 주체로서의 민족국가를 부각시키는데 있어 적잖은 편차를 파생시켰다. 또한 서유럽국가들에서 계급균열은 정치적으로 동원될 수 있었지만, 권위주의적 국가에 의한 철저한 노동배재적 정치질서를 지속해온 한국에서 계급균열의 부각과 정치참여는 봉쇄되어왔다. 복지정치의 제도화와 관련해서도 역시 큰 차이가 보인다. 서유럽의 복지국가들에서 복지는 정치적 갈등과 타협의 수단이었지만, 한국에서 고것은 철저하게 탈정치화되어 국가복지의 낙후성을 낳았고, 다시 거기에 제약된 사회성원은 복지와 관련된 이해관계를 공적인 영역에서 표출할 기회를 상실했다. 한국에서 국가복지의 낙후성은 이처럼 사회적 현실과 그것이 낳은 관성적 행위의 순환구조 속에서 지속적으로 재생산되어 왔다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2011

대중저항은 민주화 과정의 필수적인 요소였다. 이 때문에 중국의 민주화 논의에 있어서도 대중저항은 매우 중요한 요소로 인식되어 왔다. 최근 중국에 새로운 저항의 시대가 도래하고 있고, 특히 농민저항이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 농민저항의 경향과 특징을 파악하고, 중국 국가-사회관계의 변화에 대한 탐색을 통해 밑으로부터의 민주화가 가능한지를 예측해 보고자 했다. 중국 농민저항의 급증은 중국 경제성장의 역설이다. 발전과정에서 농촌사회는 희생을 강요당해 왔기 때문에, 농민들의 불만표출이 확대되었다. 중국정부는 농민저항을 전통적인 억제와 진압의 방식으로 무마시키는 데 한계에 봉착했고, 점차 농민의 불만을 어느 정도 수용하고 무마시키는 자비로운 국가의 이미지 그리고 영리한 안정구매 전략을 구사하게 되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 지속적인 경제발전과 현대화 과정에서 도시와 농촌간의 격차는 더욱 확대되었고 농민들의 상대적 소외는 쉽게 치유되지 않았다. 이에 따라 중국 농민저항의 불씨는 쉽게 사그라지지 않고, 중국 전역에서 횡행하고 있다. 중국 농민저항의 특징 역시 변화했다. 과거에는 산발적이고 간접적인 저항방식이었다면, 최근에는 조직적이고 적극적인 저항 방식으로 변화하고 있다. 물론 아직까지 정부의 사회 통제력이 강하다는 것이 일반적 평가이고, 농촌 시민사회의 형성기반이 약하기 때문에, 정부의 안정구매 전략은 농민들의 불만이 체제 위협으로까지 확대되지 않게 하고 있다. 당분간은 긴장과 충돌이 중국정부로 하여금 국가-사회간의 상호작용을 제도화시켜 농촌 시민사회의 권력 성장을 억제시키고, 거리투쟁을 제도 내 투쟁으로 유도할 가능성이 높다. 그러나 국가와 농촌사회간의 갈등과 충돌이 끊임없이 지속되고 있으며, 농민 저항의 방식이 변화하는 것을 볼 때 중국 국가-사회관계에도 새로운 조정이 이미 진행되고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 1997

This study aims at drawing implications for Korea's urban growth management policies from U.S.A's experience on this issue. This study analyzes two types of contradictions in planning and implementing urban growth management policies: 1) value conflicts in goal setting and 2) contradictions among different level of governments (local, province, nation). As mentioned by Campbell (1996), there are three types of conflicts in objective values (efficiency, equity, and environment protection): property contradiction between economic growth and equity, resource conflict between efficiency and environment protection, and development conflict between equity and environment protection in urban growth management policies. In implementing urban growth management three types of conflicts in goal values should been taken into consideration. Contradictions among local governments, province, and central government are also found in implementing growth management policies. The lessons from the United State are as follow: 1) growth management plans are initiated by the local government and during the planning process adjacent local governments review a local government's growth management plans and give inputs for the plan, 2) local government and State work together for growth management planning and specially, the State provides technical and financial assistance to local government, and 3) the State plays leading roles in local government's planning and implementing of growth management policies with carrot and stick policy.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제4호
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• pp.145-180
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• 2006

In Korea, nation and nationalism are undeniable justice, absolute virtue and moreover system of desire. From the late Chosun Dynasty when the Korean Peninsula had to survive from the critical situation of being the arena of competition, and through the colonial period under Japanese imperialism, nationalism became stronger as a logic of survival. The policy of seclusion under closed and exclusive nationalism that didn't recognize the world situation well enough, eventually gave more pain to the nation. Nationalism in colonial Korea which was as reformed nationalism and on the other hand, as intransigent, resisting nationalism. Since the purpose of this writing is not for clarifying the argument raised on Korean nationalism, there is no use mentioning how it went with the change of time. But we have to focus on the fact that the word 'nation' which appeared under the influence of popular revolution and capitalism meaning 'a group of people', was translated and understood as a racial concept for strengthening the unity of 'single-race nation with five thousand years' history. First of all, there is nationalism used to fortify the system. 'The Charter of National Education' and 'The Pledge of Allegiance' were ornaments to intensify the ruling ideology and dictatorship to militarize entire South Korea for 'settling Korean democracy' professed nationalism. Also, another ruling ideology armed with 'self-reliance' put North Korea into the state of hypnosis called nationalism. Nationalism, claiming 'nation' outwardly, but in reality, being an illuminating, instructing ideology isolating each other was indeed a body with two faces. This made 'nation' in Korea mysterious and objective through work such as. The statue commemorating patriotic forefathers' and picture of national records' in South Korea art. Nationalism used to strengthening the system encountered the magical 'single-race' and made 'ghost' being an extreme exclusion to other nations. We can find pedigreed pureness not allowing any mixed breeds from the attitude accepting western art -via Japan or directly- and making it vague by using the word Korean and Asia. There's nationalism as a resistant ideology to solidify the system on the other side. It came out as a way of survival among the Great Power and grew with the task of national liberation to became as a powerful force facing against the dictatorship dominating South Korea after the liberation. This discussion of nationalism as a resistance ideology was active in 1980s. In 1980, democracy movement against the dictatorship of 5th Republic originated from military power which came out suppressing the democratic movement in Gwangju, spread out from the intellects and the students to the labors, farmers and the civilians. It is well known that the 'Nation-People(Minjoong)'s Art Movement could come out under this social condition. Our attitude toward nationalism is still dual in this opening part of 21st century. On one hand, they are opposing to the ultra-nationalism but are not able to separate it from nationalism, and on the other, they have much confusion using it. In fact, in a single-race nation like Korea, the situation of being nationalism and jus sanguinis together can cause dual nationalism. Though nationalism is included in the globalization order, it is evidence that it's effective in Korea where there are still modern fetters like division and separation. In particular, in the world where Japan makes East Asia Coalition but exposed in front of nationalism, and China not being free from Sinocentrism, and American nationalism taking the world order, and Russia fortifying nationalism suppressing the minority race after the dissolution of socialism, Korean nationalism is at the point to find an alternative plan superior to the ruling and resisting ideology.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.227-263
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• 2013

Examining the patterns of evolution of interstate systems in Asia, this article argues that the relationship of state-builders to nomads stood in much of continental Asia stood in sharp contrast to the relationships between rulers and mercantile-financial elites in Europe. Due to the productivity of wet-rice economies, continental Asian rulers were not dependent on merchants and bankers to raise armies to wage war or suppress rebellions unlike their European counterparts. Hence they had no need to grant bankers and merchants concessions, especially monopolies which is how large volumes of capital are accumulated. Geographic conditions however meant that while the lack of internal frontiers meant that large continental-sized states could be created in China, this was not possible in the Indian subcontinent where a more chequered equilibrium where nomads enjoyed a military advantage in arid and semi-arid tracts meant that trans-subcontinental polities enjoyed only a fleeting existence. In mainland southeast Asia, where dense forests and a difficult terrain insulated the region from nomadic conquests, a third variant of interstate relations emerged.

• 기술사
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2001

Predict-Plan-Do is the main point to settle Safety management well, but we have neither Predict nor Plan. So just like the system of English CDM is necessary to be adapted in construction work which makes them work in full responsibility by clarifying the responsibility located step by step from planning to designing & constructing-To adapt this system needs more money for Safety than now, but this system makes companies earn maximum confidence & profit by accident prevention. Furthermore leads the nation and the society to earn large profit, then open the road to Welfare State. If you sees only the things such as money, profit, etc before your eyes, no more safety remains. That means no more respect of persons and no more welfare state.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.176-197
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• 2016

Despite being a key concept of International Relations theory, there is no consensus about what the national interest is. It is almost impossible for political leaders of democratic states to make a crucial decision in foreign policies when considering only the national interest without public support. Rather, we are unable to imagine the national interest without public opinion. In general, international crises galvanize people who held different opinions and unify social cleavages, such as secular-religious identities, into a nation that acts in its national interest. The author proposes a method to operationalize the key concept and describes a relationship between the national interest and religious identities in a democratic state. The selected case is the state of Israel. It is believed that Israel is a good example to think about the association between foreign affairs and political attitudes since it is characterized as a socio-religious divided society and has often waged war against Arab military forces.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.147-172
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• 2014

The Guatemalan government and guerrilla forces(the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteco, URNG) signed peace accord in 1996, and ended civil conflict(1960-1996). The bloodiest governments of the 36-year-lond armed conflict were those of Lucas Garc?a, R?os Montt and Mej?a V?ctores, between 1978 and 1983. The war that Guatemala underwent resulted in more than 200,000 casualties, more than 83% of them Mayan, according to the report of the CEH(Comision para de Esclarecimiento Historico). 'Victoria 82' and 'Opreation Sof?a' were the strategy of military dictatorship to destory indigenous Mayan communities. This paper is to demonstrates that the Guatemalan state perpetrated a genocide against the indigenous population using racism to strengthening modern nation-state and this was because, historically and structurally, it possessed, in its intrinsic naturem the repressive, ideological and legal apparatus. To distinguish Maya from ladino is often linked to cultural and social discrimination and a system of racial ranking. Militaty dictatorship used the system of racial ranking to exterminate indigenous populations.